The document describes a method for semi-automatically generating a domain module from electronic textbooks. It uses techniques like natural language processing, ontologies, and heuristic reasoning. The domain module captures knowledge at two levels: a Learning Domain Ontology that represents topics and relationships between them, and a set of Learning Objects containing educational resources. The method involves preprocessing the textbook, analyzing its outline to generate an initial LDO, analyzing the full text to expand the LDO, and extracting Learning Objects. It was tested on an electronic textbook and the automatically generated knowledge was compared to a manually created domain module.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A SURVEY AND COMPARETIVE ANALYSIS OF E-LEARNING PLATFORM (MOODLE AND BLACKBOARD)paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation of open source e-learning platforms with the aim of finding the most suitable platform for extending to an adaptive one. The extended platform will be utilized in an operational teaching environment. Therefore, the overall functionality of the platform is as important as the adaptation capabilities, and the evaluation treats both issues in this paper .in this paper we will explain the proper and best learning platform for Users . In this we will compare one of the best learning platforms (Moodle and Blackbox) both are all of them best virtual learning platform. We will compare both virtual system its functionality and using best tool. This paper is focused on the Moodle Architecture and comparative study of Moodle, thus we discusses comparisons it between different virtual learning platform at last conclusion we will describe which learning platform is best for users.Keywords: E-learning, Blackboard, Moodle, tools, function, methodology.
Title: A SURVEY AND COMPARETIVE ANALYSIS OF E-LEARNING PLATFORM (MOODLE AND BLACKBOARD)
Author: Kanak Sachan, Dr. Rajiv Singh
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
Ontology-based Semantic Approach for Learning Object RecommendationIDES Editor
The main focus of this paper is to apply an ontologybased
approach for semantic learning object recommendation
towards personalized e-learning systems. Ontologies for
learner model, learning objects and semantic mapping rules
are proposed. The recommender can be able to provide
individually learning object by taking the learner preferences
and styles, which used to adjust or fine-tune in learning object
recommending process. In the proposed framework, we
demonstrated how the ontologies can be used to enable
machines to interpret and process learning resources in
recommendation system. The recommendation consists of four
steps: semantic mapping between learner and learning
objects, preference score calculation, learning object ranking
and recommending the learning object. As a result, a
personalized and most suitable learning object is
recommended to the learner.
Usability of BLESS-implemented class room: a case study of mixtioTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Conventional learning system and e-learning have their own strengths and weaknesses. To combine both systems, blended learning is created. In Extention Program of Informatics Engineering Faculty at XYZ university most of the students already have jobs. As much 47.5 % of students who take this program have a job in daily office hours. Then, to facilitate the learning process the XYZ university develop learning management system (LMS) by Moodle. XYZ university want to make a learning process with blended learning concept. However, the Moodle sytem has limited function to adapt the blended learning system (BLS). In the aim to improve the class usability in BLS, then this study proposes to apply to Blended Learning System Structure (BLESS) into LMS design. BLESS is offered as a framework which matches to learning and uses a top-down approach. Then, the system design maed it “Mixtio”. At the end of this study, it can be seen the analysis result of the use of BLESS can improve system usability of LMS.
Peer tutoring strategy changes the role of instructors no matter what the instructor is an educator or a peer. The well-known method in computer science education, pair programming, is some kind of effective collaborative peer tutoring activity. The advantages of peer tutoring method emphasize similar prior knowledge and languages among peers so as to achieve teaching goals. Data Structure is a very important basic curriculum, regarded as a mandatory course in relevant computer domains of university. However, most of students fail to present their coding skills after learning data structure course. Cooperative learning is an effective learning strategy in which is often applied to education field. Students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward academic goals. Pair Programming could decrease errors in coding, increase coding quality and promote programmers confidence, as well as enhance their coding ability. This study incorporates an experimental learning activity, in which the students are asked to write programming codes, which can enhance students’ learning motivation. Then, this study compares the performance of the students with different learning
styles in learning motivation. According the results of Two-way ANOVA, the proposed intervention could increase students learning performance. The reflective-style students could have better learning achievement than active-style ones.
