The solar powered self-balancing vehicle is a two wheeled vehicle which uses solar energy stored in battery to run its motor and attain acceleration. It is convenient form of transport without consuming fuels. Self -balancing vehicle is a two wheeled vehicle which balances itself in air vertically with reference to the ground. This vehicle is designed to mirror the process of walking and can be used for inspection purpose in the malls and offices. With solar energy as source of energy self-balancing vehicle technology and related uses of non-motorized transportations, a long term solution is to establish dedicated on-motorized lanes in urban environment, which will promote more energy efficient and environment friendly travel means. In this research solar energy is used as a source of fuel. A D.C motor is driven by solar energy. Solar energy is a natural resource available free of cost and in adequate quantity. The balancing of vehicle is achieved by the weight balance on the platform plate at the static condition and the action of inertia forces in the dynamic state. This vehicle is capable of moving with the speed of 30 Km/hr.
IRJET- A Review on Parallel Parking of the VehicleIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of different approaches to parallel parking a vehicle. It discusses 5 studies that have proposed various mechanisms and systems for parallel parking, including: 1) Using a fifth wheel mounted on the rear of the vehicle that can lift the rear of the car to allow it to be rotated into a parking space. 2) Modifying the steering mechanism to allow for tighter turns and smaller turning radii. 3) Implementing sensors and automated controls to parallel park the vehicle by sensing the available space and maneuvering itself into the space. 4) Developing a four-wheel steering system to reduce the turning radius compared to conventional two-wheel steering. 5) Attaching auxiliary wheels to the bottom of the vehicle that can lift it and
Paper on Design and Analysis of Wheel set assembly & Disassembly Hydraulic Pr...rahulmonikasharma
The wheels of the train are the part that carries the maximum static load, high axle load, high speeds, shocks and extreme weather conditions which expose them to and wear and tear which ultimately leads to failure. It is necessary for the railway department to maintain the wheels assembly for the safety and optimum working as defective wheel increases the risk of a train derailment. The wheels undergo periodic maintenance, and visual inspection is also carried out every day.To test the life and condition of the wheels special not destructive tests are carried out in every 18 months. This project is an industrial project for AI ENGINEERING ENTERPRISES. It involves the design and analysis of Hydraulic Press Machine which is used to assemble & dissemble the locomotive wheel set. In this part of paper we studied the different literatures for gaining the deep knowledge and also studying the work which was done related to our project.
The document describes a multipurpose agricultural robot designed by students to improve efficiency in agricultural tasks. The robot can perform multiple functions including plowing, seeding, fertilizing and watering using a single device. It is powered by both battery and solar panels. The robot aims to reduce labor costs and challenges around water access and labor availability. It allows a farmer to remotely operate and monitor the robot from a distance. The students designed the robot with the goal of automating common agricultural operations in a single efficient machine.
Fabrication of Stair Climber Material Handling System for Small Scale IndustryIRJET Journal
This document describes the fabrication of a stair climbing material handling system for small scale industries. The system uses gear motors, wiper motors, batteries, tri-wheels, a microcontroller circuit, and remote control to transport loads up and down stairs. It has four sets of wheels arranged in a triangular pattern to provide stability while climbing. The system is designed to reduce labor costs and efficiently transport loads using less power. It could be used to transport goods in facilities that require frequent lifting of items up stairs, such as libraries, hospitals, and industrial sites. The document outlines the objectives, motor selection, fabrication process, and working mechanism of the stair climbing trolley system.
Minimum cost implementation of autonomous vehicleeSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a low-cost autonomous vehicle system using an ARM-7 microcontroller. The system consists of electrical and electronic components including batteries, motors, ultrasonic sensors, an LCD display and the ARM-7 microcontroller. It is designed to navigate preset maps and avoid obstacles using the ultrasonic sensors. The vehicle starts upon entering a correct password and then follows the selected map route while checking the sensors for obstacles. If an obstacle is detected, it will turn to avoid it and resume following the map. The system was able to autonomously navigate routes and demonstrate obstacle avoidance abilities.
IRJET - A Dynamic Model and Analysis of Innovative E-BikeIRJET Journal
This document presents the design and analysis of an innovative e-bike. Key features of the e-bike include a spring shock absorber, MOSFET circuit, and Shimano 7-gear drive system. The frame design incorporates a 4-bar linkage spring mechanism to absorb shock and vibrations. The e-bike can recharge itself during use via a dynamo and MOSFET circuit, reducing dependency on non-renewable fuels. Analyses are presented on motor sizing, shaft stresses, sprocket sizes, chain tensions, and battery charging time. The e-bike aims to provide convenient transportation while reducing traffic, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
A Study on Effect of Air Resistance on MotorcycleIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of air resistance on motorcycles. It begins with an abstract that outlines how air resistance plays an important role in motorcycle performance by affecting factors like fuel efficiency, power output, and speed. The introduction provides background on aerodynamics and defines key terms. The body of the document then discusses the history of motorcycle aerodynamics, an overview of aerodynamic forces and moments on motorcycles, and concludes that motorcycle performance can be improved by modifying aerodynamic shape to reduce drag and improve speed and fuel efficiency.
The document describes the design of an automated vertical storage and retrieval system. Key points:
- The system aims to maximize vertical space utilization while reducing floor space usage and the need for manual labor to store and retrieve items.
- It consists of a motor, frame, shelves, chain drive system, and control system using a color sensor and microcontroller.
- Eight shelves can be moved vertically by the chain drive system. Each shelf is assigned a unique color detected by the sensor to retrieve the correct shelf.
- The system was designed, fabricated, and tested successfully. It takes 25 seconds to complete a full rotation and shelves move at 14.4 cm/s. The system provides an efficient way to
IRJET- A Review on Parallel Parking of the VehicleIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of different approaches to parallel parking a vehicle. It discusses 5 studies that have proposed various mechanisms and systems for parallel parking, including: 1) Using a fifth wheel mounted on the rear of the vehicle that can lift the rear of the car to allow it to be rotated into a parking space. 2) Modifying the steering mechanism to allow for tighter turns and smaller turning radii. 3) Implementing sensors and automated controls to parallel park the vehicle by sensing the available space and maneuvering itself into the space. 4) Developing a four-wheel steering system to reduce the turning radius compared to conventional two-wheel steering. 5) Attaching auxiliary wheels to the bottom of the vehicle that can lift it and
Paper on Design and Analysis of Wheel set assembly & Disassembly Hydraulic Pr...rahulmonikasharma
The wheels of the train are the part that carries the maximum static load, high axle load, high speeds, shocks and extreme weather conditions which expose them to and wear and tear which ultimately leads to failure. It is necessary for the railway department to maintain the wheels assembly for the safety and optimum working as defective wheel increases the risk of a train derailment. The wheels undergo periodic maintenance, and visual inspection is also carried out every day.To test the life and condition of the wheels special not destructive tests are carried out in every 18 months. This project is an industrial project for AI ENGINEERING ENTERPRISES. It involves the design and analysis of Hydraulic Press Machine which is used to assemble & dissemble the locomotive wheel set. In this part of paper we studied the different literatures for gaining the deep knowledge and also studying the work which was done related to our project.
