online assignment

1. SubmittedTo,
Mary Jain Mam
AssistantProfessor
Emmanuelcollegeof B.Ed
training.
Vazhichal, Trivandrum
SubmittedBy,
Prajitha.M
1st B.Ed Geography
Emmanuelcollegeof B.Ed
training
Vazhichal, Trivandrum
MEANING , SCOPE AND
OBJECTIVES OF
EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
Educational technology is that branch of educational theory and practice which
is concerned primarily with the design and use of messages which control the learning
process. According to G.O.M Leith “ Educational technology is the application of
scientific knowledge about learning and the condition of learning to improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning”. The education technology has
very importance in the present stage. Implementing technology to make teaching
learning easier, simple, and which is saving time and energy and assisting learner
progressively. Educational technology is the effective use of technological tools in
learning. As a concept, it concerns an array of tools, such as media, machines and
networking hardware, as well as considering underlying theoretical perspectives for
their effective application.(Richey 2008) Educational technology includes numerous
types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and
includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite
TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning. In this assignment we discuss the
meaning, scope and objectives of Educational technology.

3. MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational Technology a system of 5M’s. Educational Technology is a system
in education in which machines , materials, media , men and methods are inter related
and work together for fulfilment of specific educational objectives. Educational
Technology is an applied or practical study which aim at maximizing educational
effects by controlling such relevant factors as educational purposes ,educational
content, teaching material, educational environment, conduct of student,
interrelationship between students and instructors.
There are three views regarding the meaning of educational technology.
The first view which may call educational technology 1(ET1) refers to the
application of physical science and engineering technology to provide mechanical
or electromechanically tools, instrumentation or ‘hardware’ which can be used for
instructional purposes. this is the view of James O Fin and others(1960) for the
‘audiovisual education’ movement and by the electronic communication industry.
in this sense, the reference is generally to the use of equipment for presenting
instructional material such as still and motion picture projectors( silent and sound
),tape recorders(including language laboratory), television, teaching machines and
computer based teaching.
The second view which may call educational technology 2 (ET2) refers to the
application of scientific principles to instruction. This is the view of Skinner,
Gagne and others .Here psychological principles of learning are stressed.
The third and the modern view of educational technology 3 (ET3) as described by
Davis and Hartley (1972) , incorporates both ET1 and ET2 through application of a
“system approach” to education and training. According to this view, education
should be considered a system in which machines, materials, media, men and
methods are interrelated parts and are organized in such a way as they work

4. together for the fulfilment of specific educational objectives. Educational
technology, according to this view, implies planning, implementing and evaluating
a system in education according to scientific principles so as to best achieve the
educational objectives.
WIDER MEANING OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
The National Council Of Educational Technology Report-U.K (1969)gives the
wider meaning of educational technology in these words, ”It perhaps needs to be
reiterated that the council sees educational technology as having a wider connotation
than simply the use of electromechanical and other aids in teaching. it places as much
stress on educational ideas as on technological inventions, largely because it accepts
the fundamental advances usually come from the interaction of changing concepts
(leading to new ways of looking at things) with changing techniques(leading to new
ways of doing things)”.

5. OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology is the application of scientific knowledge about learning
to practical learning situation (J.Bloomer). There are many objectives for
Educational Technology like macro level and micro level objectives, objectives in
teachers view and students view etc. The major objectives of education technology
can be summarized as follows:
According to Hillard Jaison there are 4 major objectives of Educational
Technology in teachers view.
 Transmitting information
 Serving as role model
 Assisting the practice of specific skills
 Contribution to the provision of feed back
Mckenzie has stated the following major objectives with students as
focal points
 The need to reach out to maximum number of students
 To reach out to them with the improved range of learning
materials
 To offer greater opportunities for independent study
 To permit at least a limited student response
Objectives at Macro Level:
In the view of the broad educational goals, i.e. the macro level, the objectives of
educational technology can be listed in the following way:
 To identify educational needs and aspirations of the community.

6.  To determine the aims of education, broad strategies and structure of
education.
 To develop a suitable curriculum with interaction of science, art and human
values.
 To identify man-material resources and strategies for achieving stipulated
aims of education.
 To develop certain models leading to improvement of process of teaching
and learning.
 To develop the appropriate aids and equipments to meet the educational
purposes.
 To identify major constraints in the environment and the ways and means to
tackle those.
 To help in extending educational opportunities to the masses especially the
neglected section of the community.
 To manage the all educational system covering planning implementation and
evaluation phases.
Objectives at the Micro Level:
In the view of the specific classroom teaching, i.e. the micro level, the
objectives of educational technology are as follows:
 To identify and analyse the characteristics and educational needs of the
pupils.
 To determine the specific classroom objectives and state them in behavioural
terms
 To analyse the content of the instruction and organise in a proper sequence
 To identify the available teaching learning material and resources

7.  To identify the nature of the interaction of the subsystems like students,
teachers, teaching learning material, content of instruction and
methodologies.
 To plan the teaching strategies and utilise the man material resources for
achieving specific classroom objectives.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of classroom teaching in the terms of the
pupils performance or change in behaviour.
SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Scope of educational technology is as wide as education itself. Its scope ranges
from the concrete educational process to the most abstract and subtle once. It
includes use of hardware and software and system analysis in various system
operations. The possibilities of using educational technology in almost all areas of
education has been and being explored. There are three major areas in education in
which its copies very wide. These are:
 Technology related to general educational administration and management.
 Technology related to general educational testing.
 Technology related to the instructional process
Rawntra (1973) has stated the following as the proving of educational technologies
 Identify aims and objectives of learning
 Planning the learning environment
 Exploring and structuring the subject matter
 Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media.
 Evaluating the effectiveness of learning system
 Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness
for the future

8. IMPORTANT AREAS WHICH SHOULD COMPRISES
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
 Concept and variousfacts of educational
technology
 Teaching learning process
 Individualised instructional technology
 Programmed learning
 Teaching models
 Learning theories
 Multimedia approach to teaching.
 Mathetics
 Cybernetics
 Task analysis
 Module
 System approach

9. CONCLUSION
Educational Technology has very importance in the teaching learning process. It
influences the learner as well as the instructor in different ways. The objectives of
Educational Technology shows its significance in the educational process. The scope
of Educational Technology is tremendous and wide. With the use of technological
equipments we can enhance and improve our teaching learning process.Technology
refers to the techniques as also the technical contrivances. A systematic way of
applying the techniques to achieve an objective is as important as the use of technical
equipment for the same. As a matter of fact, techniques are reckoned as the software
and the equipment as the hardware of technology. Technology results in new designs
and devices as also new ideas and processes. Each new physical device is
accompanied by a new set of procedures and techniques. Hence Educational
Technology has very importance in the present era.

10. REFERENCE
1. Essentials of Educational Technology , S.K Mangal,Uma Mangal.
2. Teaching Learning Process, Dr. J. S Walia.
3. Essentials of Educational Technology, J.G Aggarwal,(2007) vikas
publications
WEB RESOURCES
http://eshore4u.blogspot.com
www.preservearticles.com