Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This cephalometric analysis gives an idea about the planes ,facial types, arch and axis this slide includes Introduction
Planes,Classification of facial types,Archs,Axis,Dental axis
Conclusion,Ceph tracing
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This cephalometric analysis gives an idea about the planes ,facial types, arch and axis this slide includes Introduction
Planes,Classification of facial types,Archs,Axis,Dental axis
Conclusion,Ceph tracing
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
COGS analysis (Cephelometrics for orthognathic surgery) / fixed orthodontics ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
COGS analysis (Cephelometrics for orthognathic surgery) / fixed orthodontics ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Surgical analysis in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Surgical analysis1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This presentation describes the COGS analysis of patient's cephalogram who is in need of an orthognathic surgery. Hope it helps Orthodontists and Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons.
Mc namara analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Instrumental functional analysis / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy
Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surg.
Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar UniversityOrthognathic surgery is the art and science of combining orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery to correct dento-facial deformities.The etiology, prevalence,diagnosis and preoperative planning,and Surgical procedures are presented.
Similar to Burstone Analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Burstone Analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. BURSTONE ANALYSIS
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Burstone
Analysis
Guided By:Dr. (Mrs.) P.V. Hazarey
Prof. and Head
Presented By:Dr. V.S. Kohli
Achint Chachada
Prof. and Guide
P.G. Student
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. introduction
☺Charles J. Burstone et al (1978, 1980) developed an
analysis specially designed for patients requiring
Orthognathic surgery.
☺They used the landmarks and the measurements
that can be altered by common surgical
procedures.
☺This analysis is also called as Cephalometrics for
Orthognathic Surgery (COGS)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. introduction
☺COGS system describes the horizontal and vertical
positions of the facial bones by the use of constant
coordinate systems as follows:
☺Size of the bone are represented by direct linear
measurements.
☺Shape of the bones are represented by the angular
measurements.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. characteristics
☺Chosen landmarks and measurements can be
altered by various surgical procedures.
☺This analysis includes all the facial bones and a
cranial base reference.
☺Critical facial skeletal components are measured.
☺Measurements used, can be readily transferred to
mock surgery.
☺This systemized approach to measurements can be
computerized.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. sKeLetaL and dentaL
anaLysis
☺Landmarks
☺Sella (S) - The center of Pituitary
Fossa
☺Nasion (N) – The most anterior
point of the nasofrontal suture in
the midsagittal plane
☺Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS) – The
anterior most midsagittal point on
the tip of sharp bony process of
maxilla
☺Subspinale (A) – The deepest
midsagittal point on the concavity
between Anterior Nasal Spine and
Prosthion
☺Supramentale (B) – The deepest
point in mid sagittal plane on the
concavity between infradentale and
pogonion
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. sKeLetaL and dentaL
anaLysis
☺Landmarks
☺Pogonion (Pg) – Most anterior mid
sagittal point on the contour of the
chin
☺Gnathion (Gn) – Constructed by
bisecting the Facial plane and
tangent to lower border of mandible
☺Menton (Me) – Most inferior point
on the inferior contour of the chin
☺Pterygomaxillary fissure (Ptm) –
The most posterior point on the
anterior contour of the maxillary
tuberosity
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. sKeLetaL and dentaL
anaLysis
☺Landmarks
☺Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS) – The
most posterior point on the contour
of the palate.
☺Articulare (Ar) – The intersection of
basisphenoid and the posterior
border of the condyle
☺Gonion (Go) – constructed by
bisecting the posterior ramal plane
and mandibular plane.
☺Mandibular Plane (MP) – It is the
line joining Gonion and Gnathion
☺Nasal Floor (NF) – A plane
constructed by joining ANS and
www.indiandentalacademy.com
PNS
9. sKeLetaL and dentaL
anaLysis
☺Reference plane
☺The base line used for comparison
of most of the data in this analysis is
a constructed plane called as
Horizontal Plane (HP)
☺Most measurements in this analysis
will be made either parallel to or
perpendicular to this Horizontal
Plane.