Introduction of TPACK-XL: Building Future Teachers' Knowledge Base to Teach i...Dr. Milad M. SAAD
This presentation is an innovative theoretical grounding that builds on TPACK to provide a guiding conceptual perspective in designing teacher education programs.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A SURVEY AND COMPARETIVE ANALYSIS OF E-LEARNING PLATFORM (MOODLE AND BLACKBOARD)paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation of open source e-learning platforms with the aim of finding the most suitable platform for extending to an adaptive one. The extended platform will be utilized in an operational teaching environment. Therefore, the overall functionality of the platform is as important as the adaptation capabilities, and the evaluation treats both issues in this paper .in this paper we will explain the proper and best learning platform for Users . In this we will compare one of the best learning platforms (Moodle and Blackbox) both are all of them best virtual learning platform. We will compare both virtual system its functionality and using best tool. This paper is focused on the Moodle Architecture and comparative study of Moodle, thus we discusses comparisons it between different virtual learning platform at last conclusion we will describe which learning platform is best for users.Keywords: E-learning, Blackboard, Moodle, tools, function, methodology.
Title: A SURVEY AND COMPARETIVE ANALYSIS OF E-LEARNING PLATFORM (MOODLE AND BLACKBOARD)
Author: Kanak Sachan, Dr. Rajiv Singh
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
Ontology-based Semantic Approach for Learning Object RecommendationIDES Editor
The main focus of this paper is to apply an ontologybased
approach for semantic learning object recommendation
towards personalized e-learning systems. Ontologies for
learner model, learning objects and semantic mapping rules
are proposed. The recommender can be able to provide
individually learning object by taking the learner preferences
and styles, which used to adjust or fine-tune in learning object
recommending process. In the proposed framework, we
demonstrated how the ontologies can be used to enable
machines to interpret and process learning resources in
recommendation system. The recommendation consists of four
steps: semantic mapping between learner and learning
objects, preference score calculation, learning object ranking
and recommending the learning object. As a result, a
personalized and most suitable learning object is
recommended to the learner.
Usability of BLESS-implemented class room: a case study of mixtioTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Conventional learning system and e-learning have their own strengths and weaknesses. To combine both systems, blended learning is created. In Extention Program of Informatics Engineering Faculty at XYZ university most of the students already have jobs. As much 47.5 % of students who take this program have a job in daily office hours. Then, to facilitate the learning process the XYZ university develop learning management system (LMS) by Moodle. XYZ university want to make a learning process with blended learning concept. However, the Moodle sytem has limited function to adapt the blended learning system (BLS). In the aim to improve the class usability in BLS, then this study proposes to apply to Blended Learning System Structure (BLESS) into LMS design. BLESS is offered as a framework which matches to learning and uses a top-down approach. Then, the system design maed it “Mixtio”. At the end of this study, it can be seen the analysis result of the use of BLESS can improve system usability of LMS.
Peer tutoring strategy changes the role of instructors no matter what the instructor is an educator or a peer. The well-known method in computer science education, pair programming, is some kind of effective collaborative peer tutoring activity. The advantages of peer tutoring method emphasize similar prior knowledge and languages among peers so as to achieve teaching goals. Data Structure is a very important basic curriculum, regarded as a mandatory course in relevant computer domains of university. However, most of students fail to present their coding skills after learning data structure course. Cooperative learning is an effective learning strategy in which is often applied to education field. Students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward academic goals. Pair Programming could decrease errors in coding, increase coding quality and promote programmers confidence, as well as enhance their coding ability. This study incorporates an experimental learning activity, in which the students are asked to write programming codes, which can enhance students’ learning motivation. Then, this study compares the performance of the students with different learning
styles in learning motivation. According the results of Two-way ANOVA, the proposed intervention could increase students learning performance. The reflective-style students could have better learning achievement than active-style ones.
