Presentation is trying to define the intent , content, methods and scope of arbitration and tendering and its implications for the architectural practice.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
Presentation is trying to define the intent , content, methods and scope of arbitration and tendering and its implications for the architectural practice.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
CONTRACTS, CONTAINING INFORMATION REGARDING NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS WITH ITS TYPES AND INCLUDING PICTURES RELATED WITH TOPICS, COST PLUS PERCENTAGE RATE CONTRACT, MERITS OF THE CONTRACT, DEMERITS OF CONTRACTS, DESCRIPTION ABOUT TTYPES OF NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS, TOPIC IS LINKED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND PLANNING MANAGAGMENT
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ARE MOSTLY PURSUIED TO SATISFY THE INFRASTRUCTURAL NEEDS OF A COUNTRY, REGION OR A CITY . PPP Is an instrument for infrastructure development AND HAS BASIC TENETS AND PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING ITS SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION.
.
The present topic describes the defination, types, content of typical tender notice, step by step procedure, 3-bid and 2-bid system of tenders, earnest money deposit, security deposit, unbalanced tender.
This ppt was prepared for educational purpose, and to teach about PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP scheme and their models for using this scheme. Many projects now days are using this method with help of gov. parties or private parties. This methods helps in decreasing load on construction and infrastructure, and road development load from government, as they are not participating in finance of project but let the construction firm, construct the project and run by their names to recover their cost and profit for predetermined time period and on predetermined rate of recovery, either by tolling system or annuity system.
Site organisation in Construction is one of the major things, that needs major attention for effective running of Construction Projects. How can we use Construction technology to improve site organisation.
Construction Management full lecture note-By Melese Mengistu.pdfMeleseMengistu
A project is defined, whether it is in construction or not, by the
following characteristics:
A defined goal or objective, Specific tasks to be performed, A
defined beginning& end, and Resources being consumed.
Construction industry is different from other industries by its size, built
on-site, and generally unique.
Projects begin with a stated goal established by the owner and
accomplished by the project team.
With the increase in public debt, 100% privately funded initiatives are now re-emerging yet experience had shown earlier that early successes of privatization programs were short lived and led later to bailouts / subsidy by Governments. PPP,s are likely to remain a better way to allocate the risks based on each entity’s ability to manage , mitigate and absorb risks. This brief highlights various aspects of PPP’s in terms of explaining the various PPP’s models and PPP’s transactions types, fiscal risks in PPP’s, PPP’s best practices and how to create an enabling PPP Environment. Major MENA PPP’s projects preview of is highlighted.
CONTRACTS, CONTAINING INFORMATION REGARDING NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS WITH ITS TYPES AND INCLUDING PICTURES RELATED WITH TOPICS, COST PLUS PERCENTAGE RATE CONTRACT, MERITS OF THE CONTRACT, DEMERITS OF CONTRACTS, DESCRIPTION ABOUT TTYPES OF NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS, TOPIC IS LINKED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND PLANNING MANAGAGMENT
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ARE MOSTLY PURSUIED TO SATISFY THE INFRASTRUCTURAL NEEDS OF A COUNTRY, REGION OR A CITY . PPP Is an instrument for infrastructure development AND HAS BASIC TENETS AND PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING ITS SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION.
.
The present topic describes the defination, types, content of typical tender notice, step by step procedure, 3-bid and 2-bid system of tenders, earnest money deposit, security deposit, unbalanced tender.
This ppt was prepared for educational purpose, and to teach about PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP scheme and their models for using this scheme. Many projects now days are using this method with help of gov. parties or private parties. This methods helps in decreasing load on construction and infrastructure, and road development load from government, as they are not participating in finance of project but let the construction firm, construct the project and run by their names to recover their cost and profit for predetermined time period and on predetermined rate of recovery, either by tolling system or annuity system.
Site organisation in Construction is one of the major things, that needs major attention for effective running of Construction Projects. How can we use Construction technology to improve site organisation.
Construction Management full lecture note-By Melese Mengistu.pdfMeleseMengistu
A project is defined, whether it is in construction or not, by the
following characteristics:
A defined goal or objective, Specific tasks to be performed, A
defined beginning& end, and Resources being consumed.
Construction industry is different from other industries by its size, built
on-site, and generally unique.
Projects begin with a stated goal established by the owner and
accomplished by the project team.
With the increase in public debt, 100% privately funded initiatives are now re-emerging yet experience had shown earlier that early successes of privatization programs were short lived and led later to bailouts / subsidy by Governments. PPP,s are likely to remain a better way to allocate the risks based on each entity’s ability to manage , mitigate and absorb risks. This brief highlights various aspects of PPP’s in terms of explaining the various PPP’s models and PPP’s transactions types, fiscal risks in PPP’s, PPP’s best practices and how to create an enabling PPP Environment. Major MENA PPP’s projects preview of is highlighted.