The document describes a multipurpose agricultural robot designed by students to improve efficiency in agricultural tasks. The robot can perform multiple functions including plowing, seeding, fertilizing and watering using a single device. It is powered by both battery and solar panels. The robot aims to reduce labor costs and challenges around water access and labor availability. It allows a farmer to remotely operate and monitor the robot from a distance. The students designed the robot with the goal of automating common agricultural operations in a single efficient machine.
Fabrication of Stair Climber Material Handling System for Small Scale IndustryIRJET Journal
This document describes the fabrication of a stair climbing material handling system for small scale industries. The system uses gear motors, wiper motors, batteries, tri-wheels, a microcontroller circuit, and remote control to transport loads up and down stairs. It has four sets of wheels arranged in a triangular pattern to provide stability while climbing. The system is designed to reduce labor costs and efficiently transport loads using less power. It could be used to transport goods in facilities that require frequent lifting of items up stairs, such as libraries, hospitals, and industrial sites. The document outlines the objectives, motor selection, fabrication process, and working mechanism of the stair climbing trolley system.
Minimum cost implementation of autonomous vehicleeSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a low-cost autonomous vehicle system using an ARM-7 microcontroller. The system consists of electrical and electronic components including batteries, motors, ultrasonic sensors, an LCD display and the ARM-7 microcontroller. It is designed to navigate preset maps and avoid obstacles using the ultrasonic sensors. The vehicle starts upon entering a correct password and then follows the selected map route while checking the sensors for obstacles. If an obstacle is detected, it will turn to avoid it and resume following the map. The system was able to autonomously navigate routes and demonstrate obstacle avoidance abilities.
IRJET - A Dynamic Model and Analysis of Innovative E-BikeIRJET Journal
This document presents the design and analysis of an innovative e-bike. Key features of the e-bike include a spring shock absorber, MOSFET circuit, and Shimano 7-gear drive system. The frame design incorporates a 4-bar linkage spring mechanism to absorb shock and vibrations. The e-bike can recharge itself during use via a dynamo and MOSFET circuit, reducing dependency on non-renewable fuels. Analyses are presented on motor sizing, shaft stresses, sprocket sizes, chain tensions, and battery charging time. The e-bike aims to provide convenient transportation while reducing traffic, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
A Study on Effect of Air Resistance on MotorcycleIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of air resistance on motorcycles. It begins with an abstract that outlines how air resistance plays an important role in motorcycle performance by affecting factors like fuel efficiency, power output, and speed. The introduction provides background on aerodynamics and defines key terms. The body of the document then discusses the history of motorcycle aerodynamics, an overview of aerodynamic forces and moments on motorcycles, and concludes that motorcycle performance can be improved by modifying aerodynamic shape to reduce drag and improve speed and fuel efficiency.
The document describes the design of an automated vertical storage and retrieval system. Key points:
- The system aims to maximize vertical space utilization while reducing floor space usage and the need for manual labor to store and retrieve items.
- It consists of a motor, frame, shelves, chain drive system, and control system using a color sensor and microcontroller.
- Eight shelves can be moved vertically by the chain drive system. Each shelf is assigned a unique color detected by the sensor to retrieve the correct shelf.
- The system was designed, fabricated, and tested successfully. It takes 25 seconds to complete a full rotation and shelves move at 14.4 cm/s. The system provides an efficient way to
IRJET- Fabrication of Universal Drilling MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a universal drilling machine. It aims to combine the flexibility of a hand drill with the stability of a bench drill. The universal drilling machine consists of a base frame, vertical arm, robotic arm, linkages, motor, drill chuck, and other components. It works by converting electric energy from a battery into rotational motion via a motor and drill chuck. The linkages and joints allow multi-directional movement, providing more accessibility and flexibility compared to conventional drilling machines. The universal drilling machine is expected to require less effort from operators while maintaining accuracy.
In this paper we present a multi-purpose agricultural robot to implement precision irrigation, fertilizer addition and de-weeding, apart from continuous monitoring of crop and soil conditions. This will involve efficient utilization of water resources, intensive plant and soil monitoring, condition based use of fertilizers and the ability to work in unstructured environments. Developed agriculture needs to find new ways to improve efficiency.
Big Data and Data Analytics: An Action Platform for the Science of PredictionIJERA Editor
Analytics is the detection and communication of meaningful motive in data. Analytics plays a key role in areas rich with recorded information. The role of data is escalating tenaciously in the present day. Analysis of the data is the process of inspecting, removing the obsolete information and transforming the data into useful information. Data analytics approach is pragmatic in nature. Data Analytics uses multiple approaches and techniques, like use of mathematical approach and data analytics is used in multiple domains namely business, technology, automobile and many more. This paper focuses on how data plays a key role in the field of analytics. It deals with the implementation of data analytics in different domains. Data analytics:An action platform for the science of prediction.
Special purpose machine tools are designed and manu factured for specific jobs and such never produced in bulk such machines are finding increasi ng use in industries the techniques for designing such machine would obviously be quite different fro m those used for mass produced machine. A very keen judgment is essential for success of such mach ines. This paper explains a case study of designing special purpose machine and manufactured at ABC Com pany which found beneficial in increasing production quantity & reducing manpower.
This document discusses the development of a CAD model for a flywheel motor system that can be operated by multiple riders. The flywheel motor is a key component in many manually powered machines that store human energy through pedaling and release it to drive machine processes. Previous flywheel motor designs only accommodated a single rider. The proposed new design includes two bicycle mechanisms mounted on a common shaft that allow two people to pedal and contribute energy simultaneously. The document outlines design considerations for flywheel speed, size, gear ratios, and other parameters based on prior research. It presents the CAD model created in Solid Edge software, which can be used for simulation, analysis and optimization of the multi-rider flywheel motor system.
