1. The document discusses the meaning, scope, and objectives of educational technology. It defines educational technology as the application of technology and scientific principles to improve teaching and learning. 2. The scope of educational technology is wide, encompassing instructional methods, educational administration, testing, and the integration of various media and resources into the learning process. 3. The objectives of educational technology are to improve the teaching and learning process by reaching more students with better learning materials and opportunities for independent study.

1. EDU 03 TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION IN
EDUCATION
TOPIC: MEANING, SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
Submitted to, Submitted by,
Mary Jain Jithin Raj V.T.K.
Assistant Professor B.Ed Geography
Emmanuel College of Emmanuel College of
B.Ed Training B.Ed Training
Vazhichal. Vazhichal.

2. INTRODUCTION
Educational technology is a concept of transforming the traditional book
teaching and learning to digital form. It is the use of both physical hardware,
software and educational theoretic to facilitate learning and improving performance
by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processesand resources.
It encompasses several domains including learning theory, computer based training,
online learning and where mobile technologies are used.
Educational technology is a wide field. Educational technology can be
considered either as a design science or as a collection of different research interests
addressing fundamental issues of learning, teaching, and social organization. As a
field Educational technology emphasizes communication skills and approaches to
teaching and learning through the judicious use and integration of diverse media.
Practitioners in Educational technology seek new and effective ways of organizing
the teaching and learning process through the best possible application of
technological developments.
CONTENT
MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
There are three different views regarding the meaning of Educational
Technology. As per the first view, Educational Technology refers to application of
technology to instrumentation useful to the process ofteaching. This is the view of
Finn and his colleagues. This view lays stress on the use of hardware in education.
According to the second view, Educational Technology refers to application of
scientific principles to instruction. This is the view of Skinner, Gagne and others.
This view emphasizes the application of psychological principles in learning. The
third view of Educational Technology as described by Davies and Hartley
incorporate both the first and second views through application of the systems
approach to education and training. According to this view, education should be
considered a system in which men, machines, methods, media and materials (5M’s)

3. are inter related and work together for the fulfilment of specific educational
objectives.
The National Council of Educational Technology gives the wider meaning of
Educational Technology in these words, “It is the development, application and
evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve the process of human
learning”. It places much stress on educational ideas as on technological inventions,
largely because it accepts that fundamental advances usually come from the
interaction of changing concepts with changing techniques.
SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational Technology aims to improve the teaching learning process. The
scope of educational technology encompasses educational objectives, media and
their characteristics, criteria for selection of media and resources, management of
resources, as well as their evaluation. Educational technology increases the output
of the entire system of education. It helps in optimizing educational outcomes with
cost effectiveness through efficient use of available resource including men and
materials. The possibility of using educational technology in almost all areas of
education has been and is being explored. There are three major areas in education
in which its scope is very wide. They are;
1. Technology related to general educational administration and management.
2. Technology related to general educational testing.
3. Technology related to instructional process.
Rowntra (1973) has stated the following as the province of educational
technologists:
 Identifying aims and objectives of learning.
 Planning and learning environment.
 Exploring and structuring the subject matter.
 Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media.
 Evaluating the effectiveness of the learning system.
 Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness for
the future.

4. Important areas which should comprise educational technology are as under:
 Concepts and various facts of educational technology.
 Teaching learning process.
 Individualised instructional technology.
 Programmed learning.
 Teaching models.
 Learning theories.
 Multimedia approach to teaching.
 Mathetics.
 Cybernetics
 Task analysis.
 Modules.
 System approach.
OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology is the application of scientific process to man’s learning
condition to what has comerecently. The major objectives of educational technology
are;
According to Hillard Jason the following major objectives of educational
technology keeping the teachers in view;
 Transmitting information.
 Serving as role models.
 Assisting the practice of developing specific skills.
 Contribution to the provision of feedback.
 Students as focal point.
According to Meckenzie and others the following major objectives with student
as focal point;
 The need to reach out to maximum number of students.
 To reach out to them with a improved range of learning materials.

5.  To offer greater opportunities for independent study.
 To permit at least a limited students response.
MACRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES (OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF
BROAD EDUCATIONAL GOALS)
 To identify the need and aspirations of the community.
 To determine the aims, objectives and the general structure of education.
 To develop and integrated curriculum of arts, science and human values.
 To identify and locate material resources and strategies for achieving the
decided aim of education.
 To develop specific models of teaching to bring about an improvement in the
teaching learning process.
 To design, modify and develop appropriate equipments or aids suitable or
relevant to the educational process.
 To identify the latent environmental constraints and means to tackle them.
 To assist in providing vocational opportunities to the needy and deserving.
 To manage the entire educational system consists ofplanning, implementation
and evaluation phases.
MICRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES (OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF SPECIFIC
CLASSROOM TEACHING)
 To identify the educational needs of the learner.
 To access the characteristics of the student.
 To determine and formulate classroom objectives in behavioural terms.
 To identify the necessary teaching learning material.
 To identify the contents ofinstruction and organise them in a propersequence.
 To predetermine the nature of interaction between subsystems that is students,
teachers, teaching learning materials, content and methodologies.
 To identify human resources.
 To plan out teaching strategies, models and methods as per the needs and
objectives.
 To evaluate effectiveness ofthe teaching strategy interns oflearning outcomes
that is behavioural changes in the students.

6.  To provide appropriate feedbacks to students as well as teachers.
 To modify the teaching learning process on the basis of feedback received.
CONCLUSION
Educational technology is an applied or practical study which aims at
maximizing educational effects by “controlling” such relevant factors such as
educational purposes, educational content, teaching materials, educational
environment, conduct of students, behaviour of instructors and interrelations
between students and instructors.
REFERENCES
 Essentials of educational technology – J C Aggarwal.
 Commerce Education: methodology of teaching and pedagogic.
analysis - Dr. K Sivarajan, Dr. K Lal.