Ancient Chinese Music History

Ancient Chinese Music History
Chinese music is referred to as the art form of organized vocal and instrumental sounds that have been orchestrated in China. Chinese music is one of
the oldest and most highly developed of all known musical systems in the entire world. Different forms of music have been recorded in ancient
Chinese documents dating back to the earlier periods of Chinese civilization that have provided evidence of a well–developed and functioning musical
culture as early as the Zhou Dynasty. These continued to develop into various forms of music through the dynasties that followed the Zhou Dynasty
producing the very rich heritage of music that is present in the Chinese culture today. Chinese music continues to grow and evolve in the modern times,
and more newfangled forms have also emerged. Archaeological research conducted indicates that music culture developed in China during a very early
period of civilization. During disinterring efforts in Jiahu Village in Wuyang County, Henan found bone flutes dated back to 8,000 years ago. Clay
music instruments called Xun, estimated to be 6,000 years old have also been discovered in the Hemudu sites in Zhejiang and Banpo in Xi'an. During
the Zhou Dynasty, a formal system of court and ceremonial music that was later termed Yayue which means elegant music was established. The word
music "Yue" in ancient China can also refer to dance as a form of music. Dance was considered an essential part of music during ancient times. Six
Dynasty music held the most
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Chinese History: HawthorneВґs Chinese Heritage Essay
1.Introduction (outline the theme and why) Welcome on this walking tour that explores Hawthorn's Chinese heritage. This tour will take you to places
where Chinese migrants have lived and worked in the suburb since the 19th century till today. Chinese formed a tiny fraction of residents in Hawthorn
in the 19th and 20th century, but today make up a significant proportion of residents, as they do in many other Melbourne suburbs. There are no
physical traces of the early Chinese residents in the landscape, and their presence is only verified by a smattering of entries in old trade registers,
census documents and newspaper articles. Today, however, we easily take for granted the presence of Chinese in Hawthorn without contemplating who
they... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As gold on the goldfields became scarcer, they began to move into the towns and cities around 1870. The Little Bourke street area became the
residential, social and economic centre for many early Chinese migrants, however, there were a few who lived and worked in Melbourne's suburbs
such as Hawthorn. Ah Fain was recorded in a Victorian Census in 1863 as leasing a two–room hut and eight acres of land, presumably for market
gardening. There is no record of Lee Ting did for a living or where his house was. The Chinese community in Hawthorn remained very small
throughout the 19th and 20th century, and from three residents in 1863, it grew to just 70 in a suburb of 21000 residents in 1901. 3.Sun on Laundry .
Walk down Auburn Road till you come to Burwood Road. Just to your left, 631 Burwood Road was the site of a Chinese laundry for forty–eight years,
first named San Yick, then Fung Lee, then lastly Gung Lee Goon Laundry which closed in 1948. This was not the only site with a Chinese laundry in
Hawthorn, and there were at least 20 different sites between 1891 and 1958, mostly along the main thoroughfares of Burwood and Glenferrie Road.
From the 1850, to 1870s the number of Chinese in Victoria began to decline and with them, Chinese community life and employment opportunities.
These changes spurred the Chinese who remained to adapt and make a living as gardeners, launderers, craftsmen , labourers and domestic

History Of Tcm And Traditional Chinese Medicine
HISTORY OF TCM REFLEXOLOGY THROUGHOUT TIME
Jacqueline Anne Clinkard
CCATCCM – TCM Reflexology
HISTORY OF TCM REFLEXOLOGY THROUGHOUT TIME
Ancient China has a history of foot therapy; in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) the feet have held symbolical importance for both spiritual and
physical well–being for many centuries in the Orient.
Many Civilizations have practiced Reflexology. Evidence of this has been documented on four continents, Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. The
most common theory is that the earliest form of reflexology originated in China as much as 5,000 years ago. Part of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM), Chinese Reflexology is the ancient art of working pressure points on the feet, hands and ears that correspond to different parts of the body. The
Chinese are also known to have used Reflexology in conjunction with acupuncture. Dr. Wong–Wei, a Chinese Doctor in the fourth century BC evidently
used to position acupuncture needles in the patient's bodies and then apply very firm pressure with his thumbs to the soles of their feet. This pressure
was maintained for several minutes until the desired therapeutic effects were achieved. Dr. Wong–Wei maintained that as the pressure was applied and
held healing energy was released into the patient's body.
Reflexology traveled across India, Japan, Asia and China. Many changes took place in Zone Therapy or Reflexology. Early evidence of Chinese
Reflexology dates back to

Chinese History : A Old Language
In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, the earliest characters was nearly 4000 years ago. Chinese characters evolved into different writing forms in
its long development history, such as the seal character, official script, regular script and running script.
China 's earliest writing was pictographic, the aesthetic of calligraphy was based on pictographicпјЊ gradually developed to structure and outline.
The main form of expression in calligraphy includes true, line, seal, scribe and regular script. The scribe and regular script reflect static beauty, which
is displayed in quite a comprehensive and complete way. While seal strokes, official script reflect the inner emotion in calligraphy, which can be
abstracted and sublimed into a dynamic beauty.
China is one of the world 's first country to make currency, which contains shellfish, cloth–shaped money, Knife–shaped money, circular–shapes money.
Since ancient times, emperors paid a lot attention on calligraphy which would used on coins. Many characters on the coins were written by the
emperor or some famous calligraphers.
Ancient Chinese coins reflects Oracle, seal script, Xiao Zhuan, running script, regular script calligraphy clearly and comprehensively. Due to ancient
emperors devoted particular care to calligraphy on the coins, many characters were written by the emperor or well–known calligraphers. Thus, the
history of ancient currency is the best resources for study Chinese calligraphy.
Item 7 Balance scale

Chinese Immigrants Essay
Chinese Americans have arrived to the United States through three waves of immigration. The journey of immigrating to the United States consisted of
many obstacles and hardships. Chinese Americans have been in this country for centuries, and still remain one of the smallest minority minorities. To
this day, they are still perceived as foreigners in the eyes of other Americans, and have been victimized for their successes. To gain a deeper
understanding of Chinese immigration, we must look at the Chinese American experience of immigrant jobs, exclusion and discrimination, and the
model minority stereotype. The first wave of Chinese immigrants arrived during the gold rush era. These immigrants were mostly young men that
found work as "ploughmen, laundrymen, placer miners, woolen spinners and weavers, domestic servants, cigar makers, shoe makers, and railroad
builders" (Lee 71). Many immigrants came during this period because the United States provided economic opportunities these immigrants were
seeking. For others, coming the United States meant achieving the "Gold Mountain Dream," which was to earn money and return back home rich
(Lee 66). Chinese workers also ran their own business. The two most common were laundries, and restaurants which were considered "women's
work" because these were typically tasks done by women at home (Lee 75). However, laundry owners faced harsh realities since they worked and slept
in the same place and "rarely left the premises because