The document describes a two-wheeled self-balancing robot project created by three students. It has two modes: balancing mode, where it automatically balances itself, and Bluetooth mode, where it can be controlled remotely via an Android phone. The robot was designed to be affordable and help disabled individuals, and incorporates a gyroscope, sensors, and an Arduino controller. The students faced challenges but created a functional prototype and discuss potential applications and future improvements.
Walking E-Bike is a project which focuses on the design and fabrication of a totally new way of moving. The idea is to create economic and ecological exercise machine/transport. The bike responds to walking input on the treadmill belt and powers it. Alternative power is given to the wheel using a motor. The transmission is done using a series of chain drives. The structure is well balanced and strongly built to withstand higher loads. The motor supports the vehicle to move in difficult terrains and steep slopes.
IRJET- Automatic Reverse Breaking System for TrolleyIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic reverse braking system for vehicles. The system uses sensors to detect obstacles behind a vehicle in reverse and automatically applies the brakes to prevent collisions. It is meant to address the problem of accidents that occur during reversing due to difficulties detecting objects or careless driving. The system would process sensor data and control the vehicle brakes to maintain a safe distance from any detected objects. It proposes implementing the control logic on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) microcontroller. The goal is to design a reliable automatic braking system that prevents injuries from reversing collisions by quickly detecting obstacles and braking the vehicle.
Review: Composite Flywheel for High Speed ApplicationAM Publications
Flywheel is a device to smoothen the cyclic fluctuation of speed change when delivering constant output
power from the engine. It has no influence on the mean speed of the prime mover. It has no influence on the varying
load demand on the prime mover or the delivered power from the prime mover. In the forgoing discussion, it is
observed that turning moment diagrams for the cycle show period during which torque is in excess of the mean torque
responsible for the constant power output and also periods during which the torque is less than the mean torque. Thus
the speed of the flywheel would increase during period of excess of torque during the cycle and the speed will fall
during the period of the deficit torque during the cycle. Thus a flywheel stores energy and releases energy during the
cycle without affecting mean energy output. Thus a properly designed flywheel has to ensure the cyclic fluctuations of
speed within prescribed limits preferably as small as possible. The main objective of our project is to reduce weight of
automobile by using composite material. In this Project Work taking Flywheel as an Automobile component and
applying FEA analysis using ANSYS to optimize weight and strength of flywheel. Here Performing Analysis on metal
flywheel, carbon fiber flywheel and composite i.e. metal and carbon fiber flywheel. By using ANSYS stresses obtained
& compared with analytical calculations, also weight is compared. Composite flywheel made from steel rim & carbon
fiber body will be safe for automobile applications like F1 car. From analysis & analytical results composite flywheel
for automobile can be selected.
APPLICATION OF BUCK CONVERTER ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DYNAMIC BRAKING ...AM Publications
Three phase induction motors in various industries are very important to be stopped within a short time. Dynamic braking of three phase induction motor has been commonly used to break an induction motor electrically. However, dynamic braking method does not stop the rotation of the motor as quick as mechanical braking. In this research, will discuss about dynamic braking using direct current method. Buck Converter design is made as DC source for direct current braking in three phase induction motors. Based on the result of measurement, buck converter can operate on minimum duty cycle 10% with output voltage 11,3V and output current 0,16A. When duty cycle operates at maximum duty cycle 90%, output voltage is 29,95V and output current is 1,15A. The test results also prove that the buck converter was successfully applied to direct current braking of the three phase induction motor and has succeeded in stopping the motor fastest in 0.18 seconds when the motor are not coupled with DC generator and 1.7 seconds for the condition is coupled with the DC generator.
This document describes a proposed system to generate electricity from speed bumps or rumble strips using a rack and pinion mechanism. The system would convert the kinetic energy of vehicles passing over the rumble strips into rotational motion using the rack and pinion. This rotational motion would then turn an electric generator to produce electricity. Calculations are provided for the design of the rack and pinion, bevel gears, springs, shafts, bearings, and pulleys required for the system. The proposed system aims to tap into wasted kinetic energy from vehicles to generate affordable and sustainable electricity.
6.design fabrication and analysis of tri wheeled electric vehicle (2)EditorJST
In daily life we can observe the difficulties of carrying the patients, old people, physically handicapped in public places like airports, railway stations, bus stands, hospitals, college campuses etc. To aid such people we prepared an electric tri-car to ease the task of carrying them. Moreover, it is a multipurpose vehicle to carry pilgrims in pilgrim places, to carry inspection teams in industries, estates or campuses etc. The seating arrangement of this tri-car is such a way that the disabled can easily get into the vehicle and also get down. This tri-car is designed and analyzed with the help of the soft ware called PROE. Then analysis is done in Statistical and Modal Analysis. We modeled and fabricated a tri-car into a three wheeled electric powered vehicle with three seats and can accommodate two pillions and a driver. We designed the vehicle to be propelled by an electric hub motor mounted in the front wheel and powered by 48V Lithium-ion battery.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ROAD CLEANING AND SCRAP COLLECTING MACHINEIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a road cleaning and scrap collecting machine. A team of students designed the machine to efficiently clean roads and collect scrap using low-cost, easy to acquire materials. The machine features rotating scrubbers powered by a DC motor to clean the road surface. A cleaning brush pushes scrap into a storage tank. It is operated remotely by a button remote to minimize human labor while cleaning. The design aims to provide an affordable alternative to traditional road cleaning methods.
IRJET- Design of Automatic Garbage Collecting VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an automatic garbage collecting vehicle. Some key points:
- The vehicle is battery-powered and three-wheeled, with a garbage container as a tail. It uses a mechanical arm with actuators to lift and dump garbage bins into the container.
- The arm has three degrees of freedom and a gripper to pick up bins. It is placed on the right side of the vehicle for easy operation by a single worker.
- Components like the chassis, wheel hub, axle, and arm are modeled and analyzed for strength using CREO and ANSYS software. The vehicle is designed to be lightweight, low-maintenance and reduce pollution compared to traditional garbage trucks.