Introduction of TPACK-XL: Building Future Teachers' Knowledge Base to Teach i...Dr. Milad M. SAAD
This presentation is an innovative theoretical grounding that builds on TPACK to provide a guiding conceptual perspective in designing teacher education programs.
Exploring the Level of Computer Literacy for Candidates in Higher Education: ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Bahrain Polytechnic is a Higher Education technical institution established in 2008 (by Royal Decree No. 65 for the year 2008). Its main mission is to supply the Bahraini economy with a skilled Bahraini labour force aiming to contribute to economic growth and diversification. The Polytechnic ensures that its values of excellence, learning and innovation are achieved by designing curricula that meet international standards as well as national and individual needs through continuous consultations with the industries and international education institutions. The development of computer and technological literacy is a significant predictor for success in the workplace and is also one of the key skills that the polytechnic provides through its programmes to students and faculty. This paper explores how computer literacy and skills are acquired by educators and students through International Computer Driving License (ICDL) tools employed at Bahrain Polytechnic. The study also considers the challenges that hinder learners from completing the requirements of ICDL. If adequate numbers of faculty and students have already learned basic computer skills, then the question facing the polytechnic is if computer literacy should continue to be taught at all levels. To answer this question, ICDL tests were administered to ascertain the computer literacy level of existing faculty and students. The results of the tests will determine which ICDL tests students and faculty should be placed on in order to address their computer literacy needs.
Learner Ontological Model for Intelligent Virtual Collaborative Learning Envi...ijceronline
An enacting approach to intelligent virtual collaborative learning model is explored through the lens of critical ontology. This ontological model enables to reuse of the domain knowledge and to make the knowledge explicitly available to the agent working as an Expert System, which uses the operational knowledge in collaborative learning environment. This ontological model used by the agent to identify the preliminary competency level of the user. This environment offers personalized education to each learner in accordance with his/her learning preferences, and learning capabilities. Here the factors considered to identify the learning capability taken are demographic profile, age, family profile, basic educational qualification and basic competency scale. The conception of heuristics is then used by the agent to determine the effectiveness of the learner by referring the different parameters of the learner available in the ontological model.To help getting over this, the paper describes the experience on using an ontological model for collaborative learning to relate and integrate the history of the learner by maintaining the history of learner in collaborative learning environment that will be used by the Multi-Objective Grey Situation Decision Making Theory to infer the understanding level of user and produces the conditional content to the user
TPACK-XL Framework for Educators and Scholars: A Theoretical Grounding for Bu...Dr. Milad M. SAAD
What is the nature of preservice teachers knowledge base that would enable them teach with technology? How preservice teacher education programs should be structured to build this knowledge base? In an effort to respond to these questions, this study examines the mostly recognized relevant theoretical grounding of the nature of the teacher knowledge base. As a result, it introduces TPACK-XL as a transformative view of a strand of Mishra and Koehler (2005) TPACK (Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge) theoretical framework, named ICT-TPCK as proposed by Angeli and Valanides (2009).
Semi Automated Text Categorization Using Demonstration Based Term SetIJCSEA Journal
Manual Analysis of huge amount of textual data requires a tremendous amount of processing time and effort in reading the text and organizing them in required format. In the current scenario, the major problem is with text categorization because of the high dimensionality of feature space. Now-a-days there are many methods available to deal with text feature selection. This paper aims at such semi automated text categorization feature selection methodology to deal with a massive data using one of the phases of David Merrill’s First principles of instruction (FPI). It uses a pre-defined category group by providing them with the proper training set based on the demonstration phase of FPI. The methodology involves the text tokenization, text categorization and text analysis.
