This document contains practice questions about data communication systems. It addresses the components of data communication systems, advantages of different connection types and network topologies, factors to consider when designing networks, the role of protocols, and standards setting organizations like the IETF. Sample problems are also provided, like calculating the number of connections needed in a network and identifying network topologies.
This document discusses different types of connecting devices used in computer networks, including passive hubs, active hubs, bridges, switches, routers and gateways. It also covers backbone networks that allow multiple LANs to be connected using bus or star topologies. Finally, it introduces virtual LANs (VLANs) which use software rather than physical wiring to configure local area networks and control communication between switches.
This document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over multiple generations, from the original Standard Ethernet to Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. It describes the IEEE project that established networking standards and details key changes to Ethernet like increased speeds of 100 Mbps for Fast Ethernet and 1000 Mbps for Gigabit Ethernet. Diagrams and tables illustrate different implementations and topologies for the various Ethernet standards.
The document discusses wireless LAN standards including IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth. It provides an overview of IEEE 802.11 specifications and architecture, addressing mechanisms, and physical layers. It also covers Bluetooth technology, describing its ad hoc network architecture and layers such as baseband and L2CAP. Various concepts are illustrated with figures including basic service sets, extended service sets, MAC layers, and frame formats.
This document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over multiple generations, from the original Standard Ethernet to Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. It describes the IEEE project that established networking standards and details key changes to Ethernet like increased speeds of 100 Mbps for Fast Ethernet and 1000 Mbps for Gigabit Ethernet. Diagrams and tables illustrate different implementations and topologies for the various Ethernet standards.
This document discusses Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking technologies. It covers Frame Relay architecture, addressing formats, and the lack of flow and error control. It then covers ATM design goals, cell-based transmission, virtual paths and connections, ATM layers, and adaptation layers. The document concludes by discussing using ATM for local area networks and the LAN Emulation standard.
This document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over multiple generations from the original Ethernet created in 1976 to modern Gigabit Ethernet. It describes the work of IEEE Project 802 to set standards enabling interoperability among networking equipment from different manufacturers. Key standards discussed include the original 10 Mbps Standard Ethernet, as well as faster variants like Fast Ethernet operating at 100 Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet at 1 Gbps, and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet. The physical layer and data link layer are examined along with changes to Ethernet like bridging, switching, and full-duplex operation that increased speed and supported higher data rates over time.
This document discusses different types of connecting devices used in computer networks, including passive hubs, active hubs, bridges, switches, routers and gateways. It also covers backbone networks that allow multiple LANs to be connected using bus or star topologies. Finally, it describes virtual LANs (VLANs) which use software rather than physical wiring to configure local area networks and control communication between switches.
This document contains practice questions about data communication systems. It addresses the components of data communication systems, advantages of different connection types and network topologies, factors to consider when designing networks, the role of protocols, and standards setting organizations like the IETF. Sample problems are also provided, like calculating the number of connections needed in a network and identifying network topologies.
This document discusses different types of connecting devices used in computer networks, including passive hubs, active hubs, bridges, switches, routers and gateways. It also covers backbone networks that allow multiple LANs to be connected using bus or star topologies. Finally, it introduces virtual LANs (VLANs) which use software rather than physical wiring to configure local area networks and control communication between switches.
This document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over multiple generations, from the original Standard Ethernet to Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. It describes the IEEE project that established networking standards and details key changes to Ethernet like increased speeds of 100 Mbps for Fast Ethernet and 1000 Mbps for Gigabit Ethernet. Diagrams and tables illustrate different implementations and topologies for the various Ethernet standards.
The document discusses wireless LAN standards including IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth. It provides an overview of IEEE 802.11 specifications and architecture, addressing mechanisms, and physical layers. It also covers Bluetooth technology, describing its ad hoc network architecture and layers such as baseband and L2CAP. Various concepts are illustrated with figures including basic service sets, extended service sets, MAC layers, and frame formats.
This document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over multiple generations, from the original Standard Ethernet to Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. It describes the IEEE project that established networking standards and details key changes to Ethernet like increased speeds of 100 Mbps for Fast Ethernet and 1000 Mbps for Gigabit Ethernet. Diagrams and tables illustrate different implementations and topologies for the various Ethernet standards.
This document discusses Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking technologies. It covers Frame Relay architecture, addressing formats, and the lack of flow and error control. It then covers ATM design goals, cell-based transmission, virtual paths and connections, ATM layers, and adaptation layers. The document concludes by discussing using ATM for local area networks and the LAN Emulation standard.
This document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over multiple generations from the original Ethernet created in 1976 to modern Gigabit Ethernet. It describes the work of IEEE Project 802 to set standards enabling interoperability among networking equipment from different manufacturers. Key standards discussed include the original 10 Mbps Standard Ethernet, as well as faster variants like Fast Ethernet operating at 100 Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet at 1 Gbps, and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet. The physical layer and data link layer are examined along with changes to Ethernet like bridging, switching, and full-duplex operation that increased speed and supported higher data rates over time.
This document discusses different types of connecting devices used in computer networks, including passive hubs, active hubs, bridges, switches, routers and gateways. It also covers backbone networks that allow multiple LANs to be connected using bus or star topologies. Finally, it describes virtual LANs (VLANs) which use software rather than physical wiring to configure local area networks and control communication between switches.
IPv4 is the delivery mechanism used by TCP/IP protocols to transmit data in packets called datagrams. It is an unreliable, connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery and provides no error or flow control. IPv4 operates at the host-to-host network layer and uses a datagram approach for packet switching networks. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) maps logical IP addresses to physical hardware addresses to allow communication between hosts on the same local area network. ARP uses broadcast for requests and unicast for replies.
The document provides an overview of network layer concepts including delivery, forwarding, routing, and routing protocols. It discusses direct vs indirect delivery, forwarding techniques and routing tables, unicast routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, BGP, and multicast routing protocols. Key topics covered include delivery, forwarding, routing tables, distance vector routing, link state routing, path vector routing, multicast applications, multicast routing approaches, and protocols like PIM-DM and PIM-SM. Figures and examples illustrate related concepts.
The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet networking standards over time. It describes how IEEE Project 802 was started in 1985 to set standards for interconnecting equipment from different manufacturers. It then provides details on the original Standard Ethernet created in 1976 and its subsequent generations. The document also outlines changes to Standard Ethernet like bridging and switching. It discusses the Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet standards that succeeded Standard Ethernet by providing higher data rates of 100 Mbps and 1000 Mbps respectively.
