Educational technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge and methods to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning. It involves using machines, materials, media, men and methods in an integrated way to achieve specific educational objectives. The document discusses the meaning, objectives, characteristics and scope of educational technology. It provides definitions of educational technology from various scholars and outlines the objectives of educational technology at the macro and micro levels.

1. 1
ASSIGNMENT
ON
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY &
COMMUNICATION IN EDUCATION (EDU-03)
TOPIC: “MEANING, OBJECTIVES AND
SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY”.
SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY,
Mrs. MARY JAIN ANGEL MS
EMMANUEL COLLEGE OF ROLL NUMBER: 44
B.ED TRAINING EMMANUEL COLLEGE OF
VAZHICHAL B.ED TRAINING
VAZHICHAL
OPTION: HINDI

2. 2
INDEX
SL.NO TITLE PAGE.NO:
1 PREFACE 3
2 CONTENT 4-12
3 CONCLUSION 13
4 REFERENCES 14

3. 3
PREFACE
It usually observed that it is neither capital investment nor increased
workforce but technology which holds the key to development and growth-
economic and educational.
Before we consider the meaning and significance of educational technology it
will be desirable to mention in brief the concept of technology it self.
J. Naugnton (1986) argues in his book Technology in schools that technology
can be considered in two ways –technology as things and technology as social
process.
Technology of things is the application of scientific knowledge to practical
tasks by organizations that involves in 2M’s-men and machines. Technology of
social progress is the application of scientific and other organized knowledge to
practical tasks by hierarchically ordered systems that involves men and
machines.
So, technology is not only the tool for the development of science but also the
change in the social process. The word thechnology is derived from the Greek
word “Technic” meaning art or skill and “Logia” meaning science or study .
Thus technology is the science of study of an art and skill.
According to Hierra A, Technology is the set of instruments and
skills which are used to satisfy the needs of the community.
According to Page T, Technology is the application of scientific
knowledge for practical purposes.

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DEFINITIONS OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
1. G.O.M Leith
“Educational Technology is the application of scientific knowledge and learning
and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of
teaching and training”.
2. NCET (NATIONAI COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY)
“Educational Technology is the application, development, evaluation of
System, techniques and aids to improve the process of human learning.”
3. J.Bloomer
“Education technology is the application of scientific knowledge about learning
for practical learning situation”.
4. Robert A. Cox
“Educational Technology is the application of scientific process to man’s
learning conditions”.
5. John P. Dececco
“Educational Technology is the form of detailed application of psychology of
learning to practical teaching problems”.

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6. E.E. Hadden
“Educational Technology is that branch of educational theory and practice
concerned primarily with the design and use of messages which control the
learning process”.
7. Richmond
“Educational Technology is concerned to provide appropriately designed
learning situations which, holding in view of objectives of the Teaching of
Training, being to bear the best means of instruction”.
8. S.S. Kulkarni
“Educational Technology may be defined as the application of the laws as well
as recent discoveries of science and technology to the process of education”.
MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational Technology is a system of 5M’ s in education in which
machines, material ,men, media and methods are interrelated and work together
for the fulfillment of specific educational objectives. Technology explosion has
yielded several new machines, materials and media which have great potential
for use in the educational enterprise. An adequate knowledge of theory and
practice of educational technology and their proper use would enable the teacher
to understand and effectively discharge his new roles in the educational system
in the age of ‘ information explosion’ , ‘ knowledge explosion’ and ‘
expectation explosion’ . Educational technology is branch of study in which the
results of engineering techniques, information science, natural science,
behavioral science and human technology are to be used to promote the
efficiency of education.

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Broadly speaking educational Technology connotes three meanings. The first
view which may called educational technology I (ET 1) refers to the application
of Physical Science and engineering technology to provide mechanical or
electro-mechanical tools, instruction or hardware which can be used for
instructional purposes. In this sense ,the reference is generally to the use of
equipment for presenting instructional material such as still and motion pictures,
projectors, taperecorders, television, teaching machine and computer based
technology.
The second view which may call educational technology 2 (ET 2) refers to the
application of scientific principles to instruction. Here psychological principles
of learning are stressed. The third and modern view of educational technology
3(ET3) incorporates both ET1 and ET2 through the application of a system
approach to education. According to this view education should be considered
as a system in which machines, materials, media, men and methods are
incorporated parts and are organized in such a way as they work together for the
fulfillment specific educational objectives. Educational Technology is a
combination of two terms education and technology. Education refers to the
process of bringing up or leading out the inherent potentialities from the pupil.
It is the process by which the knowledge, skills and attitude are transmitted to
the members of the community.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
1. It is based on scientific and technological advancements.
2. It is more a practical discipline and less a theoretical one.
3. It is a fast growing modern discipline.
4. It makes use of the research findings of psychology, sociology,
engineering, sciences and social psychology etc., and applies the same
to the field of education.
5. It brings pupils, teachers and technical means together in an
effective way.
6. It is the science of techniques and methods. It locates the problems
in the field of education, remedies them and ultimately aims at
improving the education system.
7. It is bound to improve the teacher, the learner and the teaching
learning process.