Design and analysis of an electric karteSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the design and analysis of an electric motor powered kart. The main aim of this paper is to reduce the usage of organic fuel powered vehicles and to design a vehicle which works efficiently in the emerging electric vehicle sector. In order to maintain the speed levels of the kart, seamless decision was made in motor selection. Alternate materials have been applied in the kart to reduce both static and dynamic forces in pursuance of improving the efficiency and performance of the kart. Detailed design of subsystems like chassis frame, steering system, electrical power train and braking mechanism has been done effectively. The main focus of the frame design was on the stability of the kart and safety of the driver. The CAD model of the kart was done in CREO 2.0. Aluminium alloy 6063 has been employed for the frame to reduce the overall weight. To check the feasibility of the frame design, finite element analysis has been done using ANSYS 14.5. The results obtained showed that the frame design was safe under maximal impact load conditions. Weight reduction was a major concern and hence linkage type steering was selected for the kart. Motor, the heart of the electric vehicle was selected and installed in such a way that it can perform well for an extended run time. PMDC motor was selected in this case. Speed control of the kart was done using a voltage controller. The kart is provided with a timing belt drive to achieve maximum efficiency in transmission of power from the motor to the wheels. Hydraulic disc brakes were provided for smooth and effective braking under both dry and wet conditions. Slick tires are used to provide more traction. Design calculations were carried out and optimum results were obtained. An extensive market survey was also done on frame material, brakes, motor, transmission system for cost and availability. International standards were followed throughout the design process. Keywords: Stability, Frame, Finite Element Analysis, PMDC Motor, Timing belt
Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Tricycle for Different Frame MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document describes research on designing and analyzing a hybrid tricycle frame made of different materials. The researchers modeled a tricycle frame in SolidWorks and analyzed four materials - AISI 1080, AISI 304, AISI 4130, and ASTM A36 steel - for the frame using finite element analysis in ANSYS. They meshed the frame model and simulated frontal, side, and rollover impacts to determine the best material based on deformation, stress, strain, and safety factor. The analysis found that AISI 4130 steel performed the best, with better results for deformation, stress, strain, and safety while also being lightweight and moderately priced.
Concept Design and Analysis of Low Cost O-Ring Assembly Machine for Adjustabl...AM Publications
This paper deals with the design of low cost O-ring assembly machine for adjustable ball race assembly. The O-ring sub-assembly is used in TAFE (Tractor and Forming Equipment) steering assembly unit. The adjustable ball race contains the O-ring which avoids the leakage of grease applied on the ball race. The main problem was absence of O-ring in the ABR assembly. This is because of the human errors in assembling the O-ring and adjustable ball race. There was no mechanism or the sensors to ensure the presence of O-ring in the assembly. To eliminate the manual error of workers O-ring assembly machine was designed. This paper consists of design, analysis of the O-ring assembly machine.
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCIDENT-FREE SOLAR POWERED JEEPIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of an accident-free solar-powered jeep. A team of students and professors at the S.G. Balekundri Institute of Technology in Belgaum, Karnataka, India designed and built the vehicle. It has a solar power system to run completely on solar energy, making it zero-emission. An intelligent system continuously monitors the vehicle's condition and sends data to the cloud to prevent breakdowns. Collision avoidance and GPS tracking systems were also implemented to increase safety. The team fabricated the vehicle's chassis and four-wheel electric drive train. Sensors detect obstacles and adjust the vehicle's speed accordingly. Testing showed the GPS and obstacle detection systems worked accurately. The solar-powered je
Analysis and Fabrication of Rollcage for Solar Vehiclepaperpublications3
Abstract: This work, focused on an idea about hybrid solar car technology which solves the major problem of fuel and pollution in present days. Determine how feasible widespread change to hybrids would be in future with all information taken into account, concluded that hybrids have several advantages as fuel efficient, low pollution. In the present work a complete drawing and drafting of hybrid solar car have been prepared using CATIA V5R19 software. After complete analysis of this drawing by using ANSYS 14.5 it is find out bear capability of load, stress, and strain of front & rear collision of car frame. A completed data are analyzed to examine the technical aspects of the hybrid car technology. Overall, hybrid technology has a lot of potential in the distant future, but as for right now they are not a significant applied over today’s internal combustion engine.
IRJET- A Review of Regenerative Shock AbsorberIRJET Journal
This document reviews regenerative shock absorbers that can harvest energy from vehicle suspensions. It discusses how shock absorbers currently dissipate vibration energy as heat but regenerative designs aim to convert this wasted energy into electricity. The paper proposes a design using a motion rectifier gear train to improve energy harvesting efficiency from linear suspension vibrations. It aims to convert vibrations into rotational energy to power a generator and store electricity. The design could utilize more of the onboard energy in vehicles and increase efficiency. The review discusses objectives of harvesting suspension vibration energy and storing it gradually in an elastic element to rotate a generator. It analyzes the relevance of regenerative shock absorbers for sustainability by reducing energy losses in vehicles.
Model development and the shape optimization analysis of a rear knuckle for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract Automotive motorsport sector demands lightweight car component that directly contributes to fuel efficiency of a race car. Currently, EIMA Race Car got issues with the car weight. The current knuckle is heavy and did not undergo design process and analysis. The race cars need to compete with others in a 15 laps of endurance race. Refueling is prohibited during the race, thus it is very important to ensure the parts are in top condition and lightweight. By using the selected method and optimization tool for the rear knuckle, this paper looks into the design and development of a knuckle for EIMA race car. Solidworks has been used as a design tool and analysis process. The final design then undergoes an optimization process and the proposed design has been fabricated. The result can be considered successful as the new design is 70% lighter than the current rear knuckle. Keywords: Product Design, simulation, race car knuckle, lightweight, optimization.
IRJET- Fabrication of Universal Drilling MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a universal drilling machine. It aims to combine the flexibility of a hand drill with the stability of a bench drill. The universal drilling machine consists of a base frame, vertical arm, robotic arm, linkages, motor, drill chuck, and other components. It works by converting electric energy from a battery into rotational motion via a motor and drill chuck. The linkages and joints allow multi-directional movement, providing more accessibility and flexibility compared to conventional drilling machines. The universal drilling machine is expected to require less effort from operators while maintaining accuracy.
In this paper we present a multi-purpose agricultural robot to implement precision irrigation, fertilizer addition and de-weeding, apart from continuous monitoring of crop and soil conditions. This will involve efficient utilization of water resources, intensive plant and soil monitoring, condition based use of fertilizers and the ability to work in unstructured environments. Developed agriculture needs to find new ways to improve efficiency.
Big Data and Data Analytics: An Action Platform for the Science of PredictionIJERA Editor
Analytics is the detection and communication of meaningful motive in data. Analytics plays a key role in areas rich with recorded information. The role of data is escalating tenaciously in the present day. Analysis of the data is the process of inspecting, removing the obsolete information and transforming the data into useful information. Data analytics approach is pragmatic in nature. Data Analytics uses multiple approaches and techniques, like use of mathematical approach and data analytics is used in multiple domains namely business, technology, automobile and many more. This paper focuses on how data plays a key role in the field of analytics. It deals with the implementation of data analytics in different domains. Data analytics:An action platform for the science of prediction.