Selection of Learning Materials Based on Students’ Behaviors in 3DMUVLETELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Learning in 3-dimensional virtual environments has been widely used as a complement to traditional learning. Multi User Virtual Learning Environment in 3 Dimensions (3DMUVLE) provides many benefits and can support lifelong learning. In its implementation, this learning has not supported personal learning. This study aims to build a 3DMUVLE with personalized materials based on students' models. The system development model uses the Linear Sequence model by integrating MOODLE, SLOODLE and OPENSIM. Student's model in this research is Myer Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and determination of type uses fuzzy logic. The results of this study are 16 types of students and each type consists of 3 levels: low, medium and high. Each level has a specific learning material. The implication of this research is the level of MBTI type so that the learning material is more specific.
Random forest application on cognitive level classification of E-learning co...IJECEIAES
The e-learning is the primary method of learning for most learners after the regular academics studies. The knowledge delivery through E-learning technologies increased exponentially over the years because of the advancement in internet and e-learning technologies. Knowledge delivery to some people would never have been possible without the e-learning technologies. Most of the working professional do focused studies for carrier advancement, promotion or to improve the domain knowledge. These learner can find many free e-learning web sites from the internet easily in the domain of interest. However it is quite difficult to find the best e-learning content suitable for their learning based on their domain knowledge level. User spent most of the time figuring out the right content from a plethora of available content and end up learning nothing. An intelligent framework using machine learning algorithms with random forest Classifier is proposed to address this issue, which classifies the e-learning content based on its difficulty levels and provide the learner the best content suitable based on the knowledge level .The frame work is trained with the data set collected from multiple popular e-learning web sites. The model is tested with real time e-learning web sites links and found that the e-contents in the web sites are recommended to the user based on its difficulty levels as beginner level, intermediate level and advanced level.
Goa university prospectus 2016 17 educationiconnect.com 786200478600007123
We provide university prospectus student can check all prospectus in any slide Goa university prospectus 2016 17 educationiconnect.com 7862004786 Goa university
Predicting depression using deep learning and ensemble algorithms on raw twit...IJECEIAES
Social network and microblogging sites such as Twitter are widespread amongst all generations nowadays where people connect and share their feelings, emotions, pursuits etc. Depression, one of the most common mental disorder, is an acute state of sadness where person loses interest in all activities. If not treated immediately this can result in dire consequences such as death. In this era of virtual world, people are more comfortable in expressing their emotions in such sites as they have become a part and parcel of everyday lives. The research put forth thus, employs machine learning classifiers on the twitter data set to detect if a person’s tweet indicates any sign of depression or not.
Design and Implementation of Efficient Search Methodology for Content-Based R...IDES Editor
E-Learning portal is the full of content of different
formats like text, metadata, image, audio, and video. Current
search methodologies have a direct impact on the fundamental
retrieval issues that information seekers encounter in their use
of the vast number of search systems on the web today. Recently,
information retrieval for text and multimedia content has
become an important research area. Content-based retrieval
in multimedia is a challenging problem since multimedia data
needs detailed interpretation from pixel values. Based on
several new technologies, such as ubiquitous computing,
ontology engineering, semantic web and grid computing, it is
observed that for flexible educational platform architecture
for E-Learning that is OntoEdu is must. In this paper we offer
review report of E-Learning architecture and propose efficient
search algorithm to retrieve multimedia content from the ELearning
environment. The purpose of this technique is to
efficient and fast retrieval of data from content based
environment. The results of these proposed searching
techniques have been found satisfactorily.
