1) The document evaluates a computer-based color vision deficiency test compared to a paper-based Ishihara test.
2) 267 Egyptian university students and staff participated in both tests, with 21 found to have red-green color vision deficiency by both tests.
3) The computer-based test showed 100% sensitivity and 98.78% specificity compared to the paper-based test results.
The former Reflect solution needed to be updated to tackle three main known issues:
Corporate rebranding.
Technology step point.
User experience research.
The former Reflect solution needed to be updated to tackle three main known issues:
Corporate rebranding.
Technology step point.
User experience research.
Characterization of Novel ctDNA Reference Materials Developed using the Genom...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Liquid biopsy diagnostic technologies have revolutionized cancer testing and therapeutic monitoring. Non-invasive sample collection removes the need for invasive and dangerous biopsies to diagnose cancer and monitor therapeutic efficacy. As liquid biopsy technologies become more sensitive, screening for early detection of cancer DNA using a blood test could become routine clinical practice. However, such technologies cannot be developed without high quality reference materials. In this study, ctDNA reference materials using the NIST Genome in a Bottle GM24385 cell line DNA were developed in a human plasma-EDTA matrix. The allelic frequency (AF), size and stability of the materials were analyzed.
Ponencia: Diagnóstico prenatal no invasivo en sangre materna.
Dr. Vicenzo Cirigliano. Responsable de genética molecular y coordinador de diagnóstico prenatal Labco Diagnosis. Barcelona
An Observational Study of Correlation between Age Determinations from Radiolo...AI Publications
Background: In medico legal practice we frequently came across cases of age estimation, especially to find out whether the individual is minor or major age group. Material and Method: In this study 109 subject of age group 16-20 years were radio graphed for wrist joint from April 2021 to March 2022 in J.L.N. Medical College Ajmer. Obtained data of fusion of lower end of radius and ulna is analysed and reviewed with respect to physical development and reliable document of date of birth. Results: Out of 109 cases 64.22% (70 cases) were of females while 35.78%(39 cases) were of males of age group 16-20 years. Among female cases(56) in 16-18 years age group showed epiphyseal fusion of lower end of radius 28.57% (16 cases),in process of fusion 48.21%(27 cases) while non fusion in 23.21%(13 cases) and in 18-20 age group(14 cases) all cases showed epiphyseal union. Among female cases(56) in 16-18 years age group showed epiphyseal fusion of lower end of ulna 60.70% (34 cases),in process of fusion 8.92%(5 cases) while non fusion in 30.35%(17 cases) and in 18-20 age group(14 cases) all cases showed epiphyseal union. Among male cases(39) in 18-20 years age group showed epiphyseal fusion of lower end of radius 84.61% (33 cases),in process of fusion 10.24%(4 cases) while non fusion in 5.12%(2 cases) while epiphyseal fusion of lower end of ulna showed in 89.74% (35 cases),in process of fusion 10.24%(4 cases).
A Comparative Study of Age Related Macular Degeneration In Relation To SD-OCT...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Discordant noninvasive prenatal testing & cytogenetic results: 109 consecutive cases.
In conclusion, use of conventional cytogenetics as the reference
standard unravels a rather significant discordance with
positive NIPT results. These data should compel us to take a
cautious look at NIPT data sets and their sources. As more
commercial providers advocate this test, or sponsor academic
centers to carry them out, a more diligent comparison of NIPT
results with cytogenetic tests should be undertaken.
Characterization of Novel ctDNA Reference Materials Developed using the Genom...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Liquid biopsy diagnostic technologies have revolutionized cancer testing and therapeutic monitoring. Non-invasive sample collection removes the need for invasive and dangerous biopsies to diagnose cancer and monitor therapeutic efficacy. As liquid biopsy technologies become more sensitive, screening for early detection of cancer DNA using a blood test could become routine clinical practice. However, such technologies cannot be developed without high quality reference materials. In this study, ctDNA reference materials using the NIST Genome in a Bottle GM24385 cell line DNA were developed in a human plasma-EDTA matrix. The allelic frequency (AF), size and stability of the materials were analyzed.
Ponencia: Diagnóstico prenatal no invasivo en sangre materna.
