The document discusses the meaning, objectives, and scope of educational technology. It defines educational technology as the application of scientific principles to instruction and the use of technology in education to achieve learning objectives. The objectives and scope of educational technology include improving the teaching and learning process through tools like computers, software, and multimedia approaches at both the macro level of educational administration and the micro level of classroom instruction.

1. ASSIGNMENT
EDU03TECHNOLOGYANDCOMMUNICATIONIN
EDUCATION
TOPIC:MEANING,OBJECTIVESANDSCOPEOF
EDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGY
Submitted to, Submitted by,
Mary Jain Anjana R S
Assistant Professor B.Ed Geography
Emmanuel College Emmanuel College
Vazhichal Vazhichal

2. INTRODUCTION
Technology is the science or study of an art or skill. Naughton argues technology
can be considered in two ways, technology as thing and technology as social
process. Technologyof things is the application of scientific knowledge to
practical tasks by organisations that involves in men and machines. Technology of
social process is the application of scientific and other organised knowledge to
practical task by hierarchically ordered systems that involve men and machines. .
The word technology derived from Greek word technology and logia means
skill or art and science or study. Now this is the age of technology. Its influence is
being reflected in all productive endeavours, whether it be an industry or an
agricultural project. According to Hierra a technology is the set of instruments and
skills which are used to satisfy the needs of the community.
Educational technology is a wide field. Educational technology can be
considered either as a design science or as a collection of different research
interests addressing fundamental issues of learning, teaching and social
organisation. According to National Council of Educational Technology,
educational technology is the development, application and evaluation of system,
techniques and aids to improve the process ofhuman learning.
Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating
learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate
technological process and resources. As a field of educational technology
emphasizes communication skills and approaches to teaching and learning through
the judicious use and integration of diverse media. Scholars in the field examine
the uses of innovative media and technologies for education, examining all aspects
from direct student learning to management and impacts on institutions.
Educational technology seeks seek new and effective ways of organizing the
teaching and learning process through the best possible application of
technological developments.

3. MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
There are three views regarding the meaning of educational technology. First one
is the view of James O Finn and others for the audio visual education movement
and by the electronic communication industry. This refers to the application of
physical science and engineering technology to provide mechanical or electro-
mechanical tools, instrumentation or hardware which can be used for instructional
purpose. That is generally the use of equipment for presenting instructional
materials such as still and motion picture projectors, tape recorders, television,
teaching machines and computer based teaching.
The second view of Skinner Gagne and others refers to the application of
scientific principles to instruction. Here psychological principles are stressed.
The third and modern view of educational technology as described by Davis
and Hartley refers to education should be considered a system in which machines,
materials, media, men and methods are interrelated parts and are organised in such
a way as they work together for the fulfilment of specific educational objectives.
Educational technology, according to this view implies planning, implementing
and evaluating a system in education according to scientific principles so as to best
achieve the educational objectives.
WIDER MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
National council of educational technology report gives the wider meaning
of educational technology in these words it perhaps needs to be reiterated that the
Council sees educational technology as having a wider connotation than simply the
use of electro-mechanical and other aids in teaching. It places technological
inventions, largely because it accepts that fundamental advances usually come
from the interaction of changing concepts with changing techniques.
OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology, in the capacity of technology of educational,
provides valuable help in the total teaching learning process for achieving the

4. possible results in an economic way through the available human and non-human
resources. In the respect the major objectives of education technology are;
GENERALOBJECTIVES
According to Hillard Jason the following major objectives of
educational technology keeping the teachers in view;
1) Transmitting information.
2) Serving as role models.
3) Assisting the practice of developing specific skills.
4) Contribution to the provision of feedback.
5) Students as focal point.
According to Meckenzie and others the following major objectives
with student as focal point;
1) The need to reach out to maximum number of students.
2) To reach out to them with a improved range of learning materials.
3) To offer greater opportunities for independent study.
4) To permit at least a limited students response.
MACRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES
In the view of the educational goals that is macro level, the
objectives of educational technology can be listed in the following way;
1) To identify the need and aspirations of the community.
2) To determine the aims, objectives and the general structure of education.
3) To develop and integrated curriculum of arts, science and human values.
4) To identify and locate material resources and strategies for achieving the
decided aim of education.
5) To develop specific models of teaching to bring about an improvement in
the teaching learning process.
6) To design, modify and develop appropriate equipments or aids suitable or
relevant to the educational process.
7) To identify the latent environmental constraints and means to tackle them.

5. 8) To assist in providing vocational opportunities to the needy and deserving.
9) To manage the entire educational system consist of planning,
implementation and evaluation phases.
MICRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES
In view of specific classroom teaching that is the micro level, the
objectives of educational technology are as follows;
1) To identify the educational needs of the learner.
2) To access the characteristics of the student.
3) To determine and formulate classroomobjectives in behavioural terms.
4) To identify the necessary teaching learning material.
5) To identify the contents of instruction and organise them in a proper
sequence.
6) To predetermine the nature of interaction between subsystems that is
students, teachers, teaching learning materials, content and methodologies.
7) To identify human resources.
8) To plan out teaching strategies, models and methods as per the needs and
objectives.
9) To evaluate effectiveness of the teaching strategy interns of learning
outcomes that is behavioural changes in the students.
10) To provide appropriate feedbacks to students as well as teachers.
11) To modify the teaching learning process onthe basis of feedback
received.
SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Scopeof educational technology is a wide as education itself. Its scoperanges
from the concrete educational process to the most abstract and subtle ones. It
includes the use of hardware and software and system analysis in various
educational operations. There are three major areas in education in which its scope
is very wide. They are;
1) Technology related to general educational administration and management.
2) Technology related to general educational testing.
3) Technology related to instructional process.

6. Rowntra has stated the following as the province of educational technologists;
i. Identifying aim and objectives of learning.
ii. Planning the learning environment.
iii. Exploring and structuring the subject matter.
iv. Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media.
v. Evaluating the effectiveness of the learning system.
vi. Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness for
the future.
Important are which should comprise educational technology are as under;
i. Conceptand various facets of educational technology.
ii. Teaching learning process.
iii. Individualised instructional technology.
iv. Programmed learning.
v. Teaching models.
vi. Learning theories.
vii. Multimedia approachto teaching.
viii. Mathetics.
ix. Cybernetics.
x. Task analysis.
xi. Modules.
xii. Systems approach.
CONCLUSION
Educational technology, in the capacity of technology of educational, provides
valuable help in the total teaching learning process. Thus educational technology is
concerned with all variables, phases, levels, and aspects of the teaching learning
process. Itworks for over all planning and organisation of the system or subsystem
of education.

7. REFERENCES
1) Essentials of Educational Technology – J C Aggarwal, Vikas publishing
house Pvt Ltd.
2) Commerce Education – Dr K Sivarajan, E K Lal, Calicut University Central
Co-operatives Stores.
3) https://wikieducator.org>
4) www.publishyourarticles.net>education
5) https://www.scribd.com>