This document discusses underlying network technologies including local area networks (LANs), point-to-point wide area networks (WANs), switched WANs, and connecting devices. It includes diagrams of Ethernet, Token Ring, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, wireless LAN, Frame Relay, ATM, and connecting devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, and routers. Key concepts covered are CSMA/CD, Ethernet frames, virtual circuits in ATM, and functions of connecting devices.
This document discusses and compares two routing protocols: distance vector routing and link state routing. Distance vector routing involves each node sharing its routing table only with its neighbors, while link state routing involves each node having knowledge of the entire network topology. The document outlines the working principles, drawbacks like count to infinity, and pros and cons of each approach.
Reduced carrier PWM scheme with unified logical expressions for reduced switc...Asoka Technologies
The significant reduction in switch count of symmetrical/asymmetrical reduced switch count multilevel inverters (RSCMLI) topologies has modified the operation of inverter such that the conventional carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes such as level-shifted PWM and phase-shifted PWM can no more realise them. To control these RSC-MLI topologies, reduced carrier PWM schemes with modified switching logic gained more prominence. These schemes involve suitable logical expressions to realise the switching states of the inverter. However, these logical expressions vary with topological arrangement and number of levels. Moreover, these schemes produce high total harmonic distortion (THD) in line-voltages. Therefore, to improve the line-voltage THD and generalise the switching logic, a modified reduced carrier PWM scheme with unified logical expressions is presented here. The proposed PWM scheme is directly valid for any topology and can be easily scalable to any number of levels in the inverters. To validate the implementation of the proposed PWM to control any RSC-MLI, experimental studies of various asymmetrical RSC-MLI topologies with the proposed PWM scheme are carried out. Further, to verify the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of THD, complexity, scalability, and computation burden, its performance is compared with carrier-based PWM schemes reported in the literature.
This document discusses piecewise functions and how to graph them. It covers determining if a piecewise function is continuous or discontinuous, identifying the domain and range, and finding any intercepts by examining each piece of the piecewise function separately. The document also lists homework problems from page 115 involving graphing piecewise functions, finding domains, ranges, and intercepts.
Analysis of Impact of Graph Theory in Computer ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses several applications of graph theory in computer science. It summarizes how graph theory is used in map coloring, mobile phone networks, computer network security, modeling ad-hoc networks, fault tolerant computing systems, and clustering web documents. Graph theory provides structural models that can represent problems in these domains and enable new algorithms and solutions. Key applications mentioned include using graph coloring for frequency assignment in mobile networks, modeling network topology for worm propagation analysis, and representing documents and their relationships as graphs for clustering. Overall, the document outlines how graph theoretical concepts and methodologies are widely utilized to solve problems in computer science research areas.
1. Graph theory can be used to model connectivity problems in computer networks. Connectivity refers to whether messages can be sent between any two computers using intermediate links.
2. There are different path types in graphs including simple paths where vertices and edges cannot be repeated, and walks where vertices and edges may be repeated.
3. A computer network is represented by a graph where computers are vertices and communication links are edges. For any two computers to communicate, the graph must be connected - meaning there is a path between any two vertices.
The document summarizes key concepts related to network layer addressing, error reporting, and multicasting from Chapter 21. It includes:
1) Address mapping allows mapping between logical and physical addresses either statically or dynamically using protocols like ARP.
2) ICMP compensates for IP's lack of error reporting and host/management queries through error messages and query messages.
3) IGMP manages multicast group membership and communication on local networks through group management and messages.
4) ICMPv6 is modified from ICMPv4 for IPv6 with updated error reporting and query messages.
This document discusses network models and addressing in computer networks. It describes the OSI model, which defines seven layers of network functionality: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. It also discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite and how it maps to the OSI layers. There are four levels of addressing in TCP/IP: physical, logical, port, and specific. Physical addresses are used to deliver frames between directly connected nodes, while logical addresses are used to route packets from source to destination hosts across multiple hops. Port addresses further allow multiple processes on a host to communicate.
The document discusses the OSI model, which structures network communication into 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. It provides an overview of the functions of each layer, from the physical layer which transmits raw data up to electrical signals, to the application layer which provides services for file transfers, printing and other applications. Diagrams and examples are included to illustrate how data moves through each layer of the OSI model during network communication.
09 Using Telephone_and_Cable_Networks_for_Data_TransmissionAhmar Hashmi
This document discusses using telephone and cable networks for data transmission. It covers telephone networks using circuit switching to transmit analog voice signals over copper wires. It describes components like local exchange carriers and signaling networks. It also covers using telephone lines for data transmission through dial-up modems and digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. Finally, it discusses cable TV networks evolving from unidirectional video to bidirectional hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks capable of high-speed data transmission using standards like DOCSIS.
A circuit-switched network consists of switches connected by physical links, where each link is divided into channels. A connection uses a dedicated path and channel. In circuit switching, resources are reserved during setup and remain dedicated until teardown. In a packet-switched network, packets are sent without resource reservation and resources are allocated on demand. A virtual-circuit network has characteristics of both, where packets traveling between the same source and destination follow the same dedicated path but resources are allocated on demand.
This document section discusses address mapping, error reporting, and multicasting at the network layer. It covers address mapping between logical and physical addresses using static or dynamic mapping. It also covers the ICMP protocol for error reporting and queries as a companion to IP, and the IGMP protocol for multicasting to allow hosts to join multicast groups. Examples and figures illustrate concepts like ARP, ICMP error messages, IGMP group management, and mapping IP multicast addresses to Ethernet addresses.
The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet networking standards over time. It begins with the original Ethernet created in 1976 and the IEEE 802 project launched in 1985 to set standards. Key standards discussed include Standard Ethernet from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet to 1 Gbps Gigabit Ethernet. The standards define the data link and physical layers and underwent changes like bridging, switching, and full duplex to support higher speeds and larger networks while maintaining backward compatibility.
This document discusses internet routing and forwarding techniques. It explains how IP packets are routed from one sub-network to another using routers. It describes different forwarding techniques including next-hop, network-specific, host-specific, and default methods. It also discusses forwarding with classful and classless addressing as well as concepts like address aggregation, hierarchical routing, and geographical routing that help reduce routing table sizes.