Special purpose machine tools are designed and manu factured for specific jobs and such never produced in bulk such machines are finding increasi ng use in industries the techniques for designing such machine would obviously be quite different fro m those used for mass produced machine. A very keen judgment is essential for success of such mach ines. This paper explains a case study of designing special purpose machine and manufactured at ABC Com pany which found beneficial in increasing production quantity & reducing manpower.
This document discusses the development of a CAD model for a flywheel motor system that can be operated by multiple riders. The flywheel motor is a key component in many manually powered machines that store human energy through pedaling and release it to drive machine processes. Previous flywheel motor designs only accommodated a single rider. The proposed new design includes two bicycle mechanisms mounted on a common shaft that allow two people to pedal and contribute energy simultaneously. The document outlines design considerations for flywheel speed, size, gear ratios, and other parameters based on prior research. It presents the CAD model created in Solid Edge software, which can be used for simulation, analysis and optimization of the multi-rider flywheel motor system.
The document describes a two-wheeled self-balancing robot project created by three students. It has two modes: balancing mode, where it automatically balances itself, and Bluetooth mode, where it can be controlled remotely via an Android phone. The robot was designed to be affordable and help disabled individuals, and incorporates a gyroscope, sensors, and an Arduino controller. The students faced challenges but created a functional prototype and discuss potential applications and future improvements.
Walking E-Bike is a project which focuses on the design and fabrication of a totally new way of moving. The idea is to create economic and ecological exercise machine/transport. The bike responds to walking input on the treadmill belt and powers it. Alternative power is given to the wheel using a motor. The transmission is done using a series of chain drives. The structure is well balanced and strongly built to withstand higher loads. The motor supports the vehicle to move in difficult terrains and steep slopes.
IRJET- Automatic Reverse Breaking System for TrolleyIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic reverse braking system for vehicles. The system uses sensors to detect obstacles behind a vehicle in reverse and automatically applies the brakes to prevent collisions. It is meant to address the problem of accidents that occur during reversing due to difficulties detecting objects or careless driving. The system would process sensor data and control the vehicle brakes to maintain a safe distance from any detected objects. It proposes implementing the control logic on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) microcontroller. The goal is to design a reliable automatic braking system that prevents injuries from reversing collisions by quickly detecting obstacles and braking the vehicle.
Review: Composite Flywheel for High Speed ApplicationAM Publications
Flywheel is a device to smoothen the cyclic fluctuation of speed change when delivering constant output
power from the engine. It has no influence on the mean speed of the prime mover. It has no influence on the varying
load demand on the prime mover or the delivered power from the prime mover. In the forgoing discussion, it is
observed that turning moment diagrams for the cycle show period during which torque is in excess of the mean torque
responsible for the constant power output and also periods during which the torque is less than the mean torque. Thus
the speed of the flywheel would increase during period of excess of torque during the cycle and the speed will fall
during the period of the deficit torque during the cycle. Thus a flywheel stores energy and releases energy during the
cycle without affecting mean energy output. Thus a properly designed flywheel has to ensure the cyclic fluctuations of
speed within prescribed limits preferably as small as possible. The main objective of our project is to reduce weight of
automobile by using composite material. In this Project Work taking Flywheel as an Automobile component and
applying FEA analysis using ANSYS to optimize weight and strength of flywheel. Here Performing Analysis on metal
flywheel, carbon fiber flywheel and composite i.e. metal and carbon fiber flywheel. By using ANSYS stresses obtained
& compared with analytical calculations, also weight is compared. Composite flywheel made from steel rim & carbon
fiber body will be safe for automobile applications like F1 car. From analysis & analytical results composite flywheel
for automobile can be selected.
APPLICATION OF BUCK CONVERTER ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DYNAMIC BRAKING ...AM Publications
Three phase induction motors in various industries are very important to be stopped within a short time. Dynamic braking of three phase induction motor has been commonly used to break an induction motor electrically. However, dynamic braking method does not stop the rotation of the motor as quick as mechanical braking. In this research, will discuss about dynamic braking using direct current method. Buck Converter design is made as DC source for direct current braking in three phase induction motors. Based on the result of measurement, buck converter can operate on minimum duty cycle 10% with output voltage 11,3V and output current 0,16A. When duty cycle operates at maximum duty cycle 90%, output voltage is 29,95V and output current is 1,15A. The test results also prove that the buck converter was successfully applied to direct current braking of the three phase induction motor and has succeeded in stopping the motor fastest in 0.18 seconds when the motor are not coupled with DC generator and 1.7 seconds for the condition is coupled with the DC generator.
This document describes a proposed system to generate electricity from speed bumps or rumble strips using a rack and pinion mechanism. The system would convert the kinetic energy of vehicles passing over the rumble strips into rotational motion using the rack and pinion. This rotational motion would then turn an electric generator to produce electricity. Calculations are provided for the design of the rack and pinion, bevel gears, springs, shafts, bearings, and pulleys required for the system. The proposed system aims to tap into wasted kinetic energy from vehicles to generate affordable and sustainable electricity.
6.design fabrication and analysis of tri wheeled electric vehicle (2)EditorJST
In daily life we can observe the difficulties of carrying the patients, old people, physically handicapped in public places like airports, railway stations, bus stands, hospitals, college campuses etc. To aid such people we prepared an electric tri-car to ease the task of carrying them. Moreover, it is a multipurpose vehicle to carry pilgrims in pilgrim places, to carry inspection teams in industries, estates or campuses etc. The seating arrangement of this tri-car is such a way that the disabled can easily get into the vehicle and also get down. This tri-car is designed and analyzed with the help of the soft ware called PROE. Then analysis is done in Statistical and Modal Analysis. We modeled and fabricated a tri-car into a three wheeled electric powered vehicle with three seats and can accommodate two pillions and a driver. We designed the vehicle to be propelled by an electric hub motor mounted in the front wheel and powered by 48V Lithium-ion battery.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ROAD CLEANING AND SCRAP COLLECTING MACHINEIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a road cleaning and scrap collecting machine. A team of students designed the machine to efficiently clean roads and collect scrap using low-cost, easy to acquire materials. The machine features rotating scrubbers powered by a DC motor to clean the road surface. A cleaning brush pushes scrap into a storage tank. It is operated remotely by a button remote to minimize human labor while cleaning. The design aims to provide an affordable alternative to traditional road cleaning methods.