8. 8
OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology, in the capacity of technology of education,
provides valuable help in the total teaching learning process forachieving the
best possible results in an economic way through the available human and non-
human resources. In this respect, the major objectives of education technology
can be summarized as follows,
1. According to Hillard Jason,
Hillard Jason has started the following major objectives of
educational technology keeping the teachers in view.
 Transmitting information.
 Serving as a role model.
 Assisting the practical of developing specific skills.
 Contribution to the provision of field back.
2. According to Mckenzie,
According to Mckenzie and others has started the following major
objective with students as focal point.
 The needs to reach out took maximum number of student.
 To reach out them with a improved range learning materials.
 To offer greater opportunities for independence study.
 To permit a limited students response.

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3. Objectives at the Macro Level.
In the view of the broad educational goals, i.e. the macro level, the
objectives of educational technology can be listed in the following way:
 To identify educational needs and aspirations of the community.
 To determine the aims of education, broad strategies and structure of
education.
 To develop a suitable curriculum with interaction of science, art and
human values.
 To identify man-material resources and strategies for achieving the
stipulated aims of education.
 To develop certain models leading to improvement of theprocess of
teaching and learning.
 To develop the appropriate aids and equipment to meet the educational
purposes.
 To identify major constraints in the environment and the ways and means
to tackle those.
 To help in extending educational opportunities to the masses especially
the neglected section of the community.
 To manage the whole educational system covering planning,
implementation and the evaluation phases.
4. Objectives at the Micro Level.
In the view of the specific classroom teaching, i.e. the micro level, the
objectives of educational technology are as follows:
 To identify and analyze the characteristics and educational needs of the
pupils. To determine the specific classroom objectives and state then in
behavioral terms.

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 To analyze the contents of the instruction and organize it in a proper
sequence.
 To identify the available teaching-learning material and resources.
 To identify the nature of the interaction of the sub-systems like students,
teachers, teaching-learning material, content of instruction and
methodologies.
 To plan the teaching strategies and utilize the man-material resources for
achieving specific classroom objectives.
 To evaluate of the classroom teaching in the terms of the pupil's
performance or change in behavior.
 To provide appropriate feedback to the students as well as teachers to
bring modification in the teaching learning process.
SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology is a process- oriented technique. Educational
technology is not limited to teaching and learning process and theories still
teaching-learning process is influenced much more by educational technology.
Theories have been shifted from learning to teaching only due to educational
technology.
If the educational technology is limited to audio-visual aids, mechanical and
electronic gadgets the scope of educational technology becomes limited, but
educational technology is not limited to all these things rather, it pervades all
over. Educational technology should go into:
1. At home.
2. Managed by external assistance.
3. Rigorous task analysis.

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4. Specification of direct behavior.
5. Determination of pre-requisites and the gradual direct behavior.
6. Clear specification of the problem.
7. Hindrance in solving problems.
8. Management and organization of man, material, resources.
9. Availability of a few media as for example films, television, radio etc.
10. Developing software.
Eg:http://www.preservearticles.com/2011122018631/what-is-the-scope-of-
educational-technology.html.
The scope of Educational Technology is as wide as education itself.
The scope includes the use of hardware and software and system analysis in
various educational operations. The possibility of using Educational
Technology is almost all areas of education has been and is being explored. As
such the scope of Educational Technology encompasses educational objectives,
media and their characteristics, criteria for selection of media and resources,
management of resources, as well as their evaluation. Educational Technology
increases the output of the entire system of education.
 Educational Technology tries to study the phases of teaching, skills of
teaching and learning, principles of teaching, maxims of teaching etc.
 Educational Technology as a discipline strives for the formulation of
objectives and goals of education based on individual and social needs.
 Educational Technology includes planning of curricular and non-
curricular inputs on the basis of goals and objectives of education. It also
highlights the ways and means of content selection, transaction and
sequencing of teaching learning activities.

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 Educational Technology develops tools of evaluation to provide
feedback and based on this modification are incorporated in the process.
 Training of teachers, teacher-training programmers and development of
suitable strategies and techniques of teaching.
 Selection and use of appropriate audio-visual aids for making the
teaching-learning process more meaningful and realistic.
 Effective use of hardware, software and mass media.
 Individualized instructional technology.
 Programmed learning.
 Models of teaching.
 Multimedia approach to teaching.
 Communication technology.
 Task-analysis, preparation of modules.
 Computer, internet, E-mail, teleconferencing, virtual classrooms, satellite
instruction etc. Ø Micro teaching, simulation, and other training
techniques.

13. 13
CONCLUSION
Educational Technology is as wide as Education itself. Educational
Technology implies the use of all educational resources – Men, Materials,
Methods and Techniques, Means and Media in an integrated and systematic
manner for optimized learning. Educational technology is a wide field.
Therefore, one can find many definitions, some of which are conflicting.
Educational technology can be considered either as a design science or as a
collection of different research interests addressing fundamental issues of
learning, teaching and social organization.

14. 14
REFERENCE
 AggarwalJ.C.(2010)Essentials of Educational Technology (Innovations in
Teaching-Learning), Vikas Publishing Housing PVT LTD: New Delhi.
 WWW.yourarticle.com
 http:// eduask.com
 WWW.wikipedia.com