Network topology refers to the geometric arrangement of nodes and connections in a computer network. There are several common network topologies including bus, ring, star, and tree. The document asks the reader to guess how many network topologies exist (the answer is 7) and provides brief descriptions of bus, ring, star, and tree topologies. It also notes that networks can use a combination of topologies and asks about the advantages, disadvantages, and popularity of different network topologies.
This document analyzes transportation issues along a corridor in Nablus, Palestine from Al Kindy Secondary School to Al Badawi intersection. Data was collected on traffic volumes, patterns, and levels of service at intersections. Two intersections were found to have unacceptable level of service after 5 years. Installing traffic signals at these intersections is recommended to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion along the corridor.
IPv4 is the delivery mechanism used by TCP/IP protocols to transmit data in packets called datagrams. It is an unreliable, connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery and provides no error or flow control. IPv4 operates at the host-to-host network layer and uses a datagram approach for packet switching networks. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) maps logical IP addresses to physical hardware addresses to allow communication between hosts on the same local area network. ARP uses broadcast for requests and unicast for replies.
The document provides an overview of network layer concepts including delivery, forwarding, routing, and routing protocols. It discusses direct vs indirect delivery, forwarding techniques and routing tables, unicast routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, BGP, and multicast routing protocols. Key topics covered include delivery, forwarding, routing tables, distance vector routing, link state routing, path vector routing, multicast applications, multicast routing approaches, and protocols like PIM-DM and PIM-SM. Figures and examples illustrate related concepts.
The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet networking standards over time. It describes how IEEE Project 802 was started in 1985 to set standards for interconnecting equipment from different manufacturers. It then provides details on the original Standard Ethernet created in 1976 and its subsequent generations. The document also outlines changes to Standard Ethernet like bridging and switching. It discusses the Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet standards that succeeded Standard Ethernet by providing higher data rates of 100 Mbps and 1000 Mbps respectively.
This document discusses underlying network technologies including local area networks (LANs), point-to-point wide area networks (WANs), switched WANs, and connecting devices. It includes diagrams of Ethernet, Token Ring, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, wireless LAN, Frame Relay, ATM, and connecting devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, and routers. Key concepts covered are CSMA/CD, Ethernet frames, virtual circuits in ATM, and functions of connecting devices.
This document discusses and compares two routing protocols: distance vector routing and link state routing. Distance vector routing involves each node sharing its routing table only with its neighbors, while link state routing involves each node having knowledge of the entire network topology. The document outlines the working principles, drawbacks like count to infinity, and pros and cons of each approach.
Reduced carrier PWM scheme with unified logical expressions for reduced switc...Asoka Technologies
The significant reduction in switch count of symmetrical/asymmetrical reduced switch count multilevel inverters (RSCMLI) topologies has modified the operation of inverter such that the conventional carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes such as level-shifted PWM and phase-shifted PWM can no more realise them. To control these RSC-MLI topologies, reduced carrier PWM schemes with modified switching logic gained more prominence. These schemes involve suitable logical expressions to realise the switching states of the inverter. However, these logical expressions vary with topological arrangement and number of levels. Moreover, these schemes produce high total harmonic distortion (THD) in line-voltages. Therefore, to improve the line-voltage THD and generalise the switching logic, a modified reduced carrier PWM scheme with unified logical expressions is presented here. The proposed PWM scheme is directly valid for any topology and can be easily scalable to any number of levels in the inverters. To validate the implementation of the proposed PWM to control any RSC-MLI, experimental studies of various asymmetrical RSC-MLI topologies with the proposed PWM scheme are carried out. Further, to verify the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of THD, complexity, scalability, and computation burden, its performance is compared with carrier-based PWM schemes reported in the literature.
This document discusses piecewise functions and how to graph them. It covers determining if a piecewise function is continuous or discontinuous, identifying the domain and range, and finding any intercepts by examining each piece of the piecewise function separately. The document also lists homework problems from page 115 involving graphing piecewise functions, finding domains, ranges, and intercepts.
Analysis of Impact of Graph Theory in Computer ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses several applications of graph theory in computer science. It summarizes how graph theory is used in map coloring, mobile phone networks, computer network security, modeling ad-hoc networks, fault tolerant computing systems, and clustering web documents. Graph theory provides structural models that can represent problems in these domains and enable new algorithms and solutions. Key applications mentioned include using graph coloring for frequency assignment in mobile networks, modeling network topology for worm propagation analysis, and representing documents and their relationships as graphs for clustering. Overall, the document outlines how graph theoretical concepts and methodologies are widely utilized to solve problems in computer science research areas.
1. Graph theory can be used to model connectivity problems in computer networks. Connectivity refers to whether messages can be sent between any two computers using intermediate links.
2. There are different path types in graphs including simple paths where vertices and edges cannot be repeated, and walks where vertices and edges may be repeated.
3. A computer network is represented by a graph where computers are vertices and communication links are edges. For any two computers to communicate, the graph must be connected - meaning there is a path between any two vertices.
The document summarizes key concepts related to network layer addressing, error reporting, and multicasting from Chapter 21. It includes:
1) Address mapping allows mapping between logical and physical addresses either statically or dynamically using protocols like ARP.
2) ICMP compensates for IP's lack of error reporting and host/management queries through error messages and query messages.
3) IGMP manages multicast group membership and communication on local networks through group management and messages.
4) ICMPv6 is modified from ICMPv4 for IPv6 with updated error reporting and query messages.
This document discusses network models and addressing in computer networks. It describes the OSI model, which defines seven layers of network functionality: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. It also discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite and how it maps to the OSI layers. There are four levels of addressing in TCP/IP: physical, logical, port, and specific. Physical addresses are used to deliver frames between directly connected nodes, while logical addresses are used to route packets from source to destination hosts across multiple hops. Port addresses further allow multiple processes on a host to communicate.
The document discusses the OSI model, which structures network communication into 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. It provides an overview of the functions of each layer, from the physical layer which transmits raw data up to electrical signals, to the application layer which provides services for file transfers, printing and other applications. Diagrams and examples are included to illustrate how data moves through each layer of the OSI model during network communication.
09 Using Telephone_and_Cable_Networks_for_Data_TransmissionAhmar Hashmi
This document discusses using telephone and cable networks for data transmission. It covers telephone networks using circuit switching to transmit analog voice signals over copper wires. It describes components like local exchange carriers and signaling networks. It also covers using telephone lines for data transmission through dial-up modems and digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. Finally, it discusses cable TV networks evolving from unidirectional video to bidirectional hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks capable of high-speed data transmission using standards like DOCSIS.
