EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

1. ASSIGNMENT
EDU - 03 TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION IN EDUCATION
TOPIC :MEANING , SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Submitted to, Submitted by,
Mary Jain Devika Nair
Assistant Professor 1st B.Ed Geography
Emmanuel College Emmanuel College
Vazhichal Vazhichal

2. INTRODUCTION
Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production
of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation.
Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded
in machines to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings. Systems
applying technology by taking an input, changing it according to the system’s use, and then
producing an outcome are referred to as technology systems or technological systems. The
simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. The prehistoric discovery
of how to control fire and the later Neolithic Revolution increased the available sources of food,
and the invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment.
Education technology is the use of both physical hardware , software, and educational theoretic
to facilitate learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate
technological processes and resources It encompasses several domains including learning theory,
computer – based training, online learning, and where mobile technologies are used, m-learning.
Accordingly, there are several discrete aspects to describing the intellectual and technical
development of educational technology.
Educational technology is a wide field. Educational technology can be considered either as a
design science or as a collection of different research interests addressing fundamental issues of
learning, teaching, and social organization. As a field Educational technology emphasizes
communication skills and approaches to teaching and learning through the judicious use and
integration of diverse media. Practitioners in Educational technology seek new and effective
ways of organizing the teaching and learning process through the best possible application of
technological developments.

3. MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology is an applied or practical study which aims at maximizing educational
effects by “controlling” such relevant factors such as educational purposes, educational content,
teaching materials, educational environment, conduct of students, behaviour of instructors and
interrelations between students and instructors.
There are three views regarding the meaning of educational technology.
The first view which may call Educational Technology 1(ET) refers to the application of
physical science and engineering technology to provide mechanical and electro-mechanical
tools, instrumentation or hardware which can be used for instructional purposes. This id the view
of James. O. Finn and others (1960) for the ‘audio-visual education’ movement and by the
electronic communication industry. In this sense , the reference is generally to the use of
equipment for presenting instructional material such as still and motion picture projectors, tape
recorders, television, teaching machines and computer – based teaching.
The second view which may call Educational Technology (ET2) refers to the application of
scientific to instruction. This is the view of Skinner, Gagne and others. Here psychological
principles of learning are stressed.
The third and modern view of Educational Technology (ET3) as described by Davis and Hartley
(1972), incorporates both ET1 and ET2, through application of a ‘system approach’ to education
and training. According to this view, education should be considered a system in which
machines, materials, media, men and methods are interrelated parts and are organized in such a
way as they work together for the fulfilment of specific educational objectives. Educational
technology, according to this view implies planning, implementation and evaluating a system in
education according to scientific principles so as to best achieve the educational objectives.
Wider Meaning of Educational Technology: The National Council of Educational Technology
Report – U.K. (1969) gives the wider meaning of educational technology in these words, “It
perhaps needs to be reiterated that the Council sees educational technology as having a wider
connotation than simply the use of electro mechanical and other aids in teaching.

4. SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Scope of educational technology is as wide as education itself. Its scope ranges from the concrete
educational process to the most abstract and subtle ones. It includes the use of hardware and
software and systems analysis in various educational operations. The possibility of using
educational technology in almost all areas of education has been and is being explored. There are
three major areas in education in which its scope is very wide. These are as follows.
1. Technology related to general educational administration and management.
2. Technology related to general educational testing.
3. Technology related to the instructional process.
Rawntra has stated the following as the province of educational technologies:
 Identifying aims and objectives of learning
 Planning the learning environment
 Exploring and structuring the subject – matter
 Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and learning media.
 Evaluating the effectiveness of the learning system.
 Using the insights gained from evaluation to improve their effectiveness for the future.
Important areas which should comprise educational technology are as under:
 Concept and various facts of educational technology
 Teaching – learning process
 Programmed learning
 Teaching models
 Learning theories
 Multimedia approach to teaching.
 Mathematics
 Cybernetics
 Task analysis
 Module
 Systems approach

5. OBJECTIVES OF EEDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
According to Hillard Jason the main objectives of educational technology are as follows:
 Transmission of information
 Serving as role models
 Assisting the practice of specific skills
 Contribution to the provision of feed-back.
Improving the quality of education, meeting the challenges of mass education, equalizing the
educational opportunity, improving life-long and continuing education, are some other important
objectives of educational technology.
McKenzie and others describe the following four main objectives of educational technology.
 To need to reach more students.
 To reach them with an improved range of learning materials
 To offer greater opportunities for independent study
 To permit at least a limited student response.
MACRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
(Objectives in terms of broad educational goals)
1. Identification of educational needs and aspirations of the community
2. Determination of the aims of education, broad strategies and structure of education
3. Developing a suitable curriculum with interaction of arts, human values and sciences.
4. Identification of man-material resources and strategies for achieving the desired aims of
education.
5. Developing certain models leading to improvement in the process of teaching – learning
6. Identification of major constraints in the environment and means to tackle them
7. Assisting in extending vocational opportunities to masses especially neglected sectors of
society.
8. Managing the entire educational system covering planning, implementation and
evaluation phases.

6. MICRO LEVEL OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
(Objectives in terms of specific class-room teaching)
1. Identifying and analysing the characteristics and educational needs of the students.
2. Determining the specific class-room objectives and stating them in behavioural terms
3. Analysing the contents of instruction and organising them in proper sequences.
4. Identifying the available teaching – learning material and resources.
5. Identifying the nature of the interaction of the sub-systems like students, teachers,
teaching-learning material, content of instruction and methodologies.
6. Evaluating the effectiveness of the class-room teaching in terms of the student’s
performance or change in behaviour.
7. Providing appropriate feedback to the students as well as teachers to bring modification
in the teaching-learning process.

7. CONCLUSION
Technology is making a positive impact on education overall. Blending of various learning
technologies, incorporating innovative ideas and techniques, along with the movement for
change and growth through enhancements; student achievement, openness and learning has been
effected. incorporating various elements, the ability to cut cost and gain improvement is also a
topic addressed and continuous to be a concern. “Education technology has been used to
stimulate more interactive teaching, inquiry – based learning, project – based learning, effective
grouping of students and cooperative learning. Contrary to the images and assumptions in most
of the education technology literature, educational technology’s primary impact on schools may
not be about improvements in learning or more efficient processing of students.
Technology is necessity in today’s world and the people must be ready for it. Parents want their
children to graduate with skills that prepare them to either get a job in today’s market place or
advance to higher levels of education and training. Employers hire employees who are reliable,
literate, able to reason, communicate, make decisions, and learn. The department of education
and other federal agencies recognize the essential role of technology in 21st century education.

8. REFERENCES
 Aggarwal, J.C. Essentials of Educational Technology. Vikas Publications.
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org>
 https://millerjeremiah.weebly.com
 https://tech.ed.gov>
 https://wikieducator.org
 itecideas.pbworks.com>
 members.aect.org>edtech
 Sure Success Series. PN Publications