Experimental study of strength and durability of concrete with sodium silicat...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for the performance of the material, it is essential to have binder which is reasonably priced, environmental friendly and allow better process efficiency. With respect to the same, Sodium silicate based formulations have been used for increased efficiency. The paper presents the work carried out for the improvement of mechanical properties of fly ash by adding a binder sodium silicate. Sodium silicate is added as a binder with cement and fly ash and then compacted. .The compacts were treated in normal water at room temperature for 3 days, 7days and 28 days. The compressive strength, flexure strength were investigated. Sodium Silicate as surface treatment is also investigated by keeping at compacts in room temperature and curing is done under special condition. Lastly beneficial for protecting from chloride attack is also investigated. It was observed that compressive strength of fly ash increased with curing of sodium silicate and particles were dispersed and deviated from their globular equi axed shaped to multifaceted type. Key Words: Binder, Sodium Silicate, Fly ash, Chloride attack, equi axed shaped, multifaceted type
Secure system based on recombined fingerprints for sharing multimedia files i...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper the execution time is less when compared to previous algorithm. And also it provide security between the merchant and buyer The traitor tracing protocol is used to detect the illegal transaction. Here we used fingerprinting solution to avoid illegal redistribution of multimedia contents. Here we convert the multimedia video file into image then encrypting the image after the encrypted image will be transferred from merchant to buyer. The buyer receives the copyright protection from merchant, he decrypts the image then converts it into video. After that, the copyright protection of file is transferred to child buyer. Then tracing traitor protocol is used to checks the fingerprints for merchant to buyer and buyer to child buyer. Traitor tracing protocol is used to detect the illegal transaction of the content. The Blowfish algorithm is used to encrypt and decrypt the multimedia files. Finally we detect the performance of our work based on efficiency, accuracy and we achieve security. Keywords: Fingerprint, Multimedia files, Blowfish algorithm, Merchant, Buyer, Child Buyer, Copyright Protection
An algorithm for solving integer linear programming problemseSAT Journals
Abstract An axisymmetric bending analysis of four-parameter functionally graded annular plate under uniform transverse load is studied. Generalization of four-parameter power-law distribution presented in literature is proposed. Four kinds of material profiles through the functionally graded annular plate thickness are illustrated by varying the four parameters of power-law distribution. Generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is used to discretize the system of governing equations. The convergence of the method is illustrated and the validation of the results is done by a comparison with another study which available in the literature and good agreement between two studies was found. Index Terms:axisymmetric, four-parameter power-law distribution, annular plate, symmetric, asymmetric, functionally graded plate
Exploring the Level of Computer Literacy for Candidates in Higher Education: ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Bahrain Polytechnic is a Higher Education technical institution established in 2008 (by Royal Decree No. 65 for the year 2008). Its main mission is to supply the Bahraini economy with a skilled Bahraini labour force aiming to contribute to economic growth and diversification. The Polytechnic ensures that its values of excellence, learning and innovation are achieved by designing curricula that meet international standards as well as national and individual needs through continuous consultations with the industries and international education institutions. The development of computer and technological literacy is a significant predictor for success in the workplace and is also one of the key skills that the polytechnic provides through its programmes to students and faculty. This paper explores how computer literacy and skills are acquired by educators and students through International Computer Driving License (ICDL) tools employed at Bahrain Polytechnic. The study also considers the challenges that hinder learners from completing the requirements of ICDL. If adequate numbers of faculty and students have already learned basic computer skills, then the question facing the polytechnic is if computer literacy should continue to be taught at all levels. To answer this question, ICDL tests were administered to ascertain the computer literacy level of existing faculty and students. The results of the tests will determine which ICDL tests students and faculty should be placed on in order to address their computer literacy needs.
