The reason for the occurrence in heifers is still unanswered It may be because of stress of calving particularly with udder edema and hormonal changes lead to activation of BHM virus  and development of signs (Gibbs, 1984 ; Kemp et al., 2008 ; Martin, 1973; Sankaram and Kotayya, 1977). The clinical condition was usually sporadic in occurrence within first two months of lactation in the heifers of first calving preferably in winter season with hind quarter infection (Mouli, 1992; Sharma et al., 1998 ; Sharma and Singh, 2006).

1. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 1
Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar
Dr N B Shridhar
Professor and Head
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Veterinary College, Shivamogga-577204, Karnataka
Mobile:9448059777 Mail:shridharvet@gmail.com
AN OVERVIEW OF
BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY
1

2. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 2
HERPES MAMMILLITIS
▪ Caused by Bovine herpesvirus–2 virus.
▪ Transmission occurs via contact and insect vectors.
▪ Disease occurs in lactating cattle, buffaloes and heifers tend to be more severely
affected.
▪ Disease is most common in summer and fall or in calving season in buffaloes.
▪ Most cattle show no signs of systemic illness.
▪ Lesions may be confined to one teat, or involve all teats.
▪ Disease is typically sudden in onset, with swollen, tender teats.
▪ Irregular shaped vesicles may be seen , but usually sloughing and ulceration are the
lesions noted.
2

3. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 3
3
➢ The reason for the occurrence in heifers is still
unanswered
➢ It may be because of stress of calving particularly
with udder edema and hormonal changes lead to
activation of BHM virus and development of signs
(Gibbs, 1984 ; Kemp et al., 2008 ; Martin, 1973;
Sankaram and Kotayya, 1977).
➢ The clinical condition was usually sporadic in
occurrence within first two months of lactation in
the heifers of first calving preferably in winter
season with hind quarter infection (Mouli, 1992;
Sharma et al., 1998 ; Sharma and Singh, 2006).

4. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
⚫Bovine herpesvirus 2 (BHV-2) causes
mammillitis of teat in cows. There will be
sudden onset of inflammation, papules,
skin sloughing, vesicular growth, scab
forming, and ulceration.
⚫In early lactating primiparous buffaloes,
therer will be an acute inflammation of
one or more teats leading to necrotic ring
formation, gangrene and fibrosis (Mouli,
1992).
⚫The condition is less successfully treated
with antibiotics, NSAIDs and
glucocorticoids.
4

5. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
⚫The therapy by external application with
herbal was moderately effective in early stage
and administration of herbal capsules with
external application of herbal cream
(Shridhar, 2005 ; Sundaresh and Janaki, 1997).
⚫Lithium antimony thiomalate was used for
the condition with better cure rate in early
conditions.
⚫The probable mechanism of lithium antimony
thiomalate in curing the condition might be
due to its anti-fibrosis activity (Shridhar et al.,
2014 ; Wadhwa et al., 1992 ; Kachawa et al.,
2017
5

6. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
⚫Few had administered amoxicillin and sulbactum combination,
ketoprofen, ascorbic acid and cefoparazone for intramammary
infusion in mastitis affected quarters once only for 5 days with
recovery in early stage.
⚫Buffaloes with ulcerative thelitis suspected to be caused by
bovine herpes mammillitis (BHV-2) infections were treated with
acyclovir orally with external application for 5 days with cure
rate of 62.5%.
⚫However, the treatment is unsuccessful in many cases.
⚫It was treated with combination of lithium antimony thiomalate,
chlorpheneramine mealate, meloxicam with acyclovir oral and
topical therapy for 5 days with good success rate (Shridhar,2020)
6

7. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
⚫All the cases were administered amoxicillin and sulbactum combination @10 mg/Kg
body weight IM, ketoprofen @ 2 mg/kg body weight IM, ascorbic acid 5 g IV with
normal saline 500 ml and cefoparazone for intramammary infusion in mastitis affected
quarters once only. The treatment was continued for five to seven days on the basis of
recovery of animals.
⚫The animals were started to show little improvement in inflammation and pain on
second day.
⚫All the animals were completely recovered after seven days.
7

8. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 8
Herpes Mammillitis. Irregularly shaped vesicles on teat Herpes Mammillitis. Crusted ulcers on teat.
8

9. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 9
Necrotic mammilitis in buffaloe
9

10. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 10
10

11. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 11
11

12. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
Ulcerative mammillitis of buffaloes – showing acute inflammation of the affected teat with
glossy appearance.
12
Malleswara Rao et al., 2003

13. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
Ulcerative mammillitis of buffaloes – showing the typical sign of ulceration on the affected teat
13
Malleswara Rao et al., 2003

14. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
Ulcerative mammillitis of buffaloes – showing development of circumscribed necrosis at the base
of the affected teat
14
Malleswara Rao et al., 2003

15. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
Ulcerative mammillitis of buffaloes – showing the partial sloughing of the affected teat
15
Malleswara Rao et al., 2003

16. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 16

17. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 17

18. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 18
Intradermal inoculation of suspected whey samples into rabbit – five days of post
inoculation showing the development of severe dermonecrosis

19. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR
Intradermal inoculation of suspected whey samples into rabbit – one week post inoculation showing the stage
of scab formation
19

20. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 20
(a). Ulcerative thelitis in early stage form in a second lactating buffalo, (b) In necrotic stage in a first
lactating buffalo and (c).after complete slough in a first lactating buffalo

21. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 21
Teat cistern dilatation in a cow. (b)Teat cistern dilatation in a buffalo. (c). Note,
the huge thelitis in the left hind teat in the same buffalo

22. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 22
Mammalitis due to herpes virus

23. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR 23

24. AN OVERVIEW OF BUFFALOE MAMMILITIS AND THERAPY : DR N B SHRIDHAR