Infrastructure whether financed through traditional methods or PPPs relies on funding sources to repay financing, whether debt, equity, or a combination. All infrastructure investments ultimately depend on either user fees, government tax revenues, or a combination of both. Transport has a great impact on economic growth and poverty alleviation.
Therefore, community and political support for greater investment of government tax revenues or the imposition of user fees is critical to expanding investment in public infrastructure. The challenge is for PPPs to demonstrate overall cost savings and efficiencies that outweigh the lower-cost financing advantage of traditional procurement.
Creation of Infrastructure has economics both of scale and scope (i.e., minimum size of facilities, inelastic adjustment of capacity to demand, long term project completion, etc..
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
1. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Analytical Comparison between (BOT)
(BOOT) and other PPP Projects
Presented By: Presented To:
Bhavin Sharma Dr. Vishakha V Sakhare
2015H130059P (Assistant Professor)
2. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Content
1. Why PPP??
2. Definition of PPPs in India
3. Objectives of a PPP?
4. Advantages of PPP
5. When should PPP be used?
6. Risk Involved
7. PPP Types
1. BOT
2. BOOT
3. FP
8. Analytical Comparison & Conclusion
9. References
2
3. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Why PPP in infrastructure?
• Physical infrastructure
– roads
– transportation systems
– water and sanitation networks
• They involve large investments that can put a strain on the public purse. This strain
is especially great for countries, such as India, whose economies are undergoing
rapid development and urbanisation and have a great need for expanded
infrastructure.
• Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly being used by governments and
public sector authorities throughout the world as a way of increasing access to
infrastructure services for their citizenry and economies at a reduced cost.
3
5. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
According to “The Department of Economic
Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance (GOI)
An arrangement between a government or statutory entity or government
owned entity on one side and a private sector entity on the other, for the
provision of public assets and/ or related services for public benefit, through
investments being made by and/or management undertaken by the private
sector entity for a specified time period, where there is a substantial risk
sharing with the private sector and the private sector receives performance
linked payments that conform (or are benchmarked) to specified, pre-
determined and measurable performance standards.
5
6. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Objectives of a PPP in infrastructure
Increase the availability of infrastructure services
To do so with greater efficiency (lower cost for the level of
services provided) than could be achieved using the traditional
public sector approach
6
7. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Advantages of PPP
• Access to private sector finance
• Efficiency advantages from using private sector skills and from transferring risk to
the private sector
• Potentially increased transparency
• Enlargement of focus from only creating an asset to delivery of a service, including
maintenance of the infrastructure asset during its operating lifetime
• This broadened focus creates incentives to reduce the full life-cycle costs (i.e.,
construction costs and operating costs)
All of these provide strong reasons in favour of using PPPs in India
and elsewhere.
7
8. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Investments through PPP Models
The following chart shows the increasing trend of investments in infrastructure through PPPs,
during the period 1990 to 2008. 8
9. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
When should PPP be used?
• The public sector environment is suited to supporting PPPs
• The project is suitable to being carried out as a PPP
• The potential barriers to successful project implementation have
been identified and can be overcome
• Given that these conditions are satisfied, the project must be
commercially viable for the private sector and offer value for
money (VFM) for the public sector
9
10. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Risk - a critical focus of PPP design
• "Risk is the chance of an event occurring which would cause actual
project circumstances to differ from those assumed when forecasting
project benefits and costs”
(Risk Management & Contractual Issues, Partnerships Victoria)
• The parties involved in a project can affect the amount of risk by:
– The level of influence they have over events
– The level of information they have about the present and the future
10
11. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
For e.g. (influence they have over events)
• The Public Sector
It has certain powers and advantages in the process of land acquisition that
mean it is sometimes better suited to this task and taking the associated risks.
• By Private Sector
The private sector is exposed to competitive pressures that force it to
establish improved management practices. It is also often the technology
leader. This means it may be better suited to managing the design and
construction risks.
11
12. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
PPP Options/ Types
12
Full privatization, the private sector assumes
ownership of the infrastructure (design, build,
operation and maintenance and finance)
14. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Build Operate Transfer (BOT)
• In this approach a private party or concessionaire retains a concession for a
fixed period from a public party, called principal (client), for the
development and operation of a public facility
• The development consists of the financing, design and construction of the
facility, managing and maintaining the facility adequately, and making it
sufficiently profitable
• The concessionaire secures return of investment by operating the facility
and, during the concession period, the concessionaire acts as owner. At the
end of the concession period, the concessionaire transfers the ownership of
the facility to the principal at no cost
14
The most common examples are roads, bridges, water and sewer systems,
airports, ports and public buildings
15. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Stages of BOT Project
Construction
(Built) [B]
Operation
[O]
Transfer
[T]
15
Preliminary
Study
Selection
Process
Project
Implementation
16. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Dis-advantages
Utilization of private sector's
investment instead of public sector's
Very complicated from the viewpoint of
technical and financial issues and need
high level experts and consultants
Transferring all the risk to private
sector
Increasing expenditures of users in
operation time
Transferring technical knowledge is
one of the most important benefits
of this method for developing
countries
Contrast between benefits of private
sector with public sector
16
17. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT)
• It is a founding model and a form of concession in which a public authority
makes an agreement with a private company (concessionaire) to Design Build,
Own and Operate a specific piece of an infrastructure
• such as power, transport, water, and telecom industries, within receiving the
right to achieve income from the facility under a period of time
• (concession period approximately 15-25 years), and later transferring it back
into public ownership through a single organization or consortium (BOOT
provider)
• The earned income can be based on a variety of arrangements, ranging from a
fixed annual fee (flat rate) to the measured quantity supplied (unit rate) and
"Take-or-pay" arrangements are effectively two part tariffs expressed in a
different manner.