☺It is constructed by drawing a line 70
from SN, intersecting at N
HP
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. sKeLetaL and dentaL
anaLysis
☺Cranial Base Length
☺Cranial base length is measured by
measuring the distance between Ar
and N
☺It is measured parallel to HP
☺This measurement should not be
considered as an absolute value
☺The measurement Ar to N is a
relatively stable anatomical plane,
however it can be changed by
cranial surgery
HP
☺Le Forte II and Le Forte III surgery
changes position of N
☺Autorotation of Mandible changes
position of Ar www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. sKeLetaL and dentaL
anaLysis
☺Cranial Base Length
☺Two measurements are considered
in Cranial Base length – Ar-Ptm and
Ptm-N
☺Ar-Ptm is the distance between Ar
and Ptm which is measured parallel
to HP
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
37.1 + 2.8 mm
☺FEMALES 32.8 + 1.9 mm
☺Ar-Ptm indicates the position of
mandible in relation to posterior
surface of maxilla
HP
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Cranial Base Length
☺Ptm-N is the distance between Ptm
and N which is measured parallel to
HP
HP
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
52.8 + 4.1 mm
☺FEMALES 50.9 + 3 mm
☺Ptm-N indicates the position of
posterior border of maxilla in
relation to Nasion
☺If this value increases it indicates
more posterior position of maxilla
in relation to N and if it decreases it
indicates anterior position of
www.indiandentalacademy.com
maxilla in relation to N
16. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Horizontal Skeletal Profile Analysis
☺A few simple measurements should be made on
the skeletal profile to assess the amount of
discrepancy in anteroposterior direction.
☺It is called as Horizontal Skeletal Profile analysis
because all the measurements in this set of analysis
are made parallel to HP
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Horizontal Skeletal Profile
Analysis
☺ANGLE OF SKELETAL
CONVEXITY
☺It is the angle formed between N-A
and A-Pg
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
3.90 + 6.40
☺FEMALES 2.60 + 5.10
☺A positive angle indicates convex
profile while negative angle
indicates concave profile
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Horizontal Skeletal Profile
Analysis
☺N Perpendicular to A, parallel
to HP
☺A perpendicular to HP is dropped
from N (N perpendicular) and
horizontal distance parallel to HP is
measured from point A
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
0 + 3.7 mm
☺FEMALES -2 + 3.7 mm
☺This measurement describes the
position of apical base of maxilla in
relation to nasion www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Horizontal Skeletal Profile
Analysis
☺N Perpendicular to B, parallel
to HP
☺It is obtained by measuring the
distance between Point B and
Nasion perpendicular (N
perpendicular)
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
-5.3 + 6.7 mm
☺FEMALES -6.9 + 4.3 mm
☺This measurement describes the
position of apical base of mandible
w
in relation to nasionww.indiandentalacademy.com
20. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Horizontal Skeletal Profile
Analysis
☺N Perpendicular to Pg, parallel
to HP
☺It is obtained by measuring the
distance between Pogonion and
Nasion perpendicular (N
perpendicular)
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
-4.3 + 8.5 mm
☺FEMALES -6.5 + 5.1 mm
☺This measurement describes the
position of mandibular chin in
relation to nasion www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Skeletal Analysis
☺A Vertical skeletal discrepancy may reflect an
anterior, posterior or complex dysplasia of the face
☺It is divided into two components
☺Anterior component
☺Posterior component
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Skeletal Analysis
☺N-ANS perpendicular to HP
☺Distance between N and ANS
measured perpendicular to HP gives
us the Middle third facial height.
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
54.7 + 3.2 mm
☺FEMALES 50 + 2.4 mm
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates increased or
decreased middle third facial height
respectively
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Skeletal Analysis
☺ANS-Gn perpendicular to HP
☺Distance between ANS and Gn
measured perpendicular to HP gives
us the Lower third facial height.