Learner Ontological Model for Intelligent Virtual Collaborative Learning Envi...ijceronline
An enacting approach to intelligent virtual collaborative learning model is explored through the lens of critical ontology. This ontological model enables to reuse of the domain knowledge and to make the knowledge explicitly available to the agent working as an Expert System, which uses the operational knowledge in collaborative learning environment. This ontological model used by the agent to identify the preliminary competency level of the user. This environment offers personalized education to each learner in accordance with his/her learning preferences, and learning capabilities. Here the factors considered to identify the learning capability taken are demographic profile, age, family profile, basic educational qualification and basic competency scale. The conception of heuristics is then used by the agent to determine the effectiveness of the learner by referring the different parameters of the learner available in the ontological model.To help getting over this, the paper describes the experience on using an ontological model for collaborative learning to relate and integrate the history of the learner by maintaining the history of learner in collaborative learning environment that will be used by the Multi-Objective Grey Situation Decision Making Theory to infer the understanding level of user and produces the conditional content to the user
TPACK-XL Framework for Educators and Scholars: A Theoretical Grounding for Bu...Dr. Milad M. SAAD
What is the nature of preservice teachers knowledge base that would enable them teach with technology? How preservice teacher education programs should be structured to build this knowledge base? In an effort to respond to these questions, this study examines the mostly recognized relevant theoretical grounding of the nature of the teacher knowledge base. As a result, it introduces TPACK-XL as a transformative view of a strand of Mishra and Koehler (2005) TPACK (Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge) theoretical framework, named ICT-TPCK as proposed by Angeli and Valanides (2009).
Semi Automated Text Categorization Using Demonstration Based Term SetIJCSEA Journal
Manual Analysis of huge amount of textual data requires a tremendous amount of processing time and effort in reading the text and organizing them in required format. In the current scenario, the major problem is with text categorization because of the high dimensionality of feature space. Now-a-days there are many methods available to deal with text feature selection. This paper aims at such semi automated text categorization feature selection methodology to deal with a massive data using one of the phases of David Merrill’s First principles of instruction (FPI). It uses a pre-defined category group by providing them with the proper training set based on the demonstration phase of FPI. The methodology involves the text tokenization, text categorization and text analysis.
Selection of Learning Materials Based on Students’ Behaviors in 3DMUVLETELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Learning in 3-dimensional virtual environments has been widely used as a complement to traditional learning. Multi User Virtual Learning Environment in 3 Dimensions (3DMUVLE) provides many benefits and can support lifelong learning. In its implementation, this learning has not supported personal learning. This study aims to build a 3DMUVLE with personalized materials based on students' models. The system development model uses the Linear Sequence model by integrating MOODLE, SLOODLE and OPENSIM. Student's model in this research is Myer Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and determination of type uses fuzzy logic. The results of this study are 16 types of students and each type consists of 3 levels: low, medium and high. Each level has a specific learning material. The implication of this research is the level of MBTI type so that the learning material is more specific.
Random forest application on cognitive level classification of E-learning co...IJECEIAES
The e-learning is the primary method of learning for most learners after the regular academics studies. The knowledge delivery through E-learning technologies increased exponentially over the years because of the advancement in internet and e-learning technologies. Knowledge delivery to some people would never have been possible without the e-learning technologies. Most of the working professional do focused studies for carrier advancement, promotion or to improve the domain knowledge. These learner can find many free e-learning web sites from the internet easily in the domain of interest. However it is quite difficult to find the best e-learning content suitable for their learning based on their domain knowledge level. User spent most of the time figuring out the right content from a plethora of available content and end up learning nothing. An intelligent framework using machine learning algorithms with random forest Classifier is proposed to address this issue, which classifies the e-learning content based on its difficulty levels and provide the learner the best content suitable based on the knowledge level .The frame work is trained with the data set collected from multiple popular e-learning web sites. The model is tested with real time e-learning web sites links and found that the e-contents in the web sites are recommended to the user based on its difficulty levels as beginner level, intermediate level and advanced level.
Goa university prospectus 2016 17 educationiconnect.com 786200478600007123
We provide university prospectus student can check all prospectus in any slide Goa university prospectus 2016 17 educationiconnect.com 7862004786 Goa university
Predicting depression using deep learning and ensemble algorithms on raw twit...IJECEIAES
Social network and microblogging sites such as Twitter are widespread amongst all generations nowadays where people connect and share their feelings, emotions, pursuits etc. Depression, one of the most common mental disorder, is an acute state of sadness where person loses interest in all activities. If not treated immediately this can result in dire consequences such as death. In this era of virtual world, people are more comfortable in expressing their emotions in such sites as they have become a part and parcel of everyday lives. The research put forth thus, employs machine learning classifiers on the twitter data set to detect if a person’s tweet indicates any sign of depression or not.