A circuit-switched network consists of switches connected by physical links, where each link is divided into channels. A connection uses a dedicated path and channel. In circuit switching, resources are reserved during setup and remain dedicated until teardown. In a packet-switched network, packets are sent without resource reservation and resources are allocated on demand. A virtual-circuit network has characteristics of both, where packets traveling between the same source and destination follow the same dedicated path but resources are allocated on demand.
This document section discusses address mapping, error reporting, and multicasting at the network layer. It covers address mapping between logical and physical addresses using static or dynamic mapping. It also covers the ICMP protocol for error reporting and queries as a companion to IP, and the IGMP protocol for multicasting to allow hosts to join multicast groups. Examples and figures illustrate concepts like ARP, ICMP error messages, IGMP group management, and mapping IP multicast addresses to Ethernet addresses.
The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet networking standards over time. It begins with the original Ethernet created in 1976 and the IEEE 802 project launched in 1985 to set standards. Key standards discussed include Standard Ethernet from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet to 1 Gbps Gigabit Ethernet. The standards define the data link and physical layers and underwent changes like bridging, switching, and full duplex to support higher speeds and larger networks while maintaining backward compatibility.
This document discusses internet routing and forwarding techniques. It explains how IP packets are routed from one sub-network to another using routers. It describes different forwarding techniques including next-hop, network-specific, host-specific, and default methods. It also discusses forwarding with classful and classless addressing as well as concepts like address aggregation, hierarchical routing, and geographical routing that help reduce routing table sizes.
Network topology refers to the geometric arrangement of nodes and connections in a computer network. There are several common network topologies including bus, ring, star, and tree. The document asks the reader to guess how many network topologies exist (the answer is 7) and provides brief descriptions of bus, ring, star, and tree topologies. It also notes that networks can use a combination of topologies and asks about the advantages, disadvantages, and popularity of different network topologies.
This document analyzes transportation issues along a corridor in Nablus, Palestine from Al Kindy Secondary School to Al Badawi intersection. Data was collected on traffic volumes, patterns, and levels of service at intersections. Two intersections were found to have unacceptable level of service after 5 years. Installing traffic signals at these intersections is recommended to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion along the corridor.
This thesis examines the role of geomatics technologies in improving water utility management in northern Jordan. A pilot study was conducted in Al-Mughayyer village to validate spatial data collected by the Northern Governorate Water Administration (NGWA) and identify areas for improvement. Data collection methods included GPS surveying, aerial photogrammetry, and digitizing of existing maps. The data was processed, modeled in a geodatabase using ArcGIS Water Utility data model, and analyzed to develop recommendations for enhancing water network data quality and management. Geomatics technologies were found to be effective tools for building an accurate geospatial framework to support improved water resource planning and operations.
In this talk, I give a gentle introduction to geometric and topological data analysis and then segue into some natural questions that arise when one combines the topological view with the perhaps more well-studied linear algebraic view.
This document discusses network analysis in GIS. It describes how network analysis focuses on representing real-world networks as edge-node topologies. It discusses the basics of edges, nodes and network connectivity. It also outlines some key network properties like cost to traverse, restrictions, and temporal information. Finally, it discusses how to set up network analysis in ArcGIS and some common network analysis tasks.
BIM Workflows: How to Build from CAD & GIS for InfrastructureSafe Software
BIM workflows give facilities managers, architects, and engineers key information for better-informed infrastructure planning and management. But how do you migrate to a BIM system when your current data is stored in CAD? Through a real-world international airport example, find out how CAD and engineering data can be centralized in a Document Management System (Autodesk Vault) and GIS database (SQL Server Spatial) using FME, and learn how to create BIM workflows from CAD data.
The document discusses pull systems for replenishing inventory using the example of purchasing milk. It also discusses the critical path method (CPM) for network analysis and project scheduling. CPM involves identifying the critical path of activities that determine the shortest project duration. An example CPM analysis is provided to find the earliest and latest event times for activities in a project.
This document provides information on determining the best network topology. It describes the key types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, hybrid and tree. For each topology, it outlines the basic design, how communication works, advantages and disadvantages. The document is intended to help identify the appropriate topology based on factors like equipment, growth needs, management approach and more.
The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over time from the original Ethernet created in 1976 to modern gigabit Ethernet. It covers the IEEE 802 project to standardize LAN protocols and the development of standard Ethernet, fast Ethernet, and gigabit Ethernet. Key aspects summarized include the purpose of IEEE project 802, the development of Ethernet through four generations to support higher data rates, and summaries of the implementations and encoding for standard, fast, and gigabit Ethernet variants.
The document describes a project submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The project is about developing a system for automatic switchover of an E1 link to a standby link in the event of a failure of the primary E1 link. This is to ensure uninterrupted mobile service by keeping the base transceiver station radiating even if the main E1 link fails. The system will switch to the backup E1 link without the need for an on-site engineer, preventing service disruptions especially at odd hours.
The document provides an introduction to the OSI 7 layer model and describes the data link layer in detail. It discusses the basic design principles of the data link layer, including how it provides communication between two directly connected nodes and deals with problems like errors. It also describes how real networks like Ethernet work at the data link layer and provides a Wireshark demo to show live network packet data and decoding.
The document provides instructions for interpreting debug output on routers. It describes 8 steps to configure interfaces and verify routing table updates using the debug ip routing command on routers R1, R2, and R3. The steps have R1 configure its serial and LAN interfaces, and verify routing table updates are shown in the debug output. It also suggests establishing a separate session for R2 to observe debug output changes made on R1. The goal is to observe how the routing tables are updated as interfaces are configured on both routers.
This document describes a student project to design a circuit in Logisim that can read Ethernet MAC addresses and display them on a 7-segment display. The circuit uses D flip-flops as a shift register to store bits of an Ethernet frame and check for the preamble sequence. If detected, the next bits containing the source and destination MAC addresses are displayed on the 7-segment display. The design implements the basic structure of an Ethernet frame at the data link layer and allows visualizing MAC addresses to learn about computer networking and digital circuit design.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
The document describes algorithms for grouping electrical network components into zones based on topological analysis using depth-first search (DFS) and breadth-first search (BFS). The algorithms were developed using Visual FORTRAN and tested on the IEEE37 bus test case. DFS and BFS techniques are applied to identify components fed by transformers and organize them into electrical zones. This zoning allows operators to identify loads, losses, and resources in each zone to improve network monitoring and control.