IRJET- Design of Automatic Garbage Collecting VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an automatic garbage collecting vehicle. Some key points:
- The vehicle is battery-powered and three-wheeled, with a garbage container as a tail. It uses a mechanical arm with actuators to lift and dump garbage bins into the container.
- The arm has three degrees of freedom and a gripper to pick up bins. It is placed on the right side of the vehicle for easy operation by a single worker.
- Components like the chassis, wheel hub, axle, and arm are modeled and analyzed for strength using CREO and ANSYS software. The vehicle is designed to be lightweight, low-maintenance and reduce pollution compared to traditional garbage trucks.
Design and analysis of an electric karteSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the design and analysis of an electric motor powered kart. The main aim of this paper is to reduce the usage of organic fuel powered vehicles and to design a vehicle which works efficiently in the emerging electric vehicle sector. In order to maintain the speed levels of the kart, seamless decision was made in motor selection. Alternate materials have been applied in the kart to reduce both static and dynamic forces in pursuance of improving the efficiency and performance of the kart. Detailed design of subsystems like chassis frame, steering system, electrical power train and braking mechanism has been done effectively. The main focus of the frame design was on the stability of the kart and safety of the driver. The CAD model of the kart was done in CREO 2.0. Aluminium alloy 6063 has been employed for the frame to reduce the overall weight. To check the feasibility of the frame design, finite element analysis has been done using ANSYS 14.5. The results obtained showed that the frame design was safe under maximal impact load conditions. Weight reduction was a major concern and hence linkage type steering was selected for the kart. Motor, the heart of the electric vehicle was selected and installed in such a way that it can perform well for an extended run time. PMDC motor was selected in this case. Speed control of the kart was done using a voltage controller. The kart is provided with a timing belt drive to achieve maximum efficiency in transmission of power from the motor to the wheels. Hydraulic disc brakes were provided for smooth and effective braking under both dry and wet conditions. Slick tires are used to provide more traction. Design calculations were carried out and optimum results were obtained. An extensive market survey was also done on frame material, brakes, motor, transmission system for cost and availability. International standards were followed throughout the design process. Keywords: Stability, Frame, Finite Element Analysis, PMDC Motor, Timing belt
Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Tricycle for Different Frame MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document describes research on designing and analyzing a hybrid tricycle frame made of different materials. The researchers modeled a tricycle frame in SolidWorks and analyzed four materials - AISI 1080, AISI 304, AISI 4130, and ASTM A36 steel - for the frame using finite element analysis in ANSYS. They meshed the frame model and simulated frontal, side, and rollover impacts to determine the best material based on deformation, stress, strain, and safety factor. The analysis found that AISI 4130 steel performed the best, with better results for deformation, stress, strain, and safety while also being lightweight and moderately priced.
Concept Design and Analysis of Low Cost O-Ring Assembly Machine for Adjustabl...AM Publications
This paper deals with the design of low cost O-ring assembly machine for adjustable ball race assembly. The O-ring sub-assembly is used in TAFE (Tractor and Forming Equipment) steering assembly unit. The adjustable ball race contains the O-ring which avoids the leakage of grease applied on the ball race. The main problem was absence of O-ring in the ABR assembly. This is because of the human errors in assembling the O-ring and adjustable ball race. There was no mechanism or the sensors to ensure the presence of O-ring in the assembly. To eliminate the manual error of workers O-ring assembly machine was designed. This paper consists of design, analysis of the O-ring assembly machine.
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCIDENT-FREE SOLAR POWERED JEEPIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of an accident-free solar-powered jeep. A team of students and professors at the S.G. Balekundri Institute of Technology in Belgaum, Karnataka, India designed and built the vehicle. It has a solar power system to run completely on solar energy, making it zero-emission. An intelligent system continuously monitors the vehicle's condition and sends data to the cloud to prevent breakdowns. Collision avoidance and GPS tracking systems were also implemented to increase safety. The team fabricated the vehicle's chassis and four-wheel electric drive train. Sensors detect obstacles and adjust the vehicle's speed accordingly. Testing showed the GPS and obstacle detection systems worked accurately. The solar-powered je
Analysis and Fabrication of Rollcage for Solar Vehiclepaperpublications3
Abstract: This work, focused on an idea about hybrid solar car technology which solves the major problem of fuel and pollution in present days. Determine how feasible widespread change to hybrids would be in future with all information taken into account, concluded that hybrids have several advantages as fuel efficient, low pollution. In the present work a complete drawing and drafting of hybrid solar car have been prepared using CATIA V5R19 software. After complete analysis of this drawing by using ANSYS 14.5 it is find out bear capability of load, stress, and strain of front & rear collision of car frame. A completed data are analyzed to examine the technical aspects of the hybrid car technology. Overall, hybrid technology has a lot of potential in the distant future, but as for right now they are not a significant applied over today’s internal combustion engine.
IRJET- A Review of Regenerative Shock AbsorberIRJET Journal
This document reviews regenerative shock absorbers that can harvest energy from vehicle suspensions. It discusses how shock absorbers currently dissipate vibration energy as heat but regenerative designs aim to convert this wasted energy into electricity. The paper proposes a design using a motion rectifier gear train to improve energy harvesting efficiency from linear suspension vibrations. It aims to convert vibrations into rotational energy to power a generator and store electricity. The design could utilize more of the onboard energy in vehicles and increase efficiency. The review discusses objectives of harvesting suspension vibration energy and storing it gradually in an elastic element to rotate a generator. It analyzes the relevance of regenerative shock absorbers for sustainability by reducing energy losses in vehicles.
Model development and the shape optimization analysis of a rear knuckle for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract Automotive motorsport sector demands lightweight car component that directly contributes to fuel efficiency of a race car. Currently, EIMA Race Car got issues with the car weight. The current knuckle is heavy and did not undergo design process and analysis. The race cars need to compete with others in a 15 laps of endurance race. Refueling is prohibited during the race, thus it is very important to ensure the parts are in top condition and lightweight. By using the selected method and optimization tool for the rear knuckle, this paper looks into the design and development of a knuckle for EIMA race car. Solidworks has been used as a design tool and analysis process. The final design then undergoes an optimization process and the proposed design has been fabricated. The result can be considered successful as the new design is 70% lighter than the current rear knuckle. Keywords: Product Design, simulation, race car knuckle, lightweight, optimization.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...IRJET Journal
This document provides a design report for an All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) created by engineering students for a rally car design competition. It summarizes the design and analysis of the ATV's chassis, engine, and steering system. Key aspects of the design included selecting materials for the chassis frame to provide strength and rigidity while withstanding impacts. A 796cc three-cylinder engine was chosen for power and availability. Solidworks software was used to simulate impacts and stresses on the chassis. An Ackerman steering system with rack and pinion gear was designed to provide maneuverability.