Dr. Vicenzo Cirigliano. Responsable de genética molecular y coordinador de diagnóstico prenatal Labco Diagnosis. Barcelona
An Observational Study of Correlation between Age Determinations from Radiolo...AI Publications
Background: In medico legal practice we frequently came across cases of age estimation, especially to find out whether the individual is minor or major age group. Material and Method: In this study 109 subject of age group 16-20 years were radio graphed for wrist joint from April 2021 to March 2022 in J.L.N. Medical College Ajmer. Obtained data of fusion of lower end of radius and ulna is analysed and reviewed with respect to physical development and reliable document of date of birth. Results: Out of 109 cases 64.22% (70 cases) were of females while 35.78%(39 cases) were of males of age group 16-20 years. Among female cases(56) in 16-18 years age group showed epiphyseal fusion of lower end of radius 28.57% (16 cases),in process of fusion 48.21%(27 cases) while non fusion in 23.21%(13 cases) and in 18-20 age group(14 cases) all cases showed epiphyseal union. Among female cases(56) in 16-18 years age group showed epiphyseal fusion of lower end of ulna 60.70% (34 cases),in process of fusion 8.92%(5 cases) while non fusion in 30.35%(17 cases) and in 18-20 age group(14 cases) all cases showed epiphyseal union. Among male cases(39) in 18-20 years age group showed epiphyseal fusion of lower end of radius 84.61% (33 cases),in process of fusion 10.24%(4 cases) while non fusion in 5.12%(2 cases) while epiphyseal fusion of lower end of ulna showed in 89.74% (35 cases),in process of fusion 10.24%(4 cases).
A Comparative Study of Age Related Macular Degeneration In Relation To SD-OCT...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Discordant noninvasive prenatal testing & cytogenetic results: 109 consecutive cases.
In conclusion, use of conventional cytogenetics as the reference
standard unravels a rather significant discordance with
positive NIPT results. These data should compel us to take a
cautious look at NIPT data sets and their sources. As more
commercial providers advocate this test, or sponsor academic
centers to carry them out, a more diligent comparison of NIPT
results with cytogenetic tests should be undertaken.
هذة المحاضرة تناقش العوالم الافتراضية فى التعليم واهمية الذكاء الاصطناعى والتوأم الرقمى والإستفادة من العلوم المختلفة فى بيئة الميتافيرس وتقنيات عالم الميتافيرس فى التعليم وتم القائها فى المؤتمر الدولى للتعليم الابداعى والتحول الرقمى فى التعليم بجامعة الكويت الدولية يوم 13 نوفمبر 2022
الذكاء الأصطناعى المسؤول ومستقبل الأمن المناخى وانعكاساته الاجتماعية والأمنيةAboul Ella Hassanien
تحت رعاية الاستاذ الدكتور / محمود صقر رئيس اكاديمية البحث العلمي و إشراف الأستاذ الدكتور/ أحمد جبر المشرف علي المجالس النوعية ورئاسة الاستاذ الدكتور / احمد الشربيني مقرر مجلس بحوث الاتصالات وتكنولوجيا المعلومات تم تنظيم ورشة عمل اليوم 7 نوفمبر بمقر اكاديمية البحث العلمي عن " دور الذكاء الاصطناعي وانترنت الاشياء في مكافحة التغيرات المناخية" وذلك بمناسبة انعقاد مؤتمر الاطراف للتغيرات المناخية COP27 والمنعقد بمدينة شرم الشيخ. وقد عرض المتحدثون وهم الاستاذ الدكتو. / ابو العلا حسانين عضو المجلس والاستاذ الدكتور / اشرف درويش عضو المجلس والدكتورة لبني ابو المجد دور وتطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي وانترنت الاشياء في مجالات متعددة ومرتبطة بالتغيرات المناخية منها الزراعة ، الطاقة، الصحة , الاقتصاد الاخضر ، النقل والمواصلات والتخطيط العمراني من اجل الحد من التاثيرات المناخية والتي تهدف الي تقليل نسب انبعاث غازات الاحتباس الحراري والتكيف مع التغيرات المناخية. امتدت ورشة العمل لاكثر من ثلاث ساعات. وشارك عدد كبير من الحضور من الجامعات والمراكز البحثية المختلفة ووسائل الاعلام. كما شارك بالحضور معالي الاستاذ الدكتور / عصام شرف رئيس وزراء مصر الاسبق. وفي نهاية ورشة العمل استعرض الاستاذ الدكتور الشربيني النتائج والتوصيات العامة لورشة العمل والتي بدورها تدعو الي تعزيز دور التكنولوجيا البازغة في مكافحة التغيرات المناخية.