The Dynasty Of Chinese History Essay
The Six Dynasty period in Chinese historiography is often classified with moments of conflict, revolt, strife, famine, disunity, and not innovation.
Historians and academics categorize the period as a placeholder between the more significant Han China–206 BCE to 220 CE–and the Tang
dynasty–618 to 907 CE. Understandably, Han China's military, infrastructure, and civil capabilities were rivalled only by that of the Roman Empire,
and even then, the Han dynasties administrative capabilities were rivalled by none. The Tang period is widely considered to be the high point of
Chinese culture and civilization, where cosmopolitan China emerged with force vastly shaping China for centuries to come. The significance of the
Han and Tang dynasties is not in question, it is the lack of importance that historians confer on theSix Dynasties period. Admittedly the Six Dynasty
period in Chinese history can be categorized as a warring period, in which China did not develop unilaterally, but separately along fractured lines (split
both north–south, and east–west). Much like the European medieval period, there are few accessible sources from early–medieval china, and because
of this, China's six dynasty period is brushed over as a period of little advancement and innovation. The "Dark Ages" in Europe use to receive the same
scholarly interpretation as a period of stagnation.
Agreeably a topic of righting historical wrongs is too large for too few pages, as such, the scope of this paper is not

Chinese Prostitutes in the 1900s Essay
Chinese Prostitutes in the 1900s
In California, between 1850's to the Chinese Exclusion Act, most of the Chinese women who came to San Francisco were either slaves or indentured.
They were often lured, kidnapped or purchased and forced to work as prostitutes at the brothels which is run by secret society of the Tongs of San
Francisco. Chinese prostitutes also were smuggled and had worked at the Chinatown brothels in the Comstock Mines in Nevada. Chinese prostitutes
were commonly known as prostitutes of the lowest order. "Both outcast slatterns and Asian slaves stood at the edge of the irregular marketplace, far
more socially stigmatized than ordinary prostitutes."
The demand for Chinese prostitutes in California was primarily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The members enriched themselves at the expense of the girls and their customers."
Chinese prostitutes were almost always imported as indentured servants or mui jai. The women were usually between the ages of 16 to 25. Mui jai
were girls who had been sold into domestic service or labor by their poor parents. Their owners were expected to provide them with food and housing
and to match them with husband when they become of age. But some were sold by their masters in China for $70 to $150 and then resold in America
for $350 to $1,000 or more. It was a wholesale and retail operation. Like the price of merchandise, the price of prostitutes fluctuated depending upon
supply and demand. During the times of war and famine in Chines, when there was an increase in the sale of daughters, prices dropped. Prices rose in
the United States whenever stringent laws were passed to suppress Chinese prostitution.
An estimated 85 percent of the Chinese women in San Francisco were prostitutes in 1860, 71 percent in 1870, and 21 percent in 1880. "At the time of
the Spanish–American war there were over 400 singsong girls in the Chinese Quarter. Yet they could not keep up with the city–wide demand for their
services, much less fill the requirements of the State at large. The disreputable houses, together with gambling dens, constituted a firm economic base
for the fighting tongs."
Upon their arrival in San Francisco, these young Chinese women were

The Transnational History of a Chinese Family
Life as an Immigrant Beginning in the late 19th century and continuing to the early 20th century, many Chinese families struggled to gain social,
economic, and educational stature in both China and the United States. In the book, A Transnational History of a Chinese Family, by Haiming Liu, we
learn about the Chang family rooted in Kaiping County, China, who unlike many typical Chinese families' exemplified hard–work and strong cultural
values allowing them to pursue an exceptional Chinese–American lifestyle. Even with immigration laws preventing Chinese laborers and citizens to
enter unless maintaining merchant status, Yitang and Sam Chang managed to sponsor approximately 40 relatives to the states with their businesses in
herbalist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These relationships he would later be able utilize in testimony when helping his family migrate to the U.S, a key role in the economic success of the
businesses. Like we discussed in lecture, most Chinese immigrants were laborers and did not receive many pleasant encounters with white men.
Although Yitang was seen by many Americans as a valuable Chinese immigrant, he and his family members still received discrimination other
immigrants had to face. Their thriving asparagus farm did not have as many social benefits as the herbalist business did, but the farm was their main
source of income, and with this they were able to provide for their families while living transnationally.
Once the Chang family moved into Los Angeles and had their herbalist shop and asparagus farm under way, they realized the need for more laborers.
In order to support their wives and kids with groceries, clothing, and education, the Chang's needed to find the cheapest labor possible while still
establishing the farm as a business that could support their income. The cheapest laborers were relatives, and they were for the most part thankful to
come and work for Yitang, even if it was not their ideal working situation. One frustration Sam expressed in the book that may correlate to the
continuing poor treatment and vision of the Chinese, is that within the Chinese workforce, most hard–working laborers in the railroad, farming,
mining, and

"Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the...
Barth, Gunter Paul in his book "Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850–1870" depicts the life of Chinese immigrants
during the periods of 1850–1870. Barth portrays the experience that the Chinese went through at the Pearl River delta in China to get to the United
States and there arrival here in California. Beginning in the mid–19th century, Chinese immigration to America was influenced by both the "pull" of
California's Gold Rush and the""push" created by China's impoverished conditions. Years of drought, floods, disease, and famine ravaged China, a
country already burdened with over–population and internal instability. European and American exploits into the region further exacerbated China's
economic,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regimented labor guaranteed the merchant–creditors a constant return on their investment in the indentured emigrants. The sojourners' domiant
concern in their new environment was survival, not liberty. "Bitter strength," the literal translation of the Chinese term "k'uli" for these laborers,
suggests the dimensions of the sojourners' experience." (Barth 3) Barth point of view is very broad, which I think is very good for a book like this.
Barth writes very well and is an easy reading. He points out his entire references well and shows great knowledge of what he writes about in his book.
Yet, Barth's concept of America is all wrong. Barth interprets history according to an ideological outline and America must fit in some idealized
political framework. As a result, his view of "America" and "American culture" represents the Chinese as victims. ."..the concentration of human misery
also stimulated humanitarian attempts to alleviate the conditions by bringing the Chinese into the realm of American cultures." (Barth 191) The
Chinese were not victims; He sees that the hatred for the Chinese was on the sojourners' who could not adapt to the American culture by giving up their
culture, not for racist grounds. Anti–Semitism is a result of cultural prejudice not for racist reasons. I believe that the Jews were victimized for cultural
reasons; because of this the author assumes that the

China: Then and Now Essay
The Chinese dynastic system was highly admired for its vast structural integrity which allowed it to persevere for more than two millennia. The Xia
Dynasty was the first recorded dynasty in Chinese history, founded by a man named Shun who renounced his throne to his trusted official Yu. Rather
than pass the power to someone qualified for the position, Yu then entrusted the Dynasty to his son Qi, setting the precedence for the Dynastic rule. 1
This ushered in the Hereditary System which was followed by many dynasties to come. Under the hereditary system the power was passed down
through the family members. This system also had an added benefit of ensuring stability and continuity within the nation's infrastructure.2
However in the later ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the rulers began to do poorly, Heaven was believed to show their depreciation with natural disasters. Upon the observation of these signs, the nobles
would overthrow the current Dynasty which would be followed by another that was believed to have obtained the lost Mandate from the previous
tyrannical rulers. 6
The cycle of rulers followed this trend, summarizing the succession of dynasties in early China. In essence, the belief in the Mandate of Heaven
empowered the success of the dynastic system, instilling stability of infrastructure where stability was lost through riots and the inability of the rulers.7
This stability among the Chinese people even allowed the successful control of China under alien peoples.8
The Mongols, an ethnic group north of China, successfully ruled the Chinese for many years by conquering their dynasties with brute force. The first
major Mongolian dynasty was referred to as the Yuan Dynasty, prevalent from 1264 to 1368.9 However, Mongolian rule over the Chinese citizens was
not maintained through the same aggressiveness they used to first conquer them. The Mongols understood that in order to have control within an alien
country, they must adopt some of the established customs. They not only accepted and incorporated Chinese customs

The Chinese Exclusion Act Of 1882 And Its Influence In...
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and Its Influence in History
Benedict Pursell; Ms. O'Connell's Class; Period 6
Introduction
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was a U.S. congressional act with a profound impact on American society and the world. It was introduced by
California Senators to deter Chinese immigration to the United States. They were under immense pressure from their constituents and many white
American citizens in other states to put forth this act. These citizens believed that the rapid influx of cheap Chinese laborers would dominate the
industry and take over their jobs, and wanted that threat to be terminated. This political climate, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, and the many
related acts following it, would influence the United States, China, and the rest of Asia greatly during that time, and even for centuries to come.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was influential in history because of its negative effect on US–China relations, how it unfairly discriminated
against Chinese laborers, and because of its major role in establishing the current United States quota system. The harm done to US–China relations is
evidenced by a plethora of political documents, statements from politicians, and the American attempt to make amends during World War II. Unfair
discrimination against immigrated Chinese workers was obvious during that time because the laborers did not have a fair chance in the capitalist
business world, and were greatly prejudiced by the

Empress Dowager Cixi: Famous Women In Chinese History
Empress Dowager Cixi / Tzu–hsi is often considered as one of the most powerful although infamous women in Chinese history. As a female in the
male–dominated Chinese history, she was able to access most of the power of Qing government and fully utilized her power as a concubine. Behind
the curtains, she was able to effectively rule the Chinese government for forty–seven years. There have been many different views towards her. The
majority of people in China believe her as the significant culprit who led to Qing government to collapse and a traitor, while other views include her as
a merciful ruler and the creator of modern china. This essay will analyse the personality of Cixi through the different perspectives from Chang, Bland
and Backhouse. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In her book of <> (2013), she turns over the conventional view of Cixi as a diehard conservative and cruel despot. Chang see Cixi is the one who
"brought medieval China into the modern age". In the traditional education for Chinese women, the majority of women were only educated with how
to become a virtuous wife and a good mother, but were illiterate (Lee 1998). As a Manchu, Cixi learned to read and write Han (Chinese) by
self–education. Chang writes that because Cixi was the only women who could read and write Han in the harem, the weak and sick Emperor
Xianfeng always dictated his decisions to Cixi and she would scribe his report. Occasionally, the emperor would ask of her opinion on political affairs
(p30) in which Chang believes this give Cixi an access to

Chinese Exclusion Act Of 1882
The 1848 Gold Rush fueled American prosperity in California, causing the impoverished Chinese to seek employment opportunities in the United
States. Americans, however, did not welcome them. During the Panic of 1873, after the Gold Rush ended, competition for jobs became fierce. The
jobs were mostly given to Americans. Out of desperation, the Chinese workers agreed to work for less salary than their American counterparts.
Consequently, union workers rose up for their rightful jobs. With pressure from unions and anti–Chinese organizations, Congress passed the Chinese
Exclusion Act of 1882, which banned Chinese immigrants from entering the country for decades. The Act stated that any Chinese immigrant "found
unlawfully" in the country... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prospect of forging a new path and life in America outweighed the small price of the tax. Immigrants coming to Canada could remain there without
paying the head tax if they left within ninety days. While the Act was enforced, the number of Chinese immigrants entering Canada and later into the
United States increased. To the south, the Mexican border was also penetrable. The Mexican border was too long, and with the absence of large
towns, even the newly created China Division in the Immigrations Service was unable to patrol the area. Either the Chinese disguised themselves as
Mexicans to cross the border, or they saved up money in Mexico and later smuggled their way into the United States. The Chinese Six Companies (the
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association of San Francisco) was instrumental in helping to set up a network of trade for Chinese Immigrants to
gain transportation and get across the borders. In total, about 17,000 Chinese immigrants entered the United States through Canada and Mexico from
1882 to 1920. Chinese immigrants entered the country from Seattle, Buffalo, San Diego, San Antonio, and El Paso, as well as other openings along
the borders of the United States. The government simply could not protect their borders from crafty immigrants. Secretary of Labor, James David,
acknowledged this point when he said, "If we had the whole army guarding the Mexico and Canadian waterfront, we could not stop this invasion by
infiltration." The

Madame Chiang Kai-Ling : One Of The Most Influential Women...
Soong May–ling, otherwise known as Madame Chiang Kai–Shek, was a one of the most powerful and prominent female leaders of the 20th century
due to her contributions to China's relations to the United States, leader of all government–affiliated women's organizations and all of her other
philanthropic efforts. This research essay will discuss and consist of supporting evidence to support the notion that Madame Chiang Kai–Shek was one
of the most influential women in Chinese history, and will also include her background information and personal history.
Born Soong May–ling on March 5, 1897 in Shanghai, into one of the most dominant and influential families in China who were involved in finance
and politics ; May–ling along with her two sisters and two brothers were raised in a Christian household and she was educated in The United States
from ages 10–19. She attended her elder sisters' alma mater, Wesleyan College in Georgia, but transferred and graduated from Wellesley College in
Boston, Massachusetts in 1917 with a major in English literature and minor in philosophy, including honours and academic distinctions in both
subjects. Her brother T.V. Soong, was a prominent industrialist and official of the Nationalist Chinese government. May
–ling and her two sisters,
Ai–ling and Ching–ling, married very important and powerful men during the pre–second world war in China. Her eldest sister married China's finance
minister, H.H Kung and her other sister married Dr.Sun Yat–Sen, who

Qin Shi Huangdi's In Chinese History
Shi Huangdi was debatably one of the best leader's in chinese history. He had several technological advancements, especially in the architectural area.
He built so many things that helped improve the Qin empire, and China as a whole. Also what makes him impressive is that he was only thirteen when
he began ruling the Qin dynasty! (Nowadays a thirteen yearold's biggest accomplishment is one thousand social media followers). Qin Shi Huangdi
made a huge impact on China's technology because he executed all of his ideas in a good manner, such as architectural ideas, his military mentality, and
his national standards.
One of shi huangdi's best technological advancement was architecture. Shi huangdi

The Importance of Geography to Chinese History
For thousands of years, Chinese culture thrived and grew to become it's own superpower, and for many years this was unknown to the rest of the
world. Great geographic influences included the treacherous mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, and the prosperous river valleys, such as the
Yangtze and the Huang he. Lack of cultural diffusion is primarily due to the fact thatChina, for hundreds of years, had little to no outside contact or
cultural diffusion with other civilizations of that time. The culprit behind this lack of interaction is primarily China's many mountain ranges. These
massive mountains, such as the Himalayas, provided for a dangerous and unkind terrain, and therefore trade and most contact with others was inhibited
("Himalayas"). Despite the lack of outside influence, China and it's people were actually quite prosperous. One aid in their economic prosperity was
their agricultural produce and domestic trade. China's agricultural society was actually a thriving one mainly due to their fertile land, which is do to
their river valleys. These rivers, such as the Yangtze and the Huang he rivers, deposited silt known as loess, onto the soil that was full of nutrients, and
the land then became fertile (Perkins 4). These rivers not only expanded upon the agricultural output, but they also created an easy route for
transportation and trade throughout the empire ("Yangtze River"). These simple aspects of the Chinese culture in retrospect, played some of the most

Tang Dynasty Achievements
Humans have made huge accomplishments throughout history. Many of these accomplishments have changed the world. Some of these
accomplishments have come from dynasties and empires that wanted to expand their knowledge and ideas. Some of these things have affected other
civilizations after them and some didn't have that much of an impact. A lot of these achievements and accomplishments are basic things in our
everyday lives that these civilizations have took time and effort to come up with. AncientChina has been one of the numerous places that have made
accomplishments. Many ancient Chinese dynasties have accomplished many things that have affected the world. The Tang dynasty's accomplishments
in art, farming, gunpowder, and literature have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many civilizations made accomplishments in farming but the Tang's accomplishments were very important. One of the biggest advancements in
farming was the three field system. The three field system was a system in the Tang dynasty where everyone gets enough arable land to farm and
produce food for themselves. This was important because it allowed every family to have a food and it prevented the very wealthy people from
buying up all of the land. In other dynasties and empires, rich people buying all of the land was a major problem. The Tang wanted to avoid this
because they knew the outcome of having a rich people controlling all of the farming land. The middle class and poor people wouldn't be able to
live and the economy would be very bad. This system gave people land according to their needs. For example, older people and widows got less
land than a man with a family. (Theobald, 2015) Every adult male was allowed eighty mu, which was a measurement of land, old and sick people
were allowed forty mu, widows received thirty mu, and lower class merchants and craftsmen got ten mu. This system benefited the economy because
since everyone had enough food, they could specialize in their own crafts like blacksmithing and art. Another benefit from the food surplus that this
system brought is that the government found a new strain of rice that grew much quicker and was less work to grow. This gave the Tang an

Role of Chinese History on PeopleвЂ™s Imagination
As great philosopher George Santayana once said, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." History plays a critical role
in understanding why the present is the way it is, and it allows us to make conscious decisions about the future. By examining and analyzing
historical events, we are able to dive into the past in order to gain insight on direction to the future. One must be able to learn about the past, learn
about mistakes and problems, in order to move forward. In class, we had dove into the distinction between analyzing historical context. We
discussed how gigantic history takes a precedent model and is easily understood as a trajectory of historical events. One can compare and contrast
how courses were taken by the active role of nations, their governments and revolutions, and how society has been molded to fit specific ideologies.
On the contrary, we also discussed the opposite of gigantic history, which would be referred to as minuscule history. It posits that history is more of a
collection of ideas taken from personal experiences of people that are brought together to explain significant historical events. Building a foundational
historical pivot point from which to move is crucial to how China perceived itself in becoming one of the world's global leading countries today. Role
of Chinese history on people's imagination of their country and themselves: China has had a profound influence by western powers during the
imperialist conquests

History of Chinese Students Studying Abroad or in the U.S.
Introduction: history of Chinese students studying abroad in U.S. The history of Chinese students studying in American universities dates back to the
mid–1850s, when the first student, Yung Wing, graduated from Yale University in 1854 (Bartlett and Fischer Para. 8). After that. Qin Dynasty starts
sending Chinese students to learned new sciences and technologies and we called "Westernization Movement". The educational missions to the US
were organized in the 1870s to train specialists who would create "better engines and iron hulls" for Chinese ships (Bartlett and Fischer Para. 8). The
1870s mission involved about 120 students, who were sponsored to study at the United States' top universities. Since the 1870s, the number of Chinese
students in American colleges has grown exponentially to become the largest population of foreign students in the US (Institute of International
Education [IIE] 7). After the Qing court's resistance to reform and by China's weakness, Sun Yat
–Sen led a revolutionary military uprising. During the
regime changing time, people really didn't know what democracy is. Therefore, more and more students chose to study abroad to learn about the
western political system. Chinese students travel to the US to pursue a degree in Western colleges, which they consider to be among the best learning
institutions in the world. Figure 1 Number of people studying in abroad in 1911–1949. RPC (Republic of China, Now this the government of Tai Wan)
Japan 1107

History Of Chin Chinese Government And Controls The Three...
Wanze Wu Julien Mailland
MSCH–M 322
12/07/2016
History of China Telecom
Chinese government owns and controls the three major basic telecom operators and appears to see these entities as important tools in broader industrial
policy goals such as promoting indigenous standards for network equipment. The reason for Chinese government divided into three carriers is China
Mobile, China Unicom and China telecom these three carriers every action affects the hearts of hundreds of millions of consumers. CDMA is
belonging to China Telecom. China Unicom is not to sell the CDMA to China telecom. Old Unicom has two mobile networks, one is the three 130
'131 ' 131 GSM network, the other is a 133 segments of CDMA network, periodical to encourage operators to competition, and avoid duplication of
investment, will be split, old Unicom to GSM and Netcom, established the new China Unicom; will merge with telecom CDMA department, and is
now the telecommunications company, in this way, as in mobile, Unicom, telecom three mobile operators.
The competition between the three carriers landscape is not balanced, the ministry to establish a relatively balanced competition. China mobile will not
intervene, after all, China Telecom, China Unicom cooperation will not cause too big threat to China Mobile. Also can help move China Mobile away.
Even possible in the future, China mobile is expected to be some cooperation with China Unicom and China Telecom. So the common fight against the
pressure of

Chinese Cuisine History
Chinese Cuisine comprises of different manners of preparing food from different parts of China. The history of the Chinese cuisine dates back from
the ancient China and has since been improvised from time to time according to the needs of the locals and climatic differences. From time to time, the
ingredients & the manner of other region or cultures have also been incorporated in the Chinese cuisine. The major reason behind this was the trade
route of Asia which promoted cultural exchange and also the expansion of various Chinese kingdoms also played a major part in this.
One of the key specialities of Chines cuisine is that along with the techniques and ingredients the taste of the food also varies from region to region and
ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, there are a range of food, manners and practices related to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
пЃ¶Take the chicken and open it in the middle.
пЃ¶Cut out a small piece of fat from the side of the chicken.
пЃ¶Pour 5 to 6 teaspoons of olive oil in the frying pan.
пЃ¶Add a teaspoon of mustard and fennel seeds to the olive oil and heat it for two minutes.
пЃ¶After 2 minutes add the small piece of the fat in the oil and cook it for 5 minutes.
пЃ¶Now, put the chicken such that opened side is on top and back side is in contact with surface into the frying pan and cook it for about 5 minutes
until the chicken turns golden on the side touching the surface.
пЃ¶Turn the chicken and let it cook for 5 minutes.
пЃ¶Add 1 cup of water and 1 cup of wine into the pan.
пЃ¶Add 1 teaspoon paprika and pinch of white pepper & salt evenly spread in the juice as well as on the chicken.
пЃ¶Add half of the earlier mixed herbs and garlic to the juice of the chicken and mix it evenly in the juice for 5 minutes.
пЃ¶Cover the chicken about an hour to leave it to be

Chinese History And American History
I have been studying Chinese history for a long time, but the interesting phenomenon is in 5000–year history of China, there is only one formal
empress called Wu Zetian, and the amounts of emperors are four hundred and eight. The percentage of women to be a leader of China is 0.25%.
Nowadays, Hilary Clinton has been reported by all the newspaper and TV shows, because she is the only woman who has possibility to be the first
female president. Comparing Chinese history and American history, it is rare to see that the women become the decision maker of the country. Also
there is an article points that
"Studies show that women in the United States often face doubts about their leadership and are judged more harshly than men. Alice Eagly, who
teaches management and psychology at Northwestern University, points to studies showing that female college presidents and police chiefs face
additional criticism when they fail. (1)"
After looking at these information, there are some questions suddenly popped in my head about women in leadership. Why women have lower
percentage of being a leader than man? Can women achieve true equality?
Depending on the research, of all the people in parliament in the world, 13 percent are women. In the corporate sector, women at the top, C–level jobs,
board seats –– tops out at 15, 16 percent. The numbers have not moved since 2002 and are going in the wrong direction. (2) This information shows
that women are having hard time to achieve parity with

Poetry And History Of Chinese Immigrants On Angel Island
Ashly.E.Jose
AAAS 280E
John Cheng
November 11, 2016 Island: poetry and history of Chinese immigrants on Angel Island
Chinese immigration to the United States began in large number during the California Gold Rush. Many people came to the country hoping to find
jobs and fortune for themselves and their families back in China. Among those immigrants many stayed in the country and others went back to China.
The point of entry for these Chinese immigrants to California between 1910 and 1940 was the Angles Island in San Francisco. The Island was like that
of the Ellis Island in New York. These islands were the immigration detention headquarters for the immigrants waiting on their medical examinations
and immigration papers. It was also the holding ground for deportees awaiting transportation back to the mother land.
Island: poetry and history of Chinese immigrants on Angel Island, by Him Mark Lai is a collection of the poems that was restored from the walls and
barracks of the Angles Island. The author had selected the sixty–nine poems which were classified into different categories to show the history of the
immigration. The five section are – The Voyage, The Detainment, The Weak Shall Conquer, The Westerners, Deportees, Transients. Each of these
sections includes the restored poems found in the barrack and the oral histories from peoples who spend their time in the Island, Immigration
Interpreters, Immigration Inspectors.
The Voyage, as the title suggest it is about the

Chinese History Is Rich With Culture Conjointly Seasoned
Chinese history is rich with culture conjointly seasoned with value laden principles from a hybridization of Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist schools of
thought. Tracing back the lineage of influence or tracking the evolution of culture is at times an arduous task. Retrospective observance has afforded
me a certain clarity in interpreting the past. With that being said, this paper is dedicated to the echoes of the past stipulated by the Confucian Scholar
Dong Zhongshu. During the length of the paper I will analyze his thoughts on the mandate of heaven, connection between the state & body, and his
expectations of rulership. Secondary to all of that is my attempt to demonstrate that Dong Zhongshu was no typical Confucian scholar. It will be... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Attributes also regulations for those in power derive from a cosmological power. Thus, meaning that the governing is theologically legitimized.
Politically Dong Zhongshu is postulating that the ruler has the divine capability of sanctifying his own rule by self–declaration for being the heavenly
chosen ruler. Fundamentally this interpretation serves as legitimization of rulership akin to absolutism in France during the 16th century. That same
rationalization made it sacrilegious to rebel against the rulership because risking damnation of an eternal life. Politically this is a shrewd calculating
move that resembles Machiavellian political theory. Philosophically it is just mere rhetoric with zero logic to support the argument. We can all come
up with concepts or arguments for why things may come to be nevertheless if we do not have the data to reinforce said theory then the point is rather
mute. Dong Zhongshu was clearly a highly articulate man so I do not question his intelligence. I merely question his motive as well as endgame. His
justification is not philosophical though it is politically cunning in his use of fear tactics. "He resides in a hidden place and does not reveal his form
and so is numinous" is a clear–cut example of this tactical thinking. That quote is to serve as an ambiguous justification on why the people can't
themselves witness the presence of the heavenly influence although are still

Chinese Brides And Chinese Wedding Fashions In Chinese...
Because of the influence of Chinese history and culture, there are various of wedding dresses from ancient times. Hanfu clothes, Tang wedding
clothes, and red cheongsam are the main Chinese wedding dress. However, what they all had in common of the bride's and bridegroom's dresses were:
there must be decorative figures and patterns which representing auspicious meanings. Such as phoenix, peony, and auspicious patterns. Bridegrooms
and the brides were dressed up in red finery and ancient rituals were performed during the ceremony. In china, red is the traditional color of Chinese
wedding celebrations. Red is the color of good luck and is used as a wedding color, and is a theme repeated in the wedding clothing and other ritual
wedding objects. Chinese traditional wedding with the bride and bridegroom in the red dress, a symbol of good luck, joy and happiness, indicates
the days after marriage is booming. Besides, people tine the eggs red as gifts on a wedding day. These red things not only bring wedding pleased
celebrate of atmosphere, but also bring auspicious blessings and respects to the new couple. The Wedding Banquet and Making Bridal Chamber
Nowadays, the incorporation of Chinese and Western wedding is very popular in China. Mostly, the wedding banquet is hold on the evening of the
wedding ceremony. During that time, the bride's evening dress could be changed and replaced several times to toast the guests. At the wedding feast,
the bride and bridegroom toasted the

Chinese History: Qin Dynasty
Making the best effect Dynasty
Qin Dynasty was not the shortest Dynasty in the long river of Chinese history. Comparing to Han Dynasty or Tang Dynasty that lasted almost about
five hundred years, Qin Dynasty was only last for 15 years (221 to 206 B.C.E). Although Qin had such a transient period to power the country, it
played a fundamental role in Chinese history. In historians' view, they also considerQin Dynasty was the first dynasty to unify the country. Qin ended
the Warring States period and gave people a breaking period after a long term of wars. But being "the first unified, multi–national and
power–centralized state in the Chinese history" was not the only achievement that Qin had. The huge impacts that Qin made on different aspects made
Qin became the best influence dynasty in ancient Chinese history.
During the warring state period, various countries had a great diversity of texts. Most of them look similar but they still don't have a standardized
written language. This brought out many inconvenient. For example, a student in eastern China wanted to read a book from the western state book, he
might need a translator to help him. Li Si (Prime Minister of Qin) noticed the importance of standardized written language and decided to create a
written language that can be used in the whole country. He was true, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But it also brought many problems. Their plans seemed to work well for consolidating country, but it took a long time and cost much money to finish
these plans. In order to finish work, the government had to collect money from people. When people could not pay such a heavy tax, they will start to
complain about the society. The society became unrest. And then the overthrow of the dynasty forces are brewing during that time. That was the
reason why Qin dynasty only lasted only 15 years. They gave people too many duties to do and forced people lived under

History And Background Of Chinese Cuisine
History/ Background
Chinese is one of the oldest cultures in the world. The Xia dynasty is known as the first to rule the entire China in 2070 BC. Therefore, along with
the time, there have been many changes in the history of Chinese cuisine. Dim Sum is related with the term "yum cha", which means "to drink tea".
This is started at around hundreds years ago, in Canton (Guangdong Province), when the travellers on the ancient Silk Road took some rest in the
middle of their journey, and they usually had some tea and meals. However, it is said that people could gain excessive weight by consuming food
while drinking tea. Then the idea to serve some snacks or small–bites food was created by the teahouse owner, and that was the beginning of dim sum.
There are various types of dim sum, approximately around 2000 of them since the 10th century, but there are only 100 kinds that we can find in dim
sum restaurant nowadays. Although dim sum was originated in Guangdong Province (Canton), it is also very popular in Hong Kong. It is even said
that Hong Kong provides better dim sum and more popular. Dim sum usually sold between 6.30am until afternoon, and served for breakfast to
brunch. However, since there is a lot of variety of dim sum dishes, each of the food has its own history, as China is a very large nation with old culture
and history.
Contemporary Uses Production Methods and Techniques
There are many ways to cook dim sum, which mostly done by steaming, as the Chinese people

Confucianism And Its Influence On Chinese History
Kung Fu Tzu, also known as Confucius, was an iconic figure in the Chinese history. He was a teacher, a philosopher, and also the founder of
Confucianism. Confucius' philosophies, on the other hand, would became well known as Confucianism. Confucianism can be considered as an
ancient Chinese philosophy as well as a popular religion in the Chinese history. It is known to be a way of life taught by Confucius. Although being
transformed over a long period of time, Confucianism is still the source of values and the social code of the Chinese. It not only has a great influence to
the Chinese history both spiritually and politically, its influence also extends to many Asian countries. For a long period of time, Confucianism was just
part of the thousands ethical and political philosophies that were used in the Chinese government. However, its significance in China skyrocketed later
in the Han dynasty (200 BC to 200 AD) because of its popularity and it was also being declared as the standard of moral which people should try to
follow. As a result, Confucianism became an influential and an integral part in the Chinese society.
Confucius was born in 551 BC in a family that was poor. His family was once rich but had gotten into trouble with the Chinese emperor who then
took away its wealth and property. Confucius was raised and instructed by his mother because his father passed away when he was at the age of three.
Confucius was a smart yet very hardworking student. As he grew older,

Chinese Family's Role In Canadian History
Since Canada became a founded country, Chinese Canadians have played a major role in the developing history in the roots of Canadian history.
Chinese Canadians hold many cultural values, many which revolve around the family structure and being part of a communal group. Chinese
Canadians tend to demonstrate their desire for family structure by ensuring everyone in the family is striving. If a family member is struggling to
make ends meet, other family members will allow the others to live with them, as family is a major part of the culture. Chinese Canadians are more
likely to be married at 56% of the population, compared to the rest of Canadians at 50%. The Chinese are also much less likely to live alone within
Canada, at 5% compared to the 13% of other Canadians who live alone. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of those 1.5 million people, about 535,000 live in the Greater Toronto Area. Almost 1/3 of the Chinese people living in Canada have some sort of
university education. The job fields that have the highest employees of Chinese descent include sales and services, business and finance, and applied
sciences. In recent times, illegal Chinese immigrants have becoming more prevalent in agricultural food operations. In 2010, the average income for
Canadians of Chinese origin was $48,907, compared to almost $49,351, aged 15 years and older, for all Canadian adults. The most predominant
religions for Chinese Canadians consist of Buddhism, Taoism and Christianity, although, over half the Chinese Canadian population declare that they
have no religious affiliation. T he dominant languages within the Chinese population include Mandarin and Cantonese. Additionally, the majority of
Chinese immigrants also learn either of the official language of Canada, English or

Exploring Chinese History: The Taiping Rebellion
The Fight That Changed China
"He imagined he'd gone up to the skies and there he had met a very tall man with a long beard and thick belt who had told him to come back to Earth
and eradicate the demons on Earth", said Jonathan Fenby, who has written history of modern China, about the man Hong Xiuquan. The Taiping
Rebellion (1850 – 1864) was one of the bloodiest civil wars in China, with an estimated death toll of over twenty million. Taiping rebels wanted to
bring down the Ch'ing dynasty (also known as the Qing, or Manchu Dynasty), because they used the country's gold and silver as they wished and did
not care much for the citizens. It was led by a man named Hong Xiuquan, who converted into a Christian and thought that he was the one who will take
over China. His teachings intrigued many others, which led to more people joining the fight against the corrupt government. Taiping was the name ...
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The fight with the taiping rebels caused the Qing dynasty to weaken, which "left a power vacuum" ("Exploring Chinese History: The Taiping
Rebellion"). As a result, "foreign influence reached new heights" and "Japan swiftly became the dominant power of the country" ("Exploring Chinese
History: The Taiping Rebellion"). Inside the Taiping Kingdom, "...Taiping leaders adopted many policies... prohibition of opium smoking, gambling,
the use of tobacco and wine, polygamy, the sale of slaves, and prostitution" ("The Taiping Rebellion, 1851– 1864"). The taiping rebellions changed
China greatly because they made new policies that citizens had to follow and brought down the Qing dynasty government. Since the Qing dynasty was
brought down, they did not have much political power to control the citizens anymore. Without power, they lost the trust and credibility of their
citizens, and because they were so unfair to them. Now that the government has almost no influence on the people, money became a

Dynasties From The Post-Classical Era, And Post Classical...
Social structure is something that has been present all over history. There are many aspects used to define the social structure of a civilization, like
race, ethnicity, class, gender, social mobility, and religion. One civilization in particular, China, has had the social structure of its reason evolve over
time. Chinese dynasties from the Classical Era, the Post–Classical Era, and the Early Modern Period each established their own take on these
categories. The dynasties from their respective time periods each differentiated themselves from the previous time period and allowed themselves to
also have similarities between them. Chinese dynasties from the Classical Era and the Post–Classical Era are able to determine the factors of social
structure that remain consistent and the factors that change throughout the time periods, which are class, gender, and social mobility. In the same way,
the Ming and Qing dynasties of China from the Post–Classical Era compare to the Song and Tang dynasties from the Early Modern Period in China
to define the consistencies of social structure through class, gender, and social mobility. One of the primary aspects of social structure in China was
class. In the Classical Era, the Han and Qin dynasties ran China as a bureaucracy based on a person's importance to society. One of the main reasons
status did not pertain to the amount of wealth a person had is that during this time, China was an agrarian based society, which meant that farmers did

Xue Susu Impact On Chinese History
This piece centers of the life of Xue Susu and her impact on Chinese history. The author presents this history as one often debated in the timeline of
events as well as constructed through multiple accounts. Xue Susu was a well known and respected courtesan in the Ming Dynasty. She was widely
admired for a variety skills such as poetry, painting, calligraphy, horse back riding, archery and martial arts. With these skills, she embodied the ideal
beauty standards of that time with beauty, talent and virtue. Poetry was one of the most important tools Xue Susu used in creating a narrative for
herself and giving depth to her presence in history. Her writings were published in two volumes, Nan you cao meaning Jottings from a Journey to the

The History of the Chinese Immigrants into the United States
In the late 1800s to the early 1900s, Chinese immigrants migrated to the United States. In The History of Chinese Immigration to the U.S., Leo Luo's
contended, "These foreigners came in three separate time periods: 1849–1882, 1882–1965, and 1965 to today." (Luo) From 1849 to 1965, the Chinese
wanted to earn more money to send back to their families in China because the economy was dramatically decreasing. The Chinese heard about the
Gold Rush in California and began to move to the United States. When they first migrated to the United States, they were placed in harsh conditions
and were discriminated without knowing what they had done to the Americans. Their children had to go to school with a variety of races besides
whites. Many Chinese immigrants moved to United States for freedom, gold, and jobs, and as a result, Americans created laws against the Chinese,
and placed them in Angel Island. The Chinese have heard about the hopes and freedom in America, where in China, they were not allowed to have
their own dreams. China had been involved in the Opium Wars with Britain. The Opium Wars had begun by Britain continually exporting opium to
China illegally. This resulted major downfalls in the society and the economy. The reason for thefirst Opium Warin 1839 started because of trade.
Britain eventually defeated China and took control over Hong Kong Island. The second Opium War in 1856 started because of imperialism with the
joining of France and India. In the

The Causes Of Civilization : The Rise And Fall Of...
Every civilization that has, does, or exist, will or has fallen but why? About 12,000 years ago the Neolithic Revolution began and people, starting in
the Mesopotamia area, began to settle. This sparked the beginning of a time where people lived in city–states and eventually empires. The people
worked together to learn the skills of farming and other job specialization causing many to leave the Nomadic lifestyle, but even as many
civilizations grew, they wouldn't and didn't last forever and eventually, they all came to an end. Even when a civilization would fail, a start of a new
one rose up from the ashes adapting and creating their own place in history. From Neolithic to civilizations rise and fall a lot had to happen, and many
characteristics were essential to the cause of the rise and fall. First, we have the change from nomadic, hunters and scavengers, life to civilizations that
grew from hundreds to thousands, and then to millions of people. This change took thousands of years to happen with one of the first civilizations to
be the Sumer, a city–state. During this time people learned how to farm by domesticating crops, working together, and having people have job
specializations, helping thing become more productive. The Neolithic Revolution changed the world forever people know relied on other people to
contribute their job for the greater good of everyone. The basic characteristics of civilizations are organized government, complex religions, job
specializations,

History Of The Chinese Foot Binding
There are many weird and bizzare traditions and cultures around the world. Many of them are on certain holidays or even on an everyday life. There
are many of the these traditions around the world. One of these such places is China. China has many bizzare traditions. One of these such cultural
traditions is the Chinese Foot Binding. Foot binding was the custom of applying tight binding to the feet of young girls to modify the shape of their
feet. The practice possibly originated among upper class court dancers during the 10th century China specifically the Five Dynasties and Ten
Kingdoms Period. Foot binding became popular as a way to display status among others and also became a means to show how attractive you were.
This practise ruined the feet of the women who practise it. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As you would expect it also made walking almost impossible it would result in awkward walking while swaying to side to side. A small foot in
China, no different from a tiny waist in Victorian England, represented the height of female refinement and status. For families with marriageable
daughters, foot size was a big deal since it represented a high amount of nobility and a means to marry off their daughters. The most desirable bride
possessed a three–inch foot, known as a "golden lotus." As for feet that where four inches it was known as the " Silver Lotus." The rest of the feet 5
inches and up the where simply known as the " Iron Lotus." It had first begun as a means to show status but in the end it spreaded all throughout
china and it resulted in almost all women doing this practise. There are many weird and bizzare traditions and cultures around the world. Many of
them are on certain holidays or even on an everyday life. There are many of the these traditions around the world. One of these such places is

Chinese History And The Chinese Tradition
Chinese history has witnessed the governing styles of many different dynasties throughout its history. Both the Tang and Yuan dynasties had
expansionist ideologies, and both attempted to reallocate workload under their administrations. While the Tang government was focused on
management and focused (specialization?) of tasks and services, the Yuan dynastywas less able to fully control its territory and people. The Yuan
dynasty's shaky regime, when contrasted with the relative stability of the Tang, highlights their differences in focus and implementation of legislation.
The Tang views on how to govern their large empire were steeped in Chinese tradition. They believed that the country was so large, one man could not
hope to rule it (1). Thus, they should enfeoff their relatives and therefore disseminate power across the land so that no one man is too strong (2,3). In
contrast, the Mongols believed that the vast territory that they had acquired needed to be divided by stark, strict lines. Ethnic and occupational
divisions were cleaved within bureaucratic and social spheres (Governing China 53). These ideological differences highlight the source of these
differences between dynasties: while the Tang was based in a rich native cultural history, the Yuan was a foreign power exacting influence in an
unfamiliar region. This difference would color all other parts of the dynasties' governance. The extent to which the Tang stretched in its prime could
only be compared to the

Chinese Medicine And China History And Eastern Culture
The Chinese medicine is related to china history and eastern culture. Every culture has its own idea about creation of universe and human being.
Chinese has a basic theory for human creation that included the human's physiology and the human's substance. The theory of five substances depends
on five elements that related to all physiologic activity of human. One of them is Qi. Qi term has a conflicted idea between traditional Chinese medicine
and western scientific sense that due to misunderstand Chinese medicine turn and lack of word. However, People wonder about qi "what is qi? Where
does qi come from or from where?"
Qi pronounced as Chi, which means energy in Western translation. Qi is the energy of the body, food, and universe, which... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In other word, qi is the life to different things. Qi is all physiologic activity of universe that gave the movement and the life to everything. According to
Wisman "Jing–Yue's states that human life depends upon this qi. Also, when qi gathers, the physical body is formed; when qi disperses, the body
dies." Qi is form the human. Qi gives a life to everything, and gives form for everything. According to Flam "qi congeals to make humans. Not only
does the uniting of qi make form, it also specifically makes the human form or body." (page, 99.) It is the soul of the body that is giving in the first
breath of human life. Also, Qi inherits from the parents, which is the pre– heaven qi that gets from parents. Kendall stated that "Nejing is a compilation
of Chinese medicine concept and is still relevant today and provides an amazing understanding of human body that is still accurate." Per– heaven Qi is
not exactly DNA by its self in the western scientific sense of this word. It is the thing that gives the DNA specific form, and the life. Qi gives the
form to DNA and the life for DNA. Also, qi can be the idea that came from the qi can able to engender the blood and blood mothers of qi, which has
the same idea of the pre–heavens and DNA.
However, Qi is not just DNA or per– heaven qi. As I mentioned before that qi is all the physiological functions and all movement of the phenomenal in
universe. Therefore, there are

The Origins Of Soccer : The World Of The Game
Grace Thomas
Mrs. Laudadio
Humanities Symposium
22 December 2016
The Origins of Soccer
Evolution has acted as the forefront of the game of soccer due to the exponential growth it has endured through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Contributions to this commercial epidemic consist of the robust foundation in which a multitude of cultures have bestowed upon the game. These
cultures have formulated, in some manner, an invaluable rudimentary configuration of the game. Despite the innumerable aspects of the game of
soccer, one is present within all, healthy competition. As time will tell, in accordance with the evolution of the game, physical exercise will become an
essential aspect of human life and growth, illustrating the importance and value of athletics and recreation.
The origins of soccer can be traced back to a myriad of cultures. These cultures each contributed to the construction and development of the game in
their own unique way, therefore generating a multi–cultural blending constitution. The forebear of these civilizations is the Han Dynasty of China, the
second great Chinese imperial dynasty ("Han Dynasty"), who founded the "Tsu' Chu" ("History of Football"). The epithet derives from the Chinese
terms "tsu", to kick a ball with feet, and "chu", a ball made of leather (Reilly). This variant consisted of a competition between two teams who
vigorously worked to get the leather ball through the opposing team's net. The nets used consisted of "silken cloth

Chinese Political History Essay
Chinese political history harkening back to dynastic rule recalls notions of a highly centralized government, a bloated and corrupt bureaucracy, and the
limited power of commoners to significantly change their circumstances, much less how they are governed. With the introduction of political reforms
in recent years meant to fortify local governance by allowing the Chinese people to elect officials, scholars have paid increased attention to the
effectiveness of these local governments. In the readings I selected from Perry and Goldman (2007), this effectiveness of village–level local
governments in relation to the central government, as well as the extent to which longstanding bureaucratic and cultural norms from earlier times are
still... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Levy (2007) finds that women make up very insignificant proportions of village leadership, and that once elected, they are often
assigned to "women's work" (e.g., family planning projects).2 Remedial efforts such as affirmative action have been considered in order to promote
equality, but these have in large part been met with resistance due to what Levy cites as "the generally lower status or women ... cultural inhibitions ...
[and] the deeper issues relating to culture and power in the countryside."3 This underlying (de)valuation of women draws on Confucian ideals
regarding the "domination of male over female" as well as the superior and subordinate roles of men and women, respectively.4 Fairbank and
Goldman (2006) posit that the "inferior social status of women was merely one manifestation of the hierarchic nature of China's entire social code and
cosmology" and that "an endless succession of Chinese male moralists worked out the behavior pattern of obedience and passivity that was expected of
women."5 When these ideas are applied to the contemporary times, the current state of women's political viability in China makes much more sense.
The longstanding social implications surrounding women's roles in relation to men makes them less desirable as leaders, and their limitations once they

Ancient Chinese Music History

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