Android is a mobile operating system created by Google that runs on devices from smartphones and tablets to TVs and watches. It was developed to be open source and prevent vendor lock-in. Key aspects of Android include its Linux kernel base, versions over time like Android A through K, and ability to run on various devices through custom interfaces. The OS also allows for app development through languages like Java and access to device hardware. While Android powers many functions and devices, limitations still exist around screen sizes, battery life, and network access.