Design and Implementation of Efficient Search Methodology for Content-Based R...IDES Editor
E-Learning portal is the full of content of different
formats like text, metadata, image, audio, and video. Current
search methodologies have a direct impact on the fundamental
retrieval issues that information seekers encounter in their use
of the vast number of search systems on the web today. Recently,
information retrieval for text and multimedia content has
become an important research area. Content-based retrieval
in multimedia is a challenging problem since multimedia data
needs detailed interpretation from pixel values. Based on
several new technologies, such as ubiquitous computing,
ontology engineering, semantic web and grid computing, it is
observed that for flexible educational platform architecture
for E-Learning that is OntoEdu is must. In this paper we offer
review report of E-Learning architecture and propose efficient
search algorithm to retrieve multimedia content from the ELearning
environment. The purpose of this technique is to
efficient and fast retrieval of data from content based
environment. The results of these proposed searching
techniques have been found satisfactorily.
Experimental study of strength and durability of concrete with sodium silicat...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for the performance of the material, it is essential to have binder which is reasonably priced, environmental friendly and allow better process efficiency. With respect to the same, Sodium silicate based formulations have been used for increased efficiency. The paper presents the work carried out for the improvement of mechanical properties of fly ash by adding a binder sodium silicate. Sodium silicate is added as a binder with cement and fly ash and then compacted. .The compacts were treated in normal water at room temperature for 3 days, 7days and 28 days. The compressive strength, flexure strength were investigated. Sodium Silicate as surface treatment is also investigated by keeping at compacts in room temperature and curing is done under special condition. Lastly beneficial for protecting from chloride attack is also investigated. It was observed that compressive strength of fly ash increased with curing of sodium silicate and particles were dispersed and deviated from their globular equi axed shaped to multifaceted type. Key Words: Binder, Sodium Silicate, Fly ash, Chloride attack, equi axed shaped, multifaceted type
Secure system based on recombined fingerprints for sharing multimedia files i...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper the execution time is less when compared to previous algorithm. And also it provide security between the merchant and buyer The traitor tracing protocol is used to detect the illegal transaction. Here we used fingerprinting solution to avoid illegal redistribution of multimedia contents. Here we convert the multimedia video file into image then encrypting the image after the encrypted image will be transferred from merchant to buyer. The buyer receives the copyright protection from merchant, he decrypts the image then converts it into video. After that, the copyright protection of file is transferred to child buyer. Then tracing traitor protocol is used to checks the fingerprints for merchant to buyer and buyer to child buyer. Traitor tracing protocol is used to detect the illegal transaction of the content. The Blowfish algorithm is used to encrypt and decrypt the multimedia files. Finally we detect the performance of our work based on efficiency, accuracy and we achieve security. Keywords: Fingerprint, Multimedia files, Blowfish algorithm, Merchant, Buyer, Child Buyer, Copyright Protection
An algorithm for solving integer linear programming problemseSAT Journals
Abstract An axisymmetric bending analysis of four-parameter functionally graded annular plate under uniform transverse load is studied. Generalization of four-parameter power-law distribution presented in literature is proposed. Four kinds of material profiles through the functionally graded annular plate thickness are illustrated by varying the four parameters of power-law distribution. Generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is used to discretize the system of governing equations. The convergence of the method is illustrated and the validation of the results is done by a comparison with another study which available in the literature and good agreement between two studies was found. Index Terms:axisymmetric, four-parameter power-law distribution, annular plate, symmetric, asymmetric, functionally graded plate
Managing over allocation of resource in steel industries using project manage...eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine if implementing project management software, especially Microsoft Project, would increase effectiveness of organization’s project management and reduce project duration. It focuses on famous quote “Good project management cannot guarantee success, but poor management on significant projects always leads to failure.” Keