The document summarizes the key stages of human digestion. It begins with ingestion in the mouth where food is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically by saliva. It then moves to the stomach where food is further broken down chemically by gastric juices and mechanically. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas and gallbladder also secrete substances that aid in digestion. The small intestine is the primary site of absorption, where nutrients are absorbed through the villi. Undigested waste then moves to the large intestine where water is reabsorbed before waste is eliminated through the rectum.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai nilai dan etika dalam sukan, termasuk fair play, penyalahgunaan zat dan metode yang dilarang untuk meningkatkan prestasi atlet, keganasan dan gangguan dalam sukan. Dokumen tersebut juga menyediakan penjelasan mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan ketidakadilan dalam permainan sukan dan langkah-langkah untuk mengatasinya.
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep dan prinsip-prinsip kejurulatihan serta jenis-jenis latihan fizikal yang dapat meningkatkan kecergasan fisik dan motorik seperti latihan aerobik dan anaerobik.
Unit 1 dokumen tersebut membahas tentang asas kawalan motor dan biomekanik yang terdiri dari 3 sistem utama yaitu sistem visual, vestibular dan kinestetik yang bertanggungjawab mengawal postur tubuh. Perkembangan kemahiran motor terjadi secara bertahap seiring usia dan melibatkan perubahan fisiologi sistem saraf dan reseptor.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai ukuran dan peraturan dalam permainan hoki, termasuk ukuran lapangan, garis lapangan, peralatan pemain, dan peraturan dasar permainan. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan beberapa kemahiran dasar dalam permainan hoki seperti memukul, menggelecek, menguis, dan menerima bola.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai nilai dan etika dalam sukan, termasuk fair play, penyalahgunaan zat dan metode yang dilarang untuk meningkatkan prestasi atlet, keganasan dan gangguan dalam sukan. Dokumen tersebut juga menyediakan penjelasan mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan ketidakadilan dalam permainan sukan dan langkah-langkah untuk mengatasinya.
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep dan prinsip-prinsip kejurulatihan serta jenis-jenis latihan fizikal yang dapat meningkatkan kecergasan fisik dan motorik seperti latihan aerobik dan anaerobik.
Unit 1 dokumen tersebut membahas tentang asas kawalan motor dan biomekanik yang terdiri dari 3 sistem utama yaitu sistem visual, vestibular dan kinestetik yang bertanggungjawab mengawal postur tubuh. Perkembangan kemahiran motor terjadi secara bertahap seiring usia dan melibatkan perubahan fisiologi sistem saraf dan reseptor.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai ukuran dan peraturan dalam permainan hoki, termasuk ukuran lapangan, garis lapangan, peralatan pemain, dan peraturan dasar permainan. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan beberapa kemahiran dasar dalam permainan hoki seperti memukul, menggelecek, menguis, dan menerima bola.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
1) Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai rekreasi dan perkemahan untuk murid berkeperluan khas termasuk jenis-jenis rekreasi, objektif, kepentingan, halangan, dan prosedur penganjuran aktiviti perkemahan.
2) Perkemahan ini bertujuan untuk memberi semangat, keterampilan komunikasi, disiplin, dan pengetahuan tentang perkemahan kepada peserta
Dokumen tersebut memberikan ringkasan tentang gimrama. Ia menjelaskan sejarah, jenis pertandingan, dan alat-alat yang diperlukan untuk gimrama seperti bola, tali, gelung, reben, dan belantan. Dokumen ini juga menyenaraikan ciri-ciri setiap alat serta pakaian yang digunakan dalam gimrama.
The document discusses the avian digestive system. It describes the major digestive organs like the mouth, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca. It explains the functions of these organs and how they aid in digestion. Accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver are also described. The mechanisms of enzyme production and activation in the digestive system are briefly covered.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penyalahgunaan dadah oleh atlet untuk tujuan meningkatkan prestasi olahraga.
2. Beberapa contoh penyalahgunaan dadah oleh atlet Indonesia dan Malaysia dijelaskan.
3. Hukuman yang diberikan kepada atlet yang terbukti menggunakan dadah larangan dijelaskan.
Dokumen tersebut membincangkan berbagai aspek deviasi dalam olahraga, termasuk definisi deviasi, penyebabnya, jenis deviasi yang terjadi di kalangan atlet, dan cara menangani masalah deviasi seperti penggunaan zat terlarang.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan pengenalan mengenai pendidikan pergerakan yang meliputi pergerakan asas seperti berjalan, berlari dan melompat. Ia juga menjelaskan tujuan pendidikan pergerakan untuk melatih pelajar agar mampu melakukan gerakan dengan tenaga minimum serta menyedari hubungan antara gerakan dan tubuh. Dokumen ini juga membincangkan jenis-jenis pendidikan pergerakan seperti pergerakan kreatif, gim
Hubungan antara prestasi sukan dengan psikologi sukan membahasakan tiga aspek utama yaitu kognitif, emosi, dan fisik. Senaman dapat mengurangkan stres, depresi, serta meningkatkan mood positif. Ia juga dapat meningkatkan prestasi kognitif, daya tahan tubuh, dan kepercayaan diri. Kebangkitan dan kebimbangan mempengaruhi prestasi individu, di mana stres yang seimbang dapat meningkatkan prestasi.
Slideshare ini berkenaan tentang etika-etika sukan yanng merupakan salah satu silibus pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Tingkatan 4... saje je share :)))
The document discusses human digestion and the human digestive system. It begins with an overview of nutrition and the two parts of nutrition - ingestion and digestion. It then describes the major components of the human digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and associated organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It explains the functions of each part and the mechanical and chemical digestion that takes place. Absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine. Undigested waste is eliminated through the large intestine and rectum.
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the human digestive system. It begins with ingestion in the mouth, where food is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically by saliva. It then travels to the stomach through swallowing, where further digestion occurs through gastric juices and the food is broken down into a liquid called chyme. Chyme then enters the small intestine where most digestion and absorption takes place, aided by enzymes from the pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Undigested waste then progresses to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted through the rectum.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
1) Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai rekreasi dan perkemahan untuk murid berkeperluan khas termasuk jenis-jenis rekreasi, objektif, kepentingan, halangan, dan prosedur penganjuran aktiviti perkemahan.
2) Perkemahan ini bertujuan untuk memberi semangat, keterampilan komunikasi, disiplin, dan pengetahuan tentang perkemahan kepada peserta
Dokumen tersebut memberikan ringkasan tentang gimrama. Ia menjelaskan sejarah, jenis pertandingan, dan alat-alat yang diperlukan untuk gimrama seperti bola, tali, gelung, reben, dan belantan. Dokumen ini juga menyenaraikan ciri-ciri setiap alat serta pakaian yang digunakan dalam gimrama.
The document discusses the avian digestive system. It describes the major digestive organs like the mouth, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca. It explains the functions of these organs and how they aid in digestion. Accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver are also described. The mechanisms of enzyme production and activation in the digestive system are briefly covered.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penyalahgunaan dadah oleh atlet untuk tujuan meningkatkan prestasi olahraga.
2. Beberapa contoh penyalahgunaan dadah oleh atlet Indonesia dan Malaysia dijelaskan.
3. Hukuman yang diberikan kepada atlet yang terbukti menggunakan dadah larangan dijelaskan.
Dokumen tersebut membincangkan berbagai aspek deviasi dalam olahraga, termasuk definisi deviasi, penyebabnya, jenis deviasi yang terjadi di kalangan atlet, dan cara menangani masalah deviasi seperti penggunaan zat terlarang.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan pengenalan mengenai pendidikan pergerakan yang meliputi pergerakan asas seperti berjalan, berlari dan melompat. Ia juga menjelaskan tujuan pendidikan pergerakan untuk melatih pelajar agar mampu melakukan gerakan dengan tenaga minimum serta menyedari hubungan antara gerakan dan tubuh. Dokumen ini juga membincangkan jenis-jenis pendidikan pergerakan seperti pergerakan kreatif, gim
Hubungan antara prestasi sukan dengan psikologi sukan membahasakan tiga aspek utama yaitu kognitif, emosi, dan fisik. Senaman dapat mengurangkan stres, depresi, serta meningkatkan mood positif. Ia juga dapat meningkatkan prestasi kognitif, daya tahan tubuh, dan kepercayaan diri. Kebangkitan dan kebimbangan mempengaruhi prestasi individu, di mana stres yang seimbang dapat meningkatkan prestasi.
Slideshare ini berkenaan tentang etika-etika sukan yanng merupakan salah satu silibus pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Tingkatan 4... saje je share :)))
The document discusses human digestion and the human digestive system. It begins with an overview of nutrition and the two parts of nutrition - ingestion and digestion. It then describes the major components of the human digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and associated organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It explains the functions of each part and the mechanical and chemical digestion that takes place. Absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine. Undigested waste is eliminated through the large intestine and rectum.
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the human digestive system. It begins with ingestion in the mouth, where food is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically by saliva. It then travels to the stomach through swallowing, where further digestion occurs through gastric juices and the food is broken down into a liquid called chyme. Chyme then enters the small intestine where most digestion and absorption takes place, aided by enzymes from the pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Undigested waste then progresses to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted through the rectum.
The document discusses human digestion and the human digestive system. It describes the process of ingestion and digestion, the types of nutrients, and the major organs involved in digestion including the mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and associated organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It provides details on the functions of these organs and enzymes involved at each stage of digestion.
The document summarizes the key stages and components of human digestion. It describes the digestive system as beginning with ingestion in the mouth, followed by digestion in the stomach aided by gastric juices. Nutrients are further broken down by enzymes from the pancreas, liver and gallbladder in the small intestine where most absorption occurs. Undigested material then passes to the large intestine where water is reabsorbed before waste is excreted.
The document summarizes key aspects of human digestion. It begins with an overview of nutrition and the two main parts - ingestion and digestion. It then describes the major components of the human digestive system from mouth to anus. Key functions and processes at each stage are highlighted, including mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. Absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine. Undigested material then passes to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted.
The document describes the human digestive system and the multi-step process of digestion, including ingestion, digestion within the mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and absorption of nutrients. It also discusses accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas that produce enzymes and bile to further break down food. Various digestive disorders are also outlined such as ulcers, constipation, diarrhea and appendicitis.
B.Sc.(Micro+Biotech) II Animal & Plant Physiology Unit 3.1 Introduction to. D...Rai University
The human digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. Ingested food moves through the digestive tract, where it is broken down mechanically by chewing and enzymatically by digestive juices. The major organs involved include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. In the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is reabsorbed before waste is excreted.
The document summarizes the key stages of human digestion. Food enters the mouth where it is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically by saliva. It then moves to the stomach through swallowing where gastric juices further break it down. Digestion continues in the small intestine where enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder aid in breaking nutrients into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before waste is excreted from the rectum.
The document summarizes the human digestive system and nutrition. It discusses the two parts of nutrition - ingestion and digestion. It then describes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and gallbladder. The mouth chews and moistens food. The stomach stores, kills germs in, and breaks down food through acid and enzymes. The pancreas produces enzymes to digest proteins, carbs and fats. The liver produces bile to break up fats for absorption.
This lecture illustrates the basics of the digestive system and the roles each section within the GI tract plays in the digestion and absorption of our macro-nutrients
Nutrition involves the ingestion and digestion of food. Ingestion is the intake of food through the mouth and digestive system. Digestion is the breakdown of food through chemical and mechanical processes to extract nutrients. The gastrointestinal tract breaks down food through a multi-step process involving the mouth, stomach, pancreas, liver, and small and large intestines. Enzymes and acids at each step break food into smaller components until nutrients can be absorbed in the small intestine. Undigested material then passes to the large intestine and rectum to be excreted.
Life-Science-ppt in animals veterinary.pdfTatendaMageja
- Animals need to take in food to fulfill their nutritional requirements of fuel, raw materials, and essential nutrients. They obtain food through different feeding methods like filter feeding, substrate feeding, fluid feeding, and bulk feeding.
- The human digestive system involves the ingestion of food through the mouth, stomach, and small intestine where mechanical and chemical digestion breaks down food. Enzymes and acids in the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and liver aid in digestion. The small intestine absorbs nutrients through the villi and microvilli into the bloodstream.
- Undigested waste is eliminated through the large intestine and rectum as feces. Various organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas secrete substances
The document discusses the human digestive system and nutrition. It describes the process of ingestion, digestion, and absorption of nutrients. The major parts of the digestive system are described including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The document outlines the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food at each stage as well as the roles of accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Common digestive disorders are also briefly discussed.
The digestive system breaks down complex foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. The digestive tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas also play important roles in digestion by producing enzymes and bile that help break down food.
The document discusses the human digestive system. It describes how food is ingested and passes through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. The stomach and organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas secrete juices and enzymes to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed. The small intestine absorbs these nutrients while the large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted. Some common digestive disorders like ulcers, heartburn, and irritable bowel syndrome are also outlined.
This document summarizes and compares the digestive systems of humans, ruminants, avians, horses, and fish. It describes the three basic types of digestive systems - monogastric, ruminant, and hind gut fermentors - based on their stomach structure. For each type, it provides details on the anatomy and functions of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and other organs. It also compares key aspects of digestion and nutrient utilization across these different digestive system types.
The digestive system consists of a long digestive tract and associated glands. The digestive tract extends from the mouth to the anus and passes through the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. The major organs work together to ingest, digest, absorb, and excrete food and waste. Ingested food is broken down mechanically and chemically. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas secrete substances that aid digestion before nutrients are absorbed and waste is eliminated.
The document provides information about the human digestive system. It describes the main functions of digestion as ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. It then outlines the key parts of the digestive tract including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. For each part, it describes their role in mechanical and chemical breakdown of food as well as absorption of nutrients. The document also discusses digestive disorders like ulcers, constipation, diarrhea, and appendicitis that can disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system.
The document discusses the human digestive and nutrition systems. It explains that nutrients from food are broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. The digestive system breaks food down mechanically and chemically. Accessory organs like the liver and pancreas produce enzymes and bile that aid digestion. Food passes through the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines as it is broken down and absorbed. Undigested waste is eliminated as feces.
Digestive System ppt.pptx for lectures of classzameerulhasaann
The digestive system consists of a long digestive tract and associated glands that work together to break down food. The tract extends from the mouth to the anus. Food is ingested, mechanically and chemically broken down, absorbed for energy and tissue growth, and waste is eliminated. Accessory organs such as the liver, gallbladder and pancreas secrete substances that aid digestion before entering the tract. Nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine and waste is stored and dehydrated in the large intestine before being expelled.
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2. Nutrition
Process by which organisms obtain and utilize their food.
There are two parts to Nutrition:
1. Ingestion- process of taking food into the
digestive system so that it may be
hydrolized or digested.
2. Digestion- the breakdown of food (either
chemically or mechanically) in order to
utilize nutrients
3. Types of Nutrients
• Micronutrients- vitamins, minerals, & water
• Macronutrients- proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, etc…
8. Swallowing (& not choking)
• Epiglottis
– flap of cartilage
– closes trachea (windpipe) when swallowing
– food travels down esophagus
• Peristalsis
– involuntary muscle contractions to move food along
9. Which type of digestion is the
following?
1. Chewing a saltine? 2. Saliva breaking the saltine down into molecules of
glucose? 3. Your tongue breaking pieces of a hamburger apart?
4. Pepsin (an enzyme) in your stomach breaking the
hamburger into amino acids?
10. Pharynx
• The back of the
throat.
• Larynxpassage for air,
closes when we
swallow.
• Is approximately
15cm long.
11. Digestive Glands
• Groups of
specialized
secretory
cells.
• Found in the
lining of the
alimentary
canal or
accessory
organs.
12. Peristalsis
• series of involuntary
wave-like muscle
contractions which
move food along the
digestive tract
13. Stomach
• Food is temporarily
stored here.
• Gastric juices are
secreted.
• Has layers of
muscle that line the
inside.
• Mechanically and
chemically breaks
down food.
14. Stomach
• Functions
– food storage
• can stretch to fit ~2L food
– disinfect food
• HCl = pH 2
– kills bacteria
– chemical digestion
• pepsin
– enzyme breaks down proteins
But the stomach is made out of protein!
What stops the stomach from digesting itself?
mucus secreted by stomach cells protects
stomach lining
16. Gastric Juices
• Secreted by the
stomach.
• Acidic (pH 1.5-2.5)
(HCl).
• Pepsin- an enzyme that
breaks down large
proteins into amino
acids.
• Food is further broken
down into a thin liquid
called chyme.
18. Gall bladder
• Pouch structure located near the liver
which concentrates and stores bile
• Bile duct – a long tube that carries BILE.
The top half of the common bile duct is
associated with the liver, while the bottom
half of the common bile duct is associated
with the pancreas, through which it passes
on its way to the intestine.
19. BILE
• Bile emulsifies lipids (physically breaks
apart FATS)
• Bile is a bitter, greenish-yellow alkaline
fluid, stored in the gallbladder between
meals and upon eating is discharged into
the duodenum where it aids the process of
digestion.
20. Pancreas
• An organ which secretes both digestive
enzymes (exocrine) and hormones (endocrine)
• ** Pancreatic juice digests all major nutrient
types.
• Nearly all digestion occurs in the small intestine
& all digestion is completed in the SI.
23. Liver
• Function
– produces bile
• bile stored in gallbladder until needed
• breaks up fats
– act like detergents to breakup fats
bile contains
colors from old
red blood cells
collected in liver =
iron in RBC rusts &
makes feces brown
24. mouth
break up food
digest starch
kill germs
moisten food
liver
produces bile
- stored in gall bladder
break up fats
pancreas
produces enzymes to
digest proteins & starch
stomach
kills germs
break up food
digest proteins
store food
25. Small Intestine
• Most chemical
digestion takes place
here.
• Simple sugars and
proteins are absorbed
into the inner lining.
• Fatty acids and
glycerol go to lymphatic
system.
• Lined with villi, which
increase surface area for
absorption, one cell
thick.
26. Small intestine
• Function
– chemical digestion
• major organ of digestion & absorption
– absorption through lining
• over 6 meters!
• small intestine has huge surface area = 300m 2
(~size of tennis court)
• Structure
– 3 sections
• duodenum = most digestion
• jejunum = absorption of nutrients & water
• ileum = absorption of nutrients & water
27. mouth
break up food
digest starch
kill germs
moisten food
pancreas
produces enzymes to
digest proteins & starch
stomach
kills germs
break up food
digest proteins
store food
28. Absorption in the SI
•
Much absorption is thought to occur directly through the wall
without the need for special adaptations
•
Almost 90% of our daily fluid intake is absorbed in the small
intestine.
•
Villi - increase the surface area of the small intestines, thus
providing better absorption of materials
29. Absorption by Small Intestines
• Absorption through villi & microvilli
– finger-like projections
– increase surface area for absorption
31. Large intestines
(colon)
• Function
– re-absorb water
• use ~9 liters of water every
day in digestive juices
• > 90% of water reabsorbed
– not enough water absorbed
» diarrhea
– too much water absorbed
» constipation
32. Large Intestine
• Solid materials pass
through the large
intestine.
• These are undigestible
solids (fibers).
• Water is absorbed.
• Vitamins K and B are
reabsorbed with the
water.
• Rectum- solid wastes
exit the body.
34. Rectum
• Last section of colon
(large intestines)
– eliminate feces
• undigested materials
– extracellular waste
» mainly cellulose
from plants
» roughage or fiber
– masses of bacteria
Editor's Notes
After chewing and swallowing, it takes 5 to 10 seconds for food to pass down the esophagus to the stomach, where it spends 2 to 6 hours being partially digested.
Final digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the small intestine over a period of 5 to 6 hours.
In 12 to 24 hours, any undigested material passes through the large intestine, and feces are expelled through the anus.
Still, the epithelium is continually eroded, and the epithelium is completely replaced by mitosis every three days.
Gastric ulcers, lesions in the stomach lining, are caused by the acid-tolerant bacterium Heliobacter pylori.
Ulcers are often treated with antibiotics.
Pepsin is secreted in an inactive form, called pepsinogen by specialized chief cells in gastric pits.
Parietal cells, also in the pits, secrete hydrochloric acid which converts pepsinogen to the active pepsin only when both reach the lumen of the stomach, minimizing self-digestion.
Also, in a positive-feedback system, activated pepsin can activate more pepsinogen molecules.
About every 20 seconds, the stomach contents are mixed by the churning action of smooth muscles.
As a result of mixing and enzyme action, what begins in the stomach as a recently swallowed meal becomes a nutrient-rich broth known as acid chyme.
At the opening from the stomach to the small intestine is the pyloric sphincter, which helps regulate the passage of chyme into the intestine.
A squirt at a time, it takes about 2 to 6 hours after a meal for the stomach to empty.