The layout pattern of the interconnections between computers in a network is called network topology. ... Network topology is illustrated by showing these nodes and their connections using cables. There are a number of different types of network topologies, including point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid.
Wireless Applications Corp. provides software and consulting services to help design and optimize wireless networks. Their SiteSync tool automates microwave backhaul network design through algorithms that analyze terrain, existing infrastructure, and design parameters to generate optimal network configurations. SiteSync reduces design time and costs through its ability to quickly analyze thousands of potential site connections and frequency interference scenarios. The tool also facilitates FCC coordination and filing for new backhaul links.
High Speed Low Power Veterbi Decoder Design for TCM Decodersijsrd.com
It is well known that the Viterbi decoder (VD) is the dominant module determining the overall power consumption of TCM decoders. High-speed, low-power design of Viterbi decoders for trellis coded modulation (TCM) systems is presented in this paper. We propose a pre-computation architecture incorporated with -algorithm for VD, which can effectively reduce the power consumption without degrading the decoding speed much. A general solution to derive the optimal pre-computation steps is also given in the paper. Implementation result of a VD for a rate-3/4 convolutional code used in a TCM system shows that compared with the full trellis VD, the precomputation architecture reduces the power consumption by as much as 70% without performance loss, while the degradation in clock speed is negligible.
This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh. It describes the key characteristics of each topology such as their physical layout, how data is transmitted, advantages and disadvantages. Hybrid topologies that combine two or more standard topologies are also discussed. The document emphasizes understanding network topologies is essential for designing efficient computer networks and choosing the best option for different network requirements.
WAN is a networking technology that spans large geographical areas like countries or continents. It consists of hosts like computers connected by subnets, which contain transmission lines and switching elements like routers. WAN standards define the physical and data link layers, with organizations providing standards for transmission and protocols like Frame Relay, PPP, and ISDN. ISDN provides an integrated digital service for voice and data over a digital bit pipe between the customer and carrier's office. ATM is a connection-oriented network that originally aimed to merge different services but did not fully replace older technologies.
WAN is a networking technology that spans large geographical areas like countries or continents. It consists of hosts like computers connected by subnets, which contain transmission lines and switching elements like routers. WAN standards define the physical and data link layers, with organizations providing standards for transmission and protocols like Frame Relay, PPP, and ISDN. ISDN provides an integrated digital service for voice and data over a digital bit pipe between customers and carriers. ATM is a connection-oriented network that originally aimed to merge different services but did not fully replace older technologies.
Controller Area Network (CAN Bus)I need to know why this network i.pdffashiionbeutycare
Controller Area Network (CAN Bus)
I need to know why this network is important in a car
How does CAN Network works in a Automobile. please give complete details about how the
communication works.
Solution
There are four main applications for serial communication in vehicles, each having different
requirements and objectives.
Using CAN, peer stations (controllers, sensors and actuators) are connected via a serial bus. The
bus itself is a symmetric or asymmetric two wire circuit, which can be either screened or
unscreened. The electrical parameters of the physical transmission are also specified in ISO
11898. Suitable bus driver chips are available from a number of manufacturers.
The CAN protocol, which corresponds to the data link layer in the ISO/OSI reference model,
meets the real-time requirements of automotive applications. Unlike cable trees, the network
protocol detects and corrects transmission errors caused by electromagnetic interference.
Additional advantages of such a network are the easy configurability of the overall system and
the possibility of central diagnosis.The purpose of using CAN in vehicles is to enable any station
to communicate with any other without putting too great a load on the controller computer.
Principles of data exchange.
When data are transmitted by CAN, no stations are addressed, but instead, the content of the
message (e.g. rpm or engine temperature) is designated by an identifier that is unique throughout
the network. The identifier defines not only the content but also the priority of the message. This
is important for bus allocation when several stations are competing for bus access.
If the CPU of a given station wishes to send a message to one or more stations, it passes the data
to be transmitted and their identifiers to the assigned CAN chip (”Make ready”). This is all the
CPU has to do to initiate data exchange. The message is constructed and transmitted by the CAN
chip. As soon as the CAN chip receives the bus allocation (”Send Message”) all other stations on
the CAN network become receivers of this message (”Receive Message”). Each station in the
CAN network, having received the message correctly, performs an acceptance test to determine
whether the data received are relevant for that station (”Select”). If the data are of significance
for the station concerned they are processed (”Accept”), otherwise they are ignored.
A high degree of system and configuration flexibility is achieved as a result of the content-
oriented addressing scheme. It is very easy to add stations to the existing CAN network without
making any hardware or software modifications to the existing stations, provided that the new
stations are purely receivers. Because the data transmission protocol does not require physical
destination addresses for the individual components, it supports the concept of modular
electronics and also permits multiple reception (broadcast, multicast) and the synchronization of
distributed processes: m.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet network fundamentals, including:
- The OSI model layers that Ethernet operates in (physical and data link layers)
- Key components and functions of Ethernet including frames, addressing, and the CSMA/CD media access method
- The evolution of Ethernet from early implementations using coaxial cable to modern switched networks using fiber optics and speeds of 1Gbps+
- How MAC addresses are used to uniquely identify devices on an Ethernet network
Provisioning Bandwidth & Logical Circuits Using Telecom-Based GIS.SSP Innovations
Those that have implemented Fiber Manager understand that the product focuses on managing the physical infrastructure of your telecom network including fiber optic, microwave, copper, and various other communication mediums. However, many customers have long been interested in managing the logical network in addition to the physical infrastructure. And this means managing bandwidth allocation to the various users, systems, services, or customers whose traffic traverses your physical facilities. Join us for this session as we explore how Tri-State G&T is working to customize Fiber Manager to include the provisioning of their logical circuits from an OC-192 all the way down to a DS0 with everything in between. The future of Fiber Manager may be closer than you think!
This document describes a radio relay network (RRN) discovery and monitoring solution. It consists of 3 stages:
1. Node discovery using SNMP to identify devices, vendors, and hardware types.
2. Radio link discovery using SNMP to identify modem and frequency information to detect RF links between nodes.
3. Ethernet link discovery using SNMP port information to identify L2 connections between nodes.
The result is an RRN graph with nodes and edges that can be used to verify EMS/NMS topology, create circuit maps in monitoring systems like Cacti, and document the network structure. This provides a complete, vendor-independent view of the RRN that traditional systems often lack.