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
68.6 + 3.8 mm
☺FEMALES 61.3 + 3.3 mm
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates increased or
decreased lower third facial height
respectively
HP ||
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Skeletal Analysis
☺PNS-N, perpendicular to HP
☺Distance between PNS and HP
gives us the posterior maxillary
height.
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
53.9 + 1.7 mm
☺FEMALES 50.6 + 2.2 mm
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates increased or
decreased posterior maxillary
height respectively
www.indiandentalacademy.com
HP
HP ||
25. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Skeletal Analysis
☺MP – HP Angle
☺Mandibular plane angle in relation
to Horizontal plane intersecting at
Gn gives us posterior divergence of
mandible
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
230 + 5.90
☺FEMALES 24.20 + 50
☺This angle relates posterior facial
divergence with respect to anterior
HP ||
facial height
☺Any increase or decrease in value
suggests increasedwww.indiandentalacademy.com
or decreased
posterior facial divergence
26. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Dental Analysis
☺Upper 1 to NF
☺To obtain upper anterior dental
height, perpendicular distance from
incisal edge of upper incisor to NF is
measured
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
30.5 + 2.1 mm
☺FEMALES 27.5 + 1.7 mm
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates increased or
decreased upper anterior dental
height respectively
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Dental Analysis
☺Lower 1 to MP
☺To obtain lower anterior dental
height, perpendicular distance
between incisal edge of lower
incisor to MP is measured
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
45 + 2.1 mm
☺FEMALES 40.8 + 1.8 mm
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates increased or
decreased lower anterior dental
height respectively
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Dental Analysis
☺Upper 6 to NF
☺To measure upper posterior dental
height a perpendicular line is
dropped from the tip of mesiobuccal
cusp of upper first molar to NF
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
26.2 + 2.0 mm
☺FEMALES 23 + 1.3 mm
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates increased or
decreased upper posterior dental
height respectively
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Vertical Dental Analysis
☺Lower 6 to MP
☺To measure lower posterior dental
height a perpendicular line is
dropped from the mesiobuccal cusp
of lower first molar to MP
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
35.8 + 2.6 mm
☺FEMALES 32.1 + 1.9 mm
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates increased or
decreased lower posterior dental
height respectively
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Maxilla and Mandible
☺ANS to PNS
☺ANS and PNS are projected on HP
☺Distance between these two points
on HP gives us total effective
maxillary length
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
57.7 + 2.5 mm
☺FEMALES 52.6 + 3.5 mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Maxilla and Mandible
☺Ar to Go
☺Mandibular ramal length is the
linear distance between Articulare
and Gonion
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
52 + 4.2 mm
☺FEMALES 46.8 + 2.5 mm
☺Variation in Ramal length can be a
causative factor for skeletal open
bite or deep bite
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Maxilla and Mandible
☺Go to Pg
☺Mandibular body length is the
linear distance between Gonion and
Pogonion
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
83.7 + 4.6 mm
☺FEMALES 74.3 + 5.8 mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Maxilla and Mandible
☺Point B to Pg
☺This measurment describes the
prominence of chin in relation to
mandibular apical base
☺It is obtained by measuring the
distance between point B and a
perpendicular to MP passing
through Pg
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
8.9 + 1.7 mm
☺FEMALES 7.2 + 1.9 mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Maxilla and Mandible
☺Ar-Go-Gn Angle (Gonial angle)
☺This measurment represents the
relationship between the ramal
plane and mandibular plane
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
119.10 + 6.50
☺FEMALES 1220 + 6.90
☺Gonial angle also contributes to
skeletal open bite or deep bite
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Dental parameters
☺OP-HP (Angle)
☺OP is Occlusal Plane constructed
from buccal groove of first
permanent molars through a point
1 mm apical to the incisal edge of
the central incisors
☺When incisors are not in proper
overbite relation, two OP are to be
constructed, upper and lower.
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
6.20 + 5.10
☺FEMALES 7.10 + 2.50
www.indiandentalacademy.com
HP ||
36. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Dental parameters
☺OP-HP (Angle)
☺An increased OP-HP may be associated with skeletal open
bite, lip incompetence and increased anterior facial height
☺An decreased OP-HP may be associated with skeletal deep
bite, decreased anterior facial height and lip redundancy
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Dental parameters
☺A-B parallel to OP
☺ This distance is obtained by
measuring the distance between
projection of Point A and Point B on
OP
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
-1.1 + 2.0 mm
☺FEMALES -0.4 + 2.5 mm
☺This distance gives us relationship
between maxillary and mandibular
apical bases in relation to OP
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Dental parameters
☺Upper 1 to NF (Angle)
☺ This angle is constructed by
intersecting a line passing through
the tip of insical edge through the
root tip of upper incisor and NF line
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
1110 + 4.70
☺FEMALES 112.50 + 5.30
☺This angle gives us the inclination
of upper incisors in relation to
palatal plane (NF)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. SKELETAL And dEnTAL
AnALySiS
☺Dental parameters
☺Lower 1 to MP (Angle)
☺ This angle is constructed by
intersecting a line joining the incisal
edge of lower incisor passing
through its root tip and MP
☺Standard Value
☺MALES
95.90 + 5.20
☺FEMALES 95.90 + 5.70
☺This angle gives inclination of lower
incisors in relation to MP
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. SofT TiSSuE AnALySiS
☺Landmarks
☺Glabella (G) - The most prominent
point in the midsagittal plane of the
forehead
☺Soft tissue nasion (N’)- The point of
greatest concavity in the midline
between the forehead and nose
☺Columella point (Cm) – The most
anterior point on the columella of
the nose
☺Subnasale (Sn) – The point at
which the columella merges with
the upper lip in the midsagittal
plane
☺Labrale superius (Ls) - A point
indicating the mucocutaneous
www.indiandentalacademy.com
border of the upper lip
i
41. SofT TiSSuE AnALySiS
☺Landmarks
☺Stomion superius (Stms)- The
lower most point on the vermilion
border of the upper lip
☺Stomion inferius (Stm )- The upper
i
most point on the vermilion border
of the lower lip
☺Labrale inferius (Li) - A point
indicating the mucocutaneous
border of the lower lip
☺Mentolabial sulcus (Si) – The point
of greatest concavity in the midline
between the Li and Pg’
☺Soft tissue Pogonion (Pog’)- The
most prominent or anterior point
www.indiandentalacademy.com
on the chin in midsagittal plane.
i
42. SofT TiSSuE AnALySiS
☺Landmarks
☺Soft tissue Gnathion (Gn’)- The
constructed midpoint between soft
tissue pogonion and soft tissue
menton
☺Soft tissue Menton (Me’) – lowest
point on the contour of the soft
tissue chin
☺Cervical Point (C) – the innermost
point between the submental area
and neck
i
.
C
www.indiandentalacademy.com
.Gn’
43. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Parameters
☺Facial Form
☺Facial Convexity Angle (G-Sn-Pg)
☺Maxillary Prognathism (G-Sn)
☺Mandibular Prognathism (G-Pg)
☺Vertical Height Ratio (G-Sn/Sn-Me)
☺Lower Face Throat Angle (Sn-Gn-C)
☺Lower Vertical height depth ratio (Sn-Gn/C-Gn)
☺Lip position and form
☺Nasolabial Angle (Cm-Sn-Ls)
☺Upper Lip Protrusion (Ls to Sn-Pg)
☺Lower Lip Protrusion (Li to Sn-Pg)
☺Mentolabial Sulcus depth (Si to Sn-Pg)
☺Vertical Lip Chin Ratio (Sn-Stm/Sti-Me)
☺Maxillary Incisor Exposure (Stm U1)
☺Inter labial Gap www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Facial Form
☺Facial Convexity Angle
☺This angle is formed by intersecting
G-Sn line and Sn-Pg’ line
☺Standard Value
☺120 + 40
☺Any increase or decrease in this
value indicates Convex or Concave
Profile respectively.
☺Maxillary Prognathism
☺Distance between Sn and a line
perpendicular to HP passing
through glabella gives maxillary
prognathism
☺Standard Value
☺6 + 3 mm
☺A negative number suggests
Retrognathism while a large
www.indiandentalacademy.com
positive value suggests Prognathism
45. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Facial Form
☺Mandibular Prognathism
☺Distance between Pg and a line
perpendicular to HP passing
through G gives Mandibular
prognathism
☺Standard Value
☺0 + 4 mm
☺A negative number suggests
Retrognathism while a large
positive value suggests Prognathism
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Facial Form
☺Vertical Height Ratio
☺It is the ratio between G-Sn (Middle
Facial third) and Sn-Me’ (Lower
Facial third) measured
perpendicular to HP
☺Standard Value
☺1 : 1
☺Increased ratio suggests increased
middle third height and vice versa
☺Lower Face Throat Angle
☺It is the angle formed by
intersection of Sn-Gn’ and Gn’-C
☺Standard Value
☺1000 + 70
☺This angle affects treatment
planning to correct anteroposterior
www.indiandentalacademy.com
facial dysplasia
47. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Facial Form
☺Lower face Vertical Height
Depth Ratio
☺It is obtained by dividing Sn-Gn’
distance with C-Gn’ distance
☺Standard Value
☺1.2 : 1
☺A much larger than 1 value
indicates that patient has a
relatively short neck
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Lip Position and Form
☺Nasolabial Angle
☺It is the angle formed by
intersection of Cm-Sn line and
Sn-Ls
☺Standard Value
☺1020 + 80
☺Lower than normal Nasolabial
angle suggests proclination of upper
incisors or anterior maxillary base
protrusion or both
☺Higher than normal Nasolabial
angle suggests retroclination of
upper incisors or maxillary base
retrusion or both
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Lip Position and Form
☺Upper Lip Protrusion
☺It is perpendicular distance
between Ls to Sn-Pg’ line
☺Standard Value
☺3 + 1 mm
☺Lower Lip Protrusion
☺It is perpendicular distance
between Li to Sn-Pg’ line
☺Standard Value
☺2 + 1 mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Lip Position and Form
☺Mentolabial Sulcus Depth
☺It is perpendicular distance
between deepest point on the
mentolabial sulcus to Li-Pg’ line
☺Standard Value
☺4 + 2 mm
☺The depth of sulcus is affected by
various factors which are – flared
lower inciors, flaccid lower lip
tone, extruded upper inciors
causing rolling of lower lip, and
www.indiandentalacademy.com
prominence of chin
51. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Lip Position and Form
☺Vertical Lip:Chin ratio
☺It is ratio between Sn-Stms and
Stmi-Me’
☺Standard Value
☺0.5 or 1:2
☺Whenever the value decreases
vertical reduction genioplasty
should be considered
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Lip Position and Form
☺Maxillary Incisor Exposure
☺It is obtained by measuring the
distance between tip of upper
central incisor and Stms
☺Standard Value
☺2 + 2 mm
☺Increased incisor exposure may be
due to vertical maxillary excess or
short upper lip
☺Decreased incisor exposure may be
due to vertical maxillary deficiency
or larger upper lip www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. Soft tiSSue analySiS
☺Lip Position and Form
☺Inter Labial Gap
☺It is the distance between Stms and
Stmi
☺Standard Value
☺2 + 2 mm
☺Patients with vertical maxillary
excess tend to have large interlabial
gap and lip incompetence
☺Patients with vertical maxillary
deficiency tend to have no Inter
labial gap and Lip redundancy
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Summary
This cephalometric analysis is one step
in diagnosis and treatment planning for a
surgical case. It gives the clinician an insight
into the quantitative nature of the skeletodental and also soft tissue dysplasia.
COGS analysis uses linear dimensions to
describe the size and positions of facial bones
and this is practical because surgeon thinks
more in millimeters than in angles for planning
and accomplishing procedures.
www.indiandentalacademy.com