الذكاء الأصطناعى المسؤول ومستقبل الأمن المناخى وانعكاساته الاجتماعية والأمنيةAboul Ella Hassanien
تحت رعاية الاستاذ الدكتور محمود صقر رئيس اكاديمية البحث العلمى والتكنولوجيا وإشراف الاستاذ الدكتور احمد جبر المشرف على المجالس النوعية ينظم مجلس تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات بالاكاديمية ندوة بعنوان "الذكاء الأصطناعى ومستقبل الأمن المناخى" يوم الاثنين الموافق 7 نوفمبر 2022 باكاديمية البحث العلمى بشارع القصر العينى وتناقش الندوة عدد من المحاور اهمها المخاطر الأمنية المتعلقة بالمناخ وتاثيرات التغير المناخى على الأمن العام و التهديدات المتصاعدة للأمن القومي والعلاقة بين التغير المناخى والموارد الطبيعية والامن الانسانى والتاثيرات المجتمعية بالاضافة الى الاثار المتتالية لتأثيرات تغير المناخ على الأمن الغذائي وأمن الطاقة والامن الإجتماعى والانسانى والذكاء الأصطناعى المسؤول ومستقبل الأمن المناخى وانعكاساته الاجتماعية والانسانية والأمنية ومحور الذكاء الاصطناعي وتعزيزإستراتيجية العمل المناخي.
تحت رعاية
الأستاذ الدكتور محمد الخشت رئيس جامعة القاهرة
كلية التجارة-جامعة القاهرة
دور الذكاء الاصطناعي فى دعم الإقتصاد الأخضر لمواجهة التغيرات المناخية
الإستخدام المسؤول للذكاء الإصطناعى فى سياق تغيرالمناخ خارطة طريق فى عال...Aboul Ella Hassanien
تحت رعاية
الأستاذ الدكتور محمد الخشت رئيس جامعة القاهرة
الأستاذ الدكتور محمد سامي - نائب رئيس الجامعة لشئون خدمة المجتمع والبيئة - جامعة القاهرة
الاستاذ الدكتور رضا عبد الوهاب – عميد كلية الحاسبات والذكاء الإصطناعى – جامعة القاهرة
ويبينار بعنوان
الإستخدام المسؤول للذكاء الإصطناعى
فى سياق تغيرالمناخ
خارطة طريق فى عالم شديد التحديات والإضطرابات
الذكاء الإصطناعي والتغيرات المناخية والبيئية:الفرص والتحديات والأدوات السياسيةAboul Ella Hassanien
تحت رعاية الأستاذ الدكتور محمد الخشت رئيس جامعة القاهرة و الأستاذ الدكتور محمد سامي - نائب رئيس الجامعة لشئون خدمة المجتمع والبيئة - جامعة القاهرة ويبينار بعنزان الذكاء الإصطناعي والتغيرات المناخية والبيئية:الفرص والتحديات والأدوات السياسية
تنظم كلية الحاسبات والذكاء الاصطناعى - جامعة دمياط ويبينار بعنون الذكاء الاصطناعى:أسلحة لاتنام وأفاق لاتنتهى يحاضر فيها الاستاذ الدكتور ابوالعلا عطيفى حسنين الاستاذ بكلية الحاسبات والذكاء الاصطناعى - جامعة القاهرة ومؤسس ورئيس المدرسة العلمية البحثية المصرية وذلك يوم الثلاثاء الموافق 26 ابريل الساعة العاشرة مساء على منصة زووم ويناقش فيها مفهوم الطائرات بدون طيار وتطبيقاتها التجارية والمدنية والعسكرية والامن السيبرانى المعزز بالذكاء الاصطناعى ومفهوم الجيوش الالكترونية وعرض بعض النقاط البحثية فى علوم الطيارات بدون طيار المعزز بتقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعى و التؤمة الرقمية ---
ويبينا بالتعاون مع كلية العلوم الادارية - جامعة الكويت بعنوان اقتصاد ميتافيرس - يوم الاربعاء الموافق 20 ابريل 2022 وتناقش العوالم الافتراضية والاقتصاد الافتراضى
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
aesthetics, safety and practicality. Whether you see the car as a whole or step
closer and explore its unique features, the Octavia range radiates with the
harmony of functionality and emotion
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
What Are The Immediate Steps To Take When The VW Temperature Light Starts Fla...Import Motorworks
Learn how to respond when the red temperature light flashes in your VW with this presentation. From checking coolant levels to seeking professional help, follow these steps promptly to prevent engine damage and ensure safety on the road.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your car
An evaluation of computer based color vision deficiency test egypt as a study case
1. AN EVALUATION OF COMPUTER BASED COLOR VISION