17
18. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Advantages and Disadvantages
18
Advantages Dis-advantages
Strong financial incentives for the
BOOT operator
Higher cost for the end user due to the BOOT
provider accountability of 100 percent
financing and on-going maintenance
Risk mitigation through the
involvement of multiple participants
Time consuming and resource hungry
management and monitoring of the
operating contract with the BOOT operators
Increase the project certainty and
early interest recovering through
involving a BOOT operator
Requirement of a rigorous selection process
in selecting a BOOT partner
Efficient designs, High accountability
19. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Full Privatization
• It is a service contract between a public authority and a private sector
concessionaire, where the public authority pays the concessionaire to deliver
infrastructure and related services
• Typically, the concessionaire, who builds the infrastructure asset, is financially
responsible for its condition and performance throughout the asset lifetime,
or the duration of the agreement
19
Full privatization, the private sector assumes ownership
of the infrastructure (design, build, operation and
maintenance and finance)
20. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Dis-advantages
Engages in a competitive process to
achieve the best project for the best
cost
Government risk
Establishes performance standards and
payment mechanisms
Non-complete contracts and
uncertainty over a long horizon are
other FP challenges
Faster procurement
20
21. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Analytical Comparison
• BOOT versus BOT
– The definition of BOOT and BOT is very close together and the only
difference is the ownership of facilities in BOOT and because of this, quality
of the work is vital to private
– BOOT is more efficient
– The BOOT contracts have the tendency to work well when the purpose of
the project is to offer a service, but if the aim is to improve a service or
make more efficient a system, this modality is not recommended. These
methodologies increment the complexity of the financial study
21
22. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
• FP versus BOT & BOOT
⁻ In FP, private sector has a role as engineer or constructor, Ownership, operation
and financing
⁻ On the other hand a pure private is responsible for all matter.
⁻ In BOOT final owner is public, but concession for a long period of time (25-30
year) is regarded to private
⁻ The ownership shifts from public to private as we move from FP to BOOT
⁻ Also private sector accepts more risk and preparing capital investment in
BOOT/BOT
22
23. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
• Clear law and regulation and Stable political and economical environment is an
important factor that effect BOOT/BOT project more than FP
• The degree of involvement in BOOT/BOT is restricted
• Advantage of this, is releasing from project jobs
• Disadvantage is low control of government on project
• Britain vs. turkey is a good example
– Crises in political relation of two countries caused the
– British party leave project dam building in turkey because Turkish government was not
involved with project document, they were unable to continue the project
23
24. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Conclusions
Comparison Aspect
Method Risk Public
support
Duration
period
Involvement Investment Cost for
end user
Efficiency
BOT 90% by
private
sector
Vital Long term
(20-30)
Less public 70-100%
by private
sector
Higher Medium-
high
BOOT 90% by
private
sector
Vital Long term
(30+)
Less public 70-100%
by private
sector
Higher High
FP 90% by
public
sector
Not
important
Short term Nil Lower by
public
sector
Lower -
Higher
High- Low
24
25. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
References
• World Bank Group[US] https://ppiaf.org/
• http://finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_eco_affairs/dea.asp
• Thomas, S. M, measuring the impacts of delivery system on project performance, Construction
Industry Institute, 2003
• Prof. Drs. Ir. Sebastiaan C.M. Menheere, P. S, Case Studies On Build Operate Transfer. Delft, The
Netherlands, Delft University of Technology, 1996
• Verhoeven, L., BOT in Netherlands, university of technology, Delft, Netherlands, 1997
• Menheere, C. P., Case studies on Build, Operation, and Transfer, 1996
• Canada, P. (2010, may-June). P3 Canada Fund. Retrieved May 30, 2010, from public-private
partnerships Canada:
http://www.p3canada.ca/_files/file/P3C_Project_Submission_Guide_Round_Two_EN.pdf
• http://toolkit.pppinindia.com/highways/sitemap-gts%20.php?links=intro1
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