This document provides an abstract and contents for a paper on Android. The abstract states that Android is an open-source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications. It was developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. The contents section lists topics that will be covered, including the Open Handset Alliance, an introduction to Android, why Android was created, the Android architecture, and development tools.

1. Patel Dilip A. (110403107014)
Modh Dhruv N. (110403107016)
B.E. 5th Sem CE-1
Computer Department
Sankalchand Patel college of Engineering

2. Abstract...
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating
system, middleware and key applications.
Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices
based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open
Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like
language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support
programs developed in native code.
The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was
announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34
hardware ,software and telecom companies devoted to advancing
open standards for mobile devices.

3. Contents...
Open Handset Alliance
Introduction To Android
Why Android Was Created?
Android Architecture
Development Tools
Conclusion

4. Open Handset Alliance…
The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a business alliance that was created
for the purpose of developing open mobile device standards. The OHA has
approximately 80 member companies, including HTC, Samsung, Intel, Motorola,
Qualcomm and Google. The OHA's main product is the Android platform - the
world's most popular Smartphone platform

6. Introduction to Android…
 A complete & modern embedded operating system.
A world-class software stack for building applications.
An open platform for developers, users &industry.

7. Why Android Was Created?
 For full phone software stack including applications.
 Designed as a platform for software development.
 Communities Support.
100% Java Phone.
For better Security.
 We can reduce redundancy.

8. Architecture

9. Linux Kernel
Android relies on Linux kernel 2.6 for core system Services such as
security, memory management, process management, network management,
and driver model.
The kernel is also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware
and the rest of the software stack.

10. Runtime
Every android application runs in its on process, with its own Dalvik
virtual machine.
Dalvik has been written so that device can run multiple VM s
efficiently. In java we are using JVM but here DVM.
Dalvik VM takes the generated Java class files and combines them
into one or more Dalvik Executable (.dex) files. It reuses duplicate
information from multiple class files, effectively reducing the space
requirement (uncompressed) by half from a traditional .jar file.

11. Libraries
Libc : c standard lib.
WebKit : Kernel of web browser
SQLite : Embedded database
Media Framework: Core part of Android multi-media
OpenGL | ES: 3D image engine
SGL: 2D image engine
SufraceManager: Manage difference windows for different applications
FreeType: Bitmap and Vector

12. Application Framework
Activity Manager:
Interact with the overall activities running in the system.
Content Provider:
A content provider is only required if you need to share data
between multiple applications.
Notification manager:
Class to notify the user of events that happen. This is how
you tell the user that something has happened in the background.
Package Manager:
Class for retrieving various kinds of information related to the
application packages that are currently installed on the device.

13. Telephony Service:
Provides access to information about the telephony services on
the device.
Window Manager:
The interface that apps use to talk to the window manager.
Location Manager :
This class provides access to the system location services.

14. Any Questions????