IRJET- Battery Operated Three Wheel SegwayIRJET Journal
1) Four engineering students designed and built a low-cost, efficient, and easy to operate three-wheeled electric scooter called a Segway.
2) The Segway is powered by batteries and a motor and controller and is intended for indoor use on large campuses to reduce travel time compared to walking.
3) The students researched parts, created a 3D design, manufactured components as needed, and assembled the Segway to prove it is possible to build such a vehicle at a low cost with high performance for limited-distance transportation.
Development, Performance Analysis and Application of Solar CellIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the development of a solar-powered tricycle designed for disabled individuals. It discusses problems with existing tricycle designs, such as requiring large effort to pedal and lacking gear ratios. The proposed design uses a solar panel to charge batteries that power a BLDC hub motor and controller. It is intended to be easier to use, more efficient, and cost-effective compared to traditional tricycles or electric tricycles that rely solely on batteries. The document reviews several other research papers on solar tricycle designs and their performance testing to inform the new proposed design. The goal is to provide disabled individuals with independent and sustainable transportation.
Similar to ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED SELF BALANCING VEHICLE (20)
DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FAMILY CADRE TRAINING BASED ON ANDROID APPLICATIONS IN...AM Publications
Toddler family cadre is a community members work voluntarily in fostering and providing information to parents of toddlers about how to properly care for children. Toddler Family cadre desperately need training to increase their skills. There are still a few Toddler family cadres who get training so that the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in developing toddlers' growth through physical stimulation, motoric intelligence, emotional and social economy as well as possible are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop an Android- assisted Toddler family cadre training model in Demak. This research is research in tian research and development. The research location was in Demak Regency. Toddler family cadres became the object of this research. Development of Toddler family cadre training models assisted by Android in Demak is feasible to be used as an effort to improve Toddler Family cadres' capabilities.
TESTING OF COMPOSITE ON DROP-WEIGHT IMPACT TESTING AND DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION ...AM Publications
In recent years the use of composite materials in structural components has become increasingly common in a wide range of engineering applications. Composite materials offer numerous advantages over more conventional materials because of their superior specific properties, but a serious obstacle to a more widespread use of these materials is their high sensitivity to localized impact loading. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the impact response of drop weight impact tests on fiber reinforced polymer composites with deferent load and damage identification of composite using Non-destructive testing techniques ultrasonic testing (UT) C scan. In the study includes checking the strength of the specimen, plotting of graphs between the height and the impact energy obtained and tabulating the results after conducting the various functional tests.
THE USE OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY IN TILING MOTIF DESIGNAM Publications
In this paper I will present the use of fractal geometry to design tile motifs. A fractal is a geometric figure that combines the several characteristics among others: its parts have the same form as the whole, fragmented, and formation by iteration. The concept of fractals has been spread over all fields of sciences, technology, and art. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to creating motifs of tile algorithm for create the tile motif consists of base, iteration, coloration and duplication. In order to help the reader better understand the algorithm, I will present some script using Matlab. We describe a mathematically based algorithm that can fill a spatial region with sequence of randomly placed which may be transformed copies of one motif or several motifs. By using this algorithm, I can produce thousand variety of aesthetically pleasing tile motifs, of which we show a number of examples.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL INVERSION FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA: CA...AM Publications
Two-dimensional resistivity analysis of magnetotelluric data has been done at “Z” geothermal area which is located in southern part of Indonesia. The objective is to understand subsurface structure beneath reasearch area based on 2-D modeling of magnetotelluric data. The inversion finite element method were used for numerical simulations which requires discretization on the boundary of the modeling domain. The modeling results of magnetotelluric data shows relativity structure dissemination: 0-10 ohm.m in a thickness of 1 km (Clay Cap), 10-100 ohm.m with 1-2 km depth respectively (reservoir zone), and on a scale of 100-1000 ohm.m in a depth of 2-3 km (heat source zone). The result of relativity structure can be used to delineate an area with geothermal prospect around 12 km2.
USING THE GENETIC ALGORITHM TO OPTIMIZE LASER WELDING PARAMETERS FOR MARTENSI...AM Publications
This document presents an optimization of laser welding parameters for martensitic stainless steel using a genetic algorithm. The algorithm aims to minimize the difference between the actual and desired weld size (width and depth) by optimizing laser power, welding speed, and fiber diameter. The genetic algorithm was run 10 times with a population of 30 over 200 iterations each time. The results showed errors between optimized and experimental values of less than 5% for the parameters. The study demonstrates that genetic algorithms can effectively optimize laser welding parameters to achieve a preset weld size.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN E-MARKETPLACE FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESAM Publications
The Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises launched in 2018 the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia as many as 58.97 million people. It is predicted that the number of MSMEs players in 2019 will amount to 59.2 million. This shows that the Indonesian people have made changes in the field of family economics which initially as consumptive are now productive. The community prefers to carry out activities that can increase family income. Future MSMEs remain the mainstay of the national economy. In accordance with the government roadmap, in 2020 e-commerce transactions are predicted to reach Rp1,300 trillion or equivalent to USD130 billion. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 61.41%, with the number of MSMEs reaching almost 60 million units. However, only around 8% or 3.79 million of the 59.2 million MSMEs players have used online platforms to market their products. Based on the above problems, researchers conducted research on the analysis and display of E-Marketplace for MSMEs in Indonesia. The type of research used is action research. The object of research is MSMEs which are under the Office of Industry and Trade of Sragen Regency. The method of data collection is by techniques: (1) interview, (2) documentation (3) observation, (4) literature study. The researcher uses the waterfall method in developing the system. The research team has successfully analyzed the E-Market place according to the results of data collection. The research team has succeeded in designing the E-Marketplace for MSMEs. E-Marketplace designed can be used by admin, MSME and user. Admin is in charge of managing E-Marketplace and has full access rights. MSMEs can register online and manage their products in E-Marketplace. Users or buyers can search data in E-Marketplace as desired. To make transactions, users can interact directly with MSMEs according to the data provided in E-Marketplace. E-Marketplace can be used for marketing together MSMEs products. This e-marketplace can be accessed at www.umkmonline.com
REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AM Publications
Remote sensing technology's increasing accessibility helps us observe research and learn about our globe in ways we could only imagine a generation ago. Guides to profound knowledge of historical, conceptual and practical uses of remote sensing which is increasing GIS technology. This paper will go briefly through remote sensing benefits, history, technology and the GIS and remote sensing integration and their applications. Remote sensing (RS) is used in mapping the predicted and actual species and dominates the ecosystem canopy.