DEFICIENCY TEST: EGYPT AS A STUDY CASE
SRGE 19/04/2014 – ICET 2014
2. By
Dr. Noura A. Semary
Faculty of Computers & Information
Menofia University - Egypt
Member in Scientific Research Group in
Egypt (SRGE)
SRGE 19/04/2014 – ICET 2014
5. Color Vision Deficiency (CVD)
Congenital color deficiency exists due to a genetic
disorder where the color deficient person could miss
one or some pigments in the cone cells of the retina
Leads to inability to distinguish the differences between
certain colors.
11. There is NO medical treatment
Most Diagnosis Methods are specified for Red-
Green types only
Traditional diagnosis tools are very expensive and
not suitable for kids and non English people.
The awareness about this type of disorder is very
limited especially in developing countries.
12. Objectives : Evaluate the usage of computer systems
for CVD screening.
Outcomes : Reliable self-testing and Fast screening
in hard testing conditions.
14. The study based on 38-plates brand Ishihara plates.
A full CVD test has been performed using the first 21
numerical plates.
267 volunteers from the Menofia University Campus
students, staff members and workers were examined
for red green color vision deficiency.
15. The Volunteers’ personal information were collected
using a registration form.
Volunteers’ personal information as well as their test
results for both paper-based and computer-based
tests were documented in a spread sheet.
16. Examinations were done in ordinary day light, with
no direct sun exposure, plates were held 75 cm
from the volunteer and tilted so that the plane of
the paper is at right angle to the line of vision, the
numerals seen on the plates were stated within 3
seconds, and recorded by the examiner.
18. As noted in the instruction sheet of this brand,
Volunteers were diagnosed as normal if they were
able to read 17 or more plates correctly, and
diagnosed as RG-CVD if they were able to read
13 or less plates correctly.
19. The first 21 plates of a brand new Ishihara color vision
deficiency examination plates were scanned using HP
Deskjet 1050 J410 all in one scanner with 600 dpi
resolution, and color adjustment enabled.
The test program has been written in Matlab R12 and
converted to an executable program. The test has been
performed on Acer Veriton M 290 PC (Intel Core i3
Processor, 4GB-Ram).
20.
21. Start : P =1 , Correct =0
P <= 21?
YesNo
No
Yes
Correct >= 17
Normal RG-CVD
Correct <=13
Other Vision
Problem
No
Yes
Correct ++ A = B ?
Manual Input =
A
Show plate P Delay 3 s Hide plate P
P ++
Correct Answer
of plate P = B
No
Yes
22. The test has been performed on Acer Professional
24" Widescreen LCD Monitor with 1920 x 1080
Full HD resolution.
The monitor was kept half an hour in operation at a
dark room.
23. Monitor resolution was set to max.
The sufficient specs for this test are:
Color temperature 6500 ° K, Color intensities of red, green,
and blue respectively to 50%.
Colors set to "true color" (16 million colors).
24. 11 different gray shades.
7 different gray shades.
Red, Green and Blue should
appears in 2 different
colors.
26. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value, negative
predictive value, and accuracy were calculated to the
answers of the computer-based test using the paper-
based Ishihara results as a reference.
Consider FPA to refer to false positive answers, FNA is
for false negative answers, TPA is for true positive
answers and TNA is for true negative answers.