This document discusses ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks. It defines ad hoc networks as temporary networks composed of mobile nodes without preexisting communication infrastructure. It describes key characteristics of ad hoc networks including self-organization, multi-hop routing, and mobility. The document outlines several types of ad hoc networks and discusses important issues in designing routing protocols, medium access control, security, energy management, and more for ad hoc networks.
FME and Business Intelligence: Visualization of Electricity ConsumptionSafe Software
An electricity company gets periodically electricity consumption reports in Excel sheets out of their system. The monthly reports contain electricity consumption of each district of Helsinki. FME provided an easy way to process the Excel data automatically, merge it with city district geometries and visualize the data with charts and pie charts in PDF files based on different criteria. Thus the users get an access to the PDF files, and can see, how the electricity consumption behaves.
What is the computer network?
Bunch of computers connected to each other
Now computers do not mean just pc’s.
Now a bunch of computers include printers, cell phones, laptops, etc
Now next question is what do you mean by share data or share information?TYPES OF NETWORKS.Parts of Networks.
Similar to Analyse Sequence in Utility Networks and GPS Tracks (20)
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
The Zero-ETL Approach: Enhancing Data Agility and InsightSafe Software
In the ever-evolving landscape of data management, Zero-ETL is an approach that is reshaping how businesses handle and integrate their data. This webinar explores Zero-ETL, a paradigm shift from the traditional Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) process, offering a more streamlined, efficient, and real-time data integration method.
We will begin with an introduction to the concept of Zero-ETL, including how it allows direct access to data in its native environment and real-time data transformation, providing up-to-date information with significantly reduced data redundancy.
Next, we'll take you through several demonstrations showing how Zero-ETL can deliver real-time data and enable the free movement of data between systems. We will also discuss the various tools that support all aspects of Zero-ETL, providing attendees with an understanding of how they can adopt this innovative approach in their organizations.
Lastly, the session will conclude with an interactive Q&A segment, allowing participants to gain deeper insights into how Zero-ETL can be tailored to their specific business needs and how they can get started today.
Join us to discover how Zero-ETL can elevate your organization's data strategy.
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FMESafe Software
Following the popularity of “Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data,” we’re thrilled to announce this much-anticipated encore webinar.
In this sequel, we’ll dive deeper into the Cloud-Native realm by uncovering practical applications and FME support for these new formats, including COGs, COPC, FlatGeoBuf, GeoParquet, STAC, and ZARR.
Building on the foundation laid by industry leaders Michelle Roby of Radiant Earth and Chris Holmes of Planet in the first webinar, this second part offers an in-depth look at the real-world application and behind-the-scenes dynamics of these cutting-edge formats. We will spotlight specific use-cases and workflows, showcasing their efficiency and relevance in practical scenarios.
Discover the vast possibilities each format holds, highlighted through detailed discussions and demonstrations. Our expert speakers will dissect the key aspects and provide critical takeaways for effective use, ensuring attendees leave with a thorough understanding of how to apply these formats in their own projects.
Elevate your understanding of how FME supports these cutting-edge technologies, enhancing your ability to manage, share, and analyze spatial data. Whether you’re building on knowledge from our initial session or are new to the serverless spatial data landscape, this webinar is your gateway to mastering cloud-native formats in your workflows.
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FMESafe Software
Following the popularity of "Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data," we're thrilled to announce this much-anticipated encore webinar.
In this sequel, we'll dive deeper into the Cloud-Native realm by uncovering practical applications and FME support for these new formats, including COGs, COPC, FlatGeoBuf, GeoParquet, STAC, and ZARR.
Building on the foundation laid by industry leaders Michelle Roby of Radiant Earth and Chris Holmes of Planet in the first webinar, this second part offers an in-depth look at the real-world application and behind-the-scenes dynamics of these cutting-edge formats. We will spotlight specific use-cases and workflows, showcasing their efficiency and relevance in practical scenarios.
Discover the vast possibilities each format holds, highlighted through detailed discussions and demonstrations. Our expert speakers will dissect the key aspects and provide critical takeaways for effective use, ensuring attendees leave with a thorough understanding of how to apply these formats in their own projects.
Elevate your understanding of how FME supports these cutting-edge technologies, enhancing your ability to manage, share, and analyze spatial data. Whether you're building on knowledge from our initial session or are new to the serverless spatial data landscape, this webinar is your gateway to mastering cloud-native formats in your workflows.
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time AutomationSafe Software
Imagine a world where information flows as swiftly as thought itself, making decision-making as fluid as the data driving it. Every moment is critical, and the right tools can significantly boost your organization’s performance. The power of real-time data automation through FME can turn this vision into reality.
Aimed at professionals eager to leverage real-time data for enhanced decision-making and efficiency, this webinar will cover the essentials of real-time data and its significance. We’ll explore:
FME’s role in real-time event processing, from data intake and analysis to transformation and reporting
An overview of leveraging streams vs. automations
FME’s impact across various industries highlighted by real-life case studies
Live demonstrations on setting up FME workflows for real-time data
Practical advice on getting started, best practices, and tips for effective implementation
Join us to enhance your skills in real-time data automation with FME, and take your operational capabilities to the next level.
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time AutomationSafe Software
Imagine a world where information flows as swiftly as thought itself, making decision-making as fluid as the data driving it. Every moment is critical, and the right tools can significantly boost your organization's performance. The power of real-time data automation through FME can turn this vision into reality.
Aimed at professionals eager to leverage real-time data for enhanced decision-making and efficiency, this webinar will cover the essentials of real-time data and its significance. We'll explore:
FME's role in real-time event processing, from data intake and analysis to transformation and reporting
An overview of leveraging streams vs. automations
FME's impact across various industries highlighted by real-life case studies
Live demonstrations on setting up FME workflows for real-time data
Practical advice on getting started, best practices, and tips for effective implementation
Join us to enhance your skills in real-time data automation with FME, and take your operational capabilities to the next level.
Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry InnovationSafe Software
Hiring and retaining software development talent is next to impossible for AEC firms and other industries alike.
Join us and guest speakers from HOK, a leader in the AEC industry, as they share their success in navigating the tight talent market through the use of no-code solutions and FME.
Discover how HOK approached the process of building a custom tool to automate the creation of projects and user management for Trimble Connect and ProjectSight.
Using a mix of traditional and no-code in FME, our guest speakers will reveal how the team bridged the resource gap and used the available talent pool, producing the mission-critical web app “Trajectory”.
They will also dive into details, illustrating first-hand how JSON data was used as a “glue” between two development groups.