EVALUATE THE STRAIN ENERGY ERROR FOR THE LASER WELD BY THE H-REFINEMENT OF TH...AM Publications
Currently, the finite element method (FEM) is still one of the useful tools in numerical simulation for technical problems. With this method, a continuum model presented by a certain number of elements with a simple approximation field causes the presence of discretization error in solutions. This paper considers the butt weld by laser which subjected the tension for AISI 1018 steel highness 8 mm. The aim of the study is to use the h-refinement of the FEM in estimation the strain energy error for the laser weld mentioned. The results show that the stability of the h-refinement shown by the value of the relative error of the strain energy is quite small, specifically; FEM is less than 5.7% and extra is no more than 3.7%.
HMM APPLICATION IN ISOLATED WORD SPEECH RECOGNITIONAM Publications
Speech recognition is always being an all-time trendy topic for discussion and also for researches and we see a major application in our life. This paper provides the work done on the application of Hidden Markov model to implement isolated word speech recognition on MATLAB and to develop and train the system for set of self-selective words for specific user (user dependent) to get maximum efficiency in word recognition system. Which uses the forward and Baum-welch algorithm and fitting Gaussian of the Baum-welch algorithm for all the iteration perform. We use a sample of 7 alphabets which are recorded in 15 different ways giving total of 105 word to use for training with each word with 15 variations. This system can be used in real world in system security using voice security system and mainly for children and impaired people.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION IN LOW RESOLUTION VIDEOS USING A MULTI-FRAME HOG-BASED D...AM Publications
Detecting pedestrians in low resolution videos is a challenging task, due to the small size of pedestrians in the images and the limited information. In practical outdoor surveillance scenarios the pedestrian size is usually small. Existing state-of-the-art pedestrian detection methods that use histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features have poor performance in this problem domain. To compensate for the lack of information in a single frame, we propose a novel detection method that recognizes pedestrians in a short sequence of frames. Namely, we take the single-frame HOG-based detector and extend it to multiple frames. Our detector is applied to regions containing potential moving objects. In the case of video taken from a moving camera on an aerial platform, video stabilization is first performed to register the frames. A classifier is then applied to features extracted from spatio-temporal volumes surrounding the potential moving objects. On challenging stationary and aerial video datasets, our detection accuracy outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms.
The aim of this paper is to help the blind people to identify and catch the public transport vehicles with the help of Light Fidelity technology. It is a Navigation aid. When the bus arrives at the bus stand, transmitter in the bus transmits the light signals and receiver in the stick, receives the light signals and a sound signal is generated through the speaker present in the stick. The sound message contains the bus number and the destination of the bus. In addition to this, if the person is absconded or lost, details of the location will be sent to his/her family members by pressing a button. This is made possible with the help of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Finally, presence of water can be detected along the blind person’s path, with the help of water sensors.
EFFECT OF SILICON - RUBBER (SR) SHEETS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILTER ON HIGH AND L...AM Publications
A digital radiography delivers a radiation dose to patients; therefore it poses potential risk to the patients. One effort to reduce dose is carried out using a radiation filter, e.g. Silicone Rubber (SR) sheet. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the SR sheet on the high contrast objects (HCO) and the low contrast objects (LCO). The dose reduction was determined from attenuation x-rays before and after using the SR sheet. Assessment of HCO and LCO was observed from CDR TOR phantom at tube voltage of 48 kVp and tube current of 8 mAs. The physical parameter to assess image quality was the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in LCO. The maximum x-ray attenuation using the SR sheet is 48.82%. The visibility of the HCO remains the same, namely 16 objects; however the LCO slighly decreases from 14 objects to 13 objects after using the SR sheet. The SNR value decreases with an average value of 15.17%.Therefore, the SR sheet as a alternative filter has no effect on the HCO and has realtively little effect on the LCO. Thus, the SR sheet potentially is used for radiation protection in patients, especially on examinations that do not require low contrast resolution.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
REPRESENTATION OF THE BLOCK DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN AN ANALYTICAL FORM F...AM Publications
The article presents the study of cryptographic transformations of the Kuznyechik algorithm in relation to differential analysis and the translation of their representations into a more convenient form for cryptanalysis. A simplification of the type of transformations of the algorithm to algebraic the form, in which cryptanalysis software will be more effective. Since the description of the algorithm in the analytical form allows for 16 cycles of execution of the shift register with linear feedback, each of which will be carried out 16 operations of multiplication and 15 operations of addition, reduced to 16 multiplying and 15 the operations of addition. The result is an algebraic form of a linear transformation (from a shift register with linear feedback to the multiplication of the matrix in a finite field). In the future, the algebraic type of transformation can be used to effectively carry out differential cryptanalysis.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is process of classification of optical patterns contained in a digital image. The process of OCR Recognition involves several steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification. Pre-processing is for done the basic operation on input image like noise reduction which remove the noisy signal from image. Segmentation stage for segment the given image into line by line and segment each character from segmented line. Future extraction calculates the characteristics of character. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is used to classification contains the database and does the comparison.
Surveillance refers to the task of observing a scene, often for lengthy periods in search of particular objects or particular behaviour. This task has many applications, foremost among them is security (monitoring for undesirable behaviour such as theft or vandalism), but increasing numbers of others in areas such as agriculture also exist. Historically, closed circuit TV (CCTV) surveillance has been mundane and labour Intensive, involving personnel scanning multiple screens, but the advent of reasonably priced fast hardware means that automatic surveillance is becoming a realistic task to attempt in real time. Several attempts at this are underway.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
ANALYSIS ON LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION ON CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIR...AM Publications
Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. The elements involved in cloud computing are clients, data center and distributed server. One of the main problems in cloud computing is load balancing. Balancing the load means to distribute the workload among several nodes evenly so that no single node will be overloaded. Load can be of any type that is it can be CPU load, memory capacity or network load. In this paper we presented an architecture of load balancing and algorithm which will further improve the load balancing problem by minimizing the response time. In this paper, we have proposed the enhanced version of existing regulated load balancing approach for cloud computing by comping the Randomization and greedy load balancing algorithm. To check the performance of proposed approach, we have used the cloud analyst simulator (Cloud Analyst). Through simulation analysis, it has been found that proposed improved version of regulated load balancing approach has shown better performance in terms of cost, response time and data processing time.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.