27. Screening Inefficiency (SI) measures the quality of
the discriminating ability of each plate
Minimum 𝑆𝐼 refers to Higher Accuracy
𝑆𝐼 =
𝐹𝑃𝐴 + (𝐹𝑁𝐴)
(𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠)
28. Sensitivity (Sen) is defined as the proportion of
volunteers classified as having CVD among those
with Ishihara plates proven CVD
Higher 𝑆𝑒𝑛 refers to Higher performance of CVD
cases classification.
𝑆𝑒𝑛 =
𝑇𝑃𝐴
(𝑇𝑃𝐴) + (𝐹𝑁𝐴)
29. Specificity (Spc) is the proportion of volunteers
classified as not having CVD among those in whom the
disease was excluded by Ishihara plates
Higher 𝑆𝑝𝑐 refers to Higher performance of Normal
cases classification.
𝑆𝑝𝑐 =
𝑇𝑁𝐴
(𝐹𝑃𝐴) + (𝑇𝑁𝐴)
30. Student t-test was used to calculate the statistical difference
between numerical variables. Assume H0 for null hypothis and H1 for
alternative hypothesis
𝐻0: 𝜇 = 𝜇0 , 𝐻1: 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0
The one-sample t statistic is:
𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 =
𝑥 − 𝜇0
𝑠𝑒𝑚
where 𝑥 represents the sample mean, 𝜇0 represents the expected
value under the null hypothesis, and
𝑠𝑒𝑚 = 𝑠/ 𝑛
with (𝑛 − 1) degrees of freedom
31. Screening Inefficiency (SI) was calculated for each
plate independently, and the mean and the
standard deviation for all plates were calculated.
P-value and conclusion: The 𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 is converted to a 𝑝
value with t table.
Small values of 𝑃 provide evidence against 𝐻0
32. When p value > .10 → the observed difference is “not significant”
When p value ≤ .10 → the observed difference is “marginally
significant”
When p value ≤ .05 → the observed difference is “significant”
When p value ≤ .01 → the observed difference is “highly
significant”
Use of “significant” in this context means “the observed difference is
not likely due to chance.”
34. The study included 267 volunteer, 240 males
(89.9%), and 27 females (10.1%) with an age
range from 19 to 23 years, with a mean 20.7
years, and standard deviation 1.34 years.
36. Diagnosis Plates answered correctly Number of
volunteers
Total
RD-CVD 6 3 21
8 3
12 3
13 12
Not diagnosed 16 3 3
Normal 17 15 243
18 6
19 24
20 57
21 141
37. The same number of volunteers (21) were diagnosed as
red green CVD by both tests, with 100% sensitivity of
the computer based test compared to the paper based
test.
While 243 volunteers were diagnosed as normal in
computer based test, when compared to the 246
volunteers diagnosed as normal by the paper based
test gave a 98.78% specificity for the computer based
test
39. Variance Paper based
test
Computer based
test
P value
Screening inefficiency Mean 0.04 0.05 0.092
STD 0.02 0.02
Categorization into Normal 247 243 0.0912
RG-CVD 21 21
Total number of answers Correct 5376 5310 0.004
Wrong 231 297
The categorization of normal/RG-CVD, and the total number of answers in
each test have been formulated using Chi square test.
41. Discussion & Conclusion
The prevalence of RG-CVD was 8.75 % of male
participants, no female participants were diagnosed,
both in the paper based test, and in the computer
based test, which is very close to the predictable value
in the world
Computer based test gave 100% sensitivity and
98.78% specificity, which makes the use of the
computer based test convenient for screening RG-CVD
without losing any positive cases
42. Discussion & Conclusion
Comparing the number of volunteers diagnosed as
normal or RG-CVD by both test, resulted in
statistically insignificant difference (𝑷 = 0.0912),
this adds to the reliability of the computer based
test, so, it can be used in screening of RG-CVD.
43. Discussion & Conclusion
Although comparing the total correct and wrong
answers in both tests resulted in a significant
difference (𝑷 = 0.004), however this did not affect
the reliability of the computer based test, as the
total number of correct and wrong answers did not
diagnose RG-CVD from normal, where it depends
on the number of correct and wrong answers in all
plates for each participant.
44. Test Yourself
Enjoy our Free Color Blindness
Self-Test App on Google play:
https://play.google.com/store/ap
ps/details?id=com.colorblindness1