Learn how embracing FME as a no-code solution can unlock potential within your teams, foster collaboration, and drive efficiency.
Powering Real-Time Decisions with Continuous Data StreamsSafe Software
In an era where making swift, data-driven decisions can set industry leaders apart, understanding the world of data streaming and stream processing is crucial. During this webinar, we'll explore:
Stream Processing Overview: Dive into what stream processing entails and the value it brings organizations.
Stream vs. Batch Processing: Learn the key differences and benefits of stream processing compared to traditional batch processing, highlighting the efficiency of real-time data handling.
Mastering Data Volumes: Discover strategies for effectively managing both high and low volume data streams, ensuring optimal performance.
Boosting Operational Excellence: Explore how adopting data streaming can enhance your organization's operational workflows and productivity.
Spatial Data's Role in Streams: Understand the importance of spatial data in stream processing for more informed decision-making.
Interactive Demos: Watch practical demos, from dynamic geofencing to group-based processing.
Plus, we’ll show you how you can do it without coding! Register now to take the first step towards more informed, timely, and precise decision-making for your organization.
The Critical Role of Spatial Data in Today's Data EcosystemSafe Software
In today's data-driven landscape, integrating spatial data is becoming increasingly crucial for organizations aiming to harness the full potential of their data. Spatial data offers unique insights based on location, making it a fundamental component for addressing various challenges across different sectors, including urban planning, environmental sustainability, public health, and logistics.
Our webinar delves into the indispensable role of spatial data in data management and analysis. We'll showcase how omitting spatial data from your data strategy not only weakens your data infrastructure, but also limits the depth of your insights. Through real-world case studies, we'll highlight the transformative impact of spatial data, demonstrating its ability to uncover complex patterns, trends, and relationships.
Join us for this introductory-level webinar as we explore the critical importance of spatial data integration in driving strategic decision-making processes. By the end of the webinar, you'll gain a renewed perspective on how spatial data is essential for confronting and overcoming challenges across various domains.
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial DataSafe Software
Once in a while, there really is something new under the sun. The rise of cloud-hosted data has fueled innovation in spatial data storage, enabling a brand new serverless architectural approach to spatial data sharing. Join us in our upcoming webinar to learn all about these new ways to organize your data, and leverage data shared by others. Explore the potential of Cloud Native Geospatial Formats in your workflows with FME, as we introduce five new formats: COGs, COPC, FlatGeoBuf, GeoParquet, STAC and ZARR.
Learn from industry experts Michelle Roby from Radiant Earth and Chris Holmes from Planet about these cloud-native geospatial data formats and how they can make data easier to manage, share, and analyze. To get us started, they’ll explain the goals of the Cloud-Native Geospatial Foundation and provide overviews of cloud-native technologies including the Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF (COG), SpatioTemporal Asset Catalogs (STAC), and GeoParquet.
Following this, our seasoned FME team will guide you through practical demonstrations, showcasing how to leverage each format to its fullest potential. Learn strategic approaches for seamless integration and transition, along with valuable tips to enhance performance using these formats in FME.
Discover how these formats are reshaping geospatial data handling and how you can seamlessly integrate them into your FME workflows and harness the explosion of cloud-hosted data.
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration WorkflowsSafe Software
Learn where FME meets AI in this upcoming webinar to offer you incredible time savings. This webinar is tailored to ignite imaginations and offer solutions to your data integration challenges. As the new digital era sets sail on the winds of AI, the tangibility of its integration in our daily schema is unfolding.
Segment 1, titled “AI: The Good, the Bad and the FME” by Darren Fergus of Locus, navigates through the realms of AI, scrutinizing its pervasive impact while underscoring the symbiotic potential of FME and AI. Join in an engaging demonstration as FME and ChatGPT collaboratively orchestrate a PowerPoint narrative, epitomizing the alliance of AI with human ingenuity.
In Segment 2, “Integrating GeoAI Models in FME” by Dennis Wilhelm and Dr. Christopher Britsch of con terra GmbH, the spotlight veers towards operationalizing AI in our daily tasks through FME. A practical approach to embedding GeoAI Models into FME Workspaces is unveiled, showcasing the ease of incorporating AI-driven methodologies into your FME workflows, skyrocketing productivity levels.
To follow, Segment 3, "Unleash generative AI on your terms!" by Oliver Morris of Avineon-Tensing. While the prospects of Generative AI are thrilling, security and IT reservations, especially with 'phone home' tools, are genuine concerns. However, with open-source tools, you can locally harness large language models. In this demo, we'll unravel the magic of local AI deployment and its seamless integration into an FME workspace.
Bonus! Dmitri will join us for a fourth segment to tie us off, showcasing what he has been up to this week, including using OpenAI API for texturing in FME, amoung other projects.
Join us to explore the synergy of FME and AI: opening portals to a realm of revolutionized productivity and enriched user experiences.
The Zero-ETL Approach: Enhancing Data Agility and InsightSafe Software
In the ever-evolving landscape of data management, Zero-ETL is an approach that is reshaping how businesses handle and integrate their data. This webinar explores Zero-ETL, a paradigm shift from the traditional Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) process, offering a more streamlined, efficient, and real-time data integration method.
We will begin with an introduction to the concept of Zero-ETL, including how it allows direct access to data in its native environment and real-time data transformation, providing up-to-date information with significantly reduced data redundancy.
Next, we'll take you through several demonstrations showing how Zero-ETL can deliver real-time data and enable the free movement of data between systems. We will also discuss the various tools that support all aspects of Zero-ETL, providing attendees with an understanding of how they can adopt this innovative approach in their organizations.
Lastly, the session will conclude with an interactive Q&A segment, allowing participants to gain deeper insights into how Zero-ETL can be tailored to their specific business needs and how they can get started today.
Join us to discover how Zero-ETL can elevate your organization's data strategy.
Mastering MicroStation DGN: How to Integrate CAD and GISSafe Software
Dive deep into the world of CAD-GIS integration with our expert-led webinar. Discover how to seamlessly transfer data between Bentley MicroStation and leading GIS platforms, such as Esri ArcGIS. This session goes beyond mere CAD/GIS conversion, showcasing techniques to precisely transform MicroStation elements including cells, text, lines, and symbology. We’ll walk you through tags versus item types, and understanding how to leverage both. You’ll also learn how to reproject to any coordinate system. Finally, explore cutting-edge automated methods for managing database links, and delve into innovative strategies for enabling self-serve data collection and validation services.
Join us to overcome the common hurdles in CAD and GIS integration and enhance the efficiency of your workflows. This session is perfect for professionals, both new to FME and seasoned users, seeking to streamline their processes and leverage the full potential of their CAD and GIS systems.
Geospatial Synergy: Amplifying Efficiency with FME & EsriSafe Software
Dive deep into the world of geospatial data management and transformation in our upcoming webinar focusing on the powerful integration of FME and Esri technologies. This insightful session comprises two compelling segments aimed at enhancing your geospatial workflows, while minimizing operational hurdles.
In the first segment, guest speaker Jan Roggisch from Locus unveils how Auckland Council triumphed over the challenges of handling large, frequent data updates on ArcGIS Online using FME. Discover the journey from manual data handling to an automated, streamlined process that reduced server downtime from minutes to seconds: setting a new standard for local government organizations.
The second segment, led by James Botterill from 1Spatial, unveils the magic of incorporating ArcPy into your FME workflows. Delve into real-world scenarios where ArcGIS geoprocessing is harmoniously orchestrated within FME using the PythonCaller. Gain insights into raster-vector data conversion, spatial analysis, and a host of practical tips and tricks that empower you to leverage the combined capabilities of FME and Esri for efficient data manipulation and conversion.
Join us to explore the remarkable possibilities that open up when FME and Esri technologies converge – enhancing your ability to manage and transform geospatial data with unprecedented efficiency.
Introducing the New FME Community Webinar - Feb 21, 2024 (2).pdfSafe Software
Join us at Safe Software as we unveil the exciting new FME Community platform.
Picture yourself entering a vibrant, interconnected world, where every click brings you closer to a fellow FME enthusiast, a new idea, or a solution that could revolutionize your workflow.
Since its inception, the FME Community has been a dynamic hub for knowledge sharing, where thousands of users converge to exchange insights, engage in stimulating discussions, and collaboratively solve challenges. Now, envision this community reimagined - retaining the features you know and love, but infused with new, cutting-edge functionalities designed to make your experience even more enriching and effortless. The Community is also planned to soon act as a central hub for all FME community acticity across the web.
This webinar is your personal tour through this enhanced FME Community landscape. Whether you're an experienced user familiar with every nook and cranny of the old platform, or you're setting foot in this community for the first time, our webinar will ensure you navigate the new terrain with ease and confidence. Discover how to maximize your engagement, tap into the wealth of resources available, and contribute to the growing tapestry of FME innovation.
Join us in celebrating the future of FME collaboration, where your next breakthrough idea, insightful article, or spirited discussion awaits. Don't miss this opportunity to be a part of the evolution of the FME Community!
Breaking Barriers & Leveraging the Latest Developments in AI TechnologySafe Software
Explore how to best leverage the latest of AI technology in our upcoming webinar, where we delve into advancements and trends in the field since our previous AI webinars in 2023. Join us for a session filled with fresh insights and practical knowledge. We're stitching together the final threads of this presentation as we speak, keeping pace with AI's breakneck speed. Expect a session brimming with the freshest insights, releases and breakthroughs in AI – right up to the minute! A spotlight of this session is set to include Dmitri Bagh’s exploration of innovative AI integrations with FME, ranging from generating 3D features for augmented reality using Dall-E, to enhancing urban planning with orthoimagery completion, and showcasing the power of AI in workspace analysis and geoart creation.
Whether you're new to AI or an experienced practitioner, this webinar is tailored to keep you at the forefront of AI innovation. Get ready for a session that is as informative as it is inspiring, equipping you with the tools to excel in the dynamic world of artificial intelligence.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024Vadym Kazulkin
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
2. Who is Condesys Consulting?
Build geographic databases, link them to
business and generate web services and web
applications
From through to
FME lover since 1997
3. What if your network data is
not yet a network?
Routing, network analysis, linear referencing are
fine tools if your network data is according to
what the FME manual says:
Input Ports
Network
Lines defining the network in which to find a path or paths.
or
Output
Network
All connected lines are output through the Network port.
CONNECT. TRANSFORM. AUTOMATE.
5. The Sequence Pattern in FME,
simple but not obvious
If you need a network, but disconnected items
are all you have, the Sequence Pattern might be
of help.
The trick:
act FME
Sort
Start
Number (Counter) Number + 1
two streams
Rename Attributes
merge
Join via Counter and
Counter + 1
Ready to
Analise
6. Example 1: GPS Tracks
50 police cars send their position every 60
seconds
Some positions are wrong: how to determine if
the previous or the current position is wrong?
Where is the car coming from and where is it
heading to?
When will it arrive at the destination?
10. Real-Time Determination of
Route on Road Network
12
13
GPS position with number
Candidate on road network
Known route
Possible route
12
14
13
UNIGIS University of Salzburg
Master Thesis Marco Saner (2013)
12. Example 2: Electricity Network
Data migration at the Utility of the City of Berne (Energie
Wasser Bern ewb)
System A has
topological cable network routed through
fragemented geometric network (gaps) and
linear referencing for branching off of cables
System B needs
geometrically connected network
cable network linked to geometrical network in proper
sequence with all route sections in order
13. Dramatic Situation
The two companies providing system A and B are
not able to migrate the electricity network
without loosing connectivity
Stop of the whole project!!!
OR
14. Strategy and Main Tasks
Too many problems to handle in one step,
therefore Divide & Conquer
Task 1: split the route sections at each
branching off, do not duplicate route section
geometries
Task 2: fill the gaps in the geometrical route
sections network
In both tasks: produce the link list to link cables
to all new route sections they pass through
19. Pattern: Reset Numbers to
Start with 1 per Cable
act FME
Sort
Start
Number (Counter) Statistics Min Calculate Count-Min
Ready to
Analise
@Value(CounterValue)+1-@Value(minCounterValuePerCable)
20. Task 2: Fill Gaps, again Keep
Sequence of Sections for Cable
23. Summary
With FME you can go further than well
established solution providers
Divide and conquer strategy
Sometimes transformer combinations repeat,
make it a pattern and make it a custom
transformer
Patterns for sequential analysis and proper
neighbourhood topology
24. Thank You!
Questions?
For more information:
Dr. Martin Huber,
martin.huber@condesys.com
Condesys Consulting GmbH
Stoecklimattweg 18
CH-3113 Rubigen
CONNECT. TRANSFORM. AUTOMATE.