Android is an open source operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. It allows manufacturers to customize the OS for their devices and provides developers with an open platform to create applications. Some key points about Android include that it is built on top of the Linux kernel, uses the Dalvik virtual machine, and has a modular structure with core applications and system libraries. The open nature of Android has made it highly customizable and scalable, contributing to its rapid growth and adoption worldwide across various device types.

2. What Is A Mobile?
It is a wireless communications device.
What is a smartphone?
Wireless Communications Device
+Productivity
+Multimedia

3. What Does A Mobile Need To
Become Smart?
Something which will dynamically
control its hardware and provide
features and customizations as per
the requirements of the user.
An Operating System
Operating
System
Hardware
User

4. Previous Attempts At Making An Operating
System
• Adopted by Nokia and
others, brought many of the early
consumer level smartphones
• OS developed for Personal Digital
Assistants(PDA) Optimized
touchscreen based GUI
• Designed by Research In
Motion(RIM) for enterprise level
consumers
• Designed by Microsoft for Pocket
PCs, attempted in unifying desktop
and smartphone experience

5. Why Did These Systems Fail?
• Inability to keep up with the developments in the
hardware
• No standards- fragmentation problem for developers
• General user experience suffered
• High costs
Software
Hardware

6. The Open Handset Alliance
• Group Of 84 Companies - The hardware and software makers
• A commitment to openness, a shared vision for the future,
and concrete plans to make the vision a reality
• Develops standards for android

7. Visions Of The Open Handset Alliance
• Building a better phone for consumers
• Innovating in the open
• Making the vision a reality
-Because We Want More…!!
-Because Sharing Is Caring…
-Because We Are Not Building
Castles In The Air..!!

8. Philosophy Behind Creation Of Android
• Open
• All applications are created equal
• Breaking down application boundaries
• Fast & easy application development
• The source code can be viewed,
copied, edited and shared
• All applications have access to
every feature of the device
• Reusability Of Code
• Strong developer support
backbone

9. Early Years Of Android
• Andy Rubin founded Android in 2003
• Google bought the company in 2005
• The Open Handset Alliance Unveiled itself in 2007
• First device running android – the HTC Dream was
released in 2008
• Google launched the Nexus series of devices in 2010

10. Overview Of Features In Android
• Runs on top of the Linux kernel
• Powerful Security Structure
• Portability
• Utilization of hardware to its full potential
• Modular Applications Framework
• User Interface can be customized in various ways
Linux Security Structure
+ Hardware Development
+ Portability
Linux + Modular Applications Framework + Customization
Android

11. Advantages Of Open Source Software
• Lower total cost of ownership
• Reduced dependence on software vendors
• Easier to customize
• Higher level of security

12. Why Choose The Linux Kernel?
• Open Source
• Huge developer network already in place
• Cross architecture development
• Years of development has made it stable and secure
Open Source
= Developer Network
= Ported To Various Platforms

13. Full Customization
Developers have code
People have ideas
Developers implement ideas

14. Security Features In Android
Every application runs in a virtual box
Every application needs user
permission to access system services
Please let me in..!!You don’t have
permission

15. Modular Applications Framework
Reuse of inbuilt and other
application components
-No need to rewrite code for the
same application again
Application files and its data stored on different
partitions

16. The Android Architectural Structure

17. The Kernel Level - Linux
• Responsible for interaction with hardware
• Drivers and modules controlling the hardware are implemented
here
• Provides process, memory, network, security management

18. • Surface Manager
• Media Framework
• SQLite
• WebKit
• OpenGL
Android Native System Libraries

19. Android Runtime
• Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Core Java Libraries

20. Applications
Application Framework
• Activity Manager
• Content Providers
• Telephony Manager
• Location Manager
• Resource Manager

21. Applications
• Makes use of various services provided by lower layers
• User interaction takes place here
• Android makes it possible to share “Activities”
between applications

22. The Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Responsible for running applications on Android
• It Is Open Source
• Features a powerful garbage collection mechanism
• Uses a subset of the Apache Harmony Library
• Runs multiple instances of itself efficiently
• Relatively small in size

23. True Application Integration In Android
• Ability to set a different application as default for a
particular functionality, even for the core features
• No partiality towards developers- every app has access
to the same set of libraries and API that the core system
applications have

24. Soft Buttons In Android
• Physical buttons are replaced with on-screen “soft buttons”
• Hide when not required, such as while playing a movie
• Rotate when the screen is rotated
• Screen size can be expanded without compromising the size of
the phone

25. Rooting Of Devices
• Gives user control over android’s subsystem
• Offers features that the manufacturer gives at a cost
• Possibility of installing custom firmware
• Voids device warranty

26. Android Versions
Named after deserts
Android version 1.5: Cupcake
Android version 1.6: Donut
Android version 2.0: Eclair
Android version 2.2: Frozen Yogurt (Froyo)
Android version 2.3: Gingerbread
Android version 3.0: Honeycomb
Android version 4.0: Ice Cream Sandwich
Android version 4.1: Jelly Bean
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A B C D E F G H I J

27. Android 1.x
• Initial version of android
• Support for rotational sensors and basic
telephony and communication
• Support for gestures
• Text-To-Speech engine

28. Android 2.x
• Multiple Account Sync
• USB tethering and WiFi hotspot
• Support for Adobe Flash
• Native support for more sensors like NFC

29. Android 3.x
• Optimized for tablets
• New “Holographic” user interface
• Support for multi-core processors
• Support for USB accessories

30. Android 4.x
• Introduced software buttons
• Face Unlock feature
• Hardware Acceleration in the UI
• Project Butter (VSync, Tripple Buffering)

31. Current Distribution Of Android Versions

32. Android Play Store
• Previously Known As Android market
• Unifying productivity and multimedia at one place
• Movies, TV Shows, Music, Applications and Games,
Books and Magazines all can be viewed or purchased
at the Play Store

33. One Step Closer To Cloud Computing
• The store maintains a list of all things purchased
from the store
• Multiple devices can be added to an account
• Even if the data on device is erased, it can be
restored through the store

34. Play Store: The Security Features
• Bouncer- The Automatic malware search and removal service
• Application redirecting to sites, sending sms or email without
the user’s consent are banned
• Application Encryption

35. Play Store Statistics
• 25 Billion app downloads
• 675 Thousand Applications and Games
• Operating in 190 countries 132 of which support
purchasing of applications

36. Future of android
• A million Android devices are sold everyday
• Many new and existing device manufacturers are
switching towards Android as their primary OS
• Android has more than 50% of the smartphone market
share

37. Android’s Expanding Device Presence
• Android’s customizable nature has made it possible to port
it to various devices
• These devices include laptops, eBook readers, televisions,
CD/DVD players, cameras, wristwatches etc.
• Google’s Project Glass which is a augmented reality device
uses android

38. Android Powers NASA’s New Satellites
• NASA aims to launch multiple small satellites called
“PhoneSats”
• Android devices such as the HTC Nexus One and the
Samsung Galaxy Nexus S were chosen for this
purpose
• These devices are feature rich as well as cost effective
• NASA believes that commercial devices may provide
better abilities than custom designed hardware

39. Android proved to be a powerful platform for
everyone.
Its rise to power in such a small time is credited mainly
to the fact that it is open source.
When many people all over the world get involved in a
project, there’s going to be a flow of different ideas
and when we funnel these ideas to a organized
system, a culture which knows no boundaries is born
…and…
A DREAM IS MADE
REALITY

40. Any Questions?
Presentation Designed By:
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Chandan Varadkar
Ravi Varu
Sachin Vernekar
Siddhesh Wadekar
Disha Wagle
Saurabh Wahile
Ravishankar Yadav
Rajaram Yadav