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Unit 5 Notes:

Digestion Basics, The Mouth,
and The Esophagus
(1) Digestion Basics
• Organs:
– Oral Cavity
– Esophagus
– Stomach
– Small Intestine
– Large Intestine

• Functions:
– Metabolize biomolecules.
– Absorb useful nutrients into blood stream.
– Excrete waste, irritating or non-useful compounds.
(2) Dig. In The Mouth
• Both Mechanical & Chemical
Digestion
• Mechanical:
–Teeth chewing + grinding breaks
down food into smaller units

• Chemical:
–Enzymes in saliva breaks down parts
of food
(3) Saliva & Digestion
• Saliva = Spit
• Lubricates food for esophageal
transfer
• Contains an enzyme called
AMYLASE…
–Breaks down starch  maltose
(4) Saliva Reflexes
• Parasympathetic release of saliva
• Causes:
–Pressure in mouth
–Smell / Sight of food
–Thinking about food
–Emotional connection to food
(5) Bolus
• Bolus = chewed up food, mixed
with saliva.
• Bolus travels from mouth 
esophagus.
(6) Deglutition
(A.K.A. – Swallowing)

• Buccal Phase (Voluntary):
–Tongue moves bolus into pharynx
• Pharyngeal-Esophageal Phase
(Involuntary):
–Epiglottis closes over larynx
–Bolus moves into esophagus
(7) In The Esophagus
• Bolus moves from esophagus 
stomach
• Food moves through esophagus
using PERISTALSIS:

– Peristalsis = Involuntary contraction of
muscle
– Wave-like contractions push food down
– Like a tube of toothpaste!
Anatomy unit 4 digestive and excretory systems basics mouth and esophagus
Anatomy unit 4 digestive and excretory systems basics mouth and esophagus

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Anatomy unit 4 digestive and excretory systems basics mouth and esophagus

  • 1. Unit 5 Notes: Digestion Basics, The Mouth, and The Esophagus
  • 2. (1) Digestion Basics • Organs: – Oral Cavity – Esophagus – Stomach – Small Intestine – Large Intestine • Functions: – Metabolize biomolecules. – Absorb useful nutrients into blood stream. – Excrete waste, irritating or non-useful compounds.
  • 3.
  • 4. (2) Dig. In The Mouth • Both Mechanical & Chemical Digestion • Mechanical: –Teeth chewing + grinding breaks down food into smaller units • Chemical: –Enzymes in saliva breaks down parts of food
  • 5. (3) Saliva & Digestion • Saliva = Spit • Lubricates food for esophageal transfer • Contains an enzyme called AMYLASE… –Breaks down starch  maltose
  • 6.
  • 7. (4) Saliva Reflexes • Parasympathetic release of saliva • Causes: –Pressure in mouth –Smell / Sight of food –Thinking about food –Emotional connection to food
  • 8.
  • 9. (5) Bolus • Bolus = chewed up food, mixed with saliva. • Bolus travels from mouth  esophagus.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. (6) Deglutition (A.K.A. – Swallowing) • Buccal Phase (Voluntary): –Tongue moves bolus into pharynx • Pharyngeal-Esophageal Phase (Involuntary): –Epiglottis closes over larynx –Bolus moves into esophagus
  • 13.
  • 14. (7) In The Esophagus • Bolus moves from esophagus  stomach • Food moves through esophagus using PERISTALSIS: – Peristalsis = Involuntary contraction of muscle – Wave-like contractions push food down – Like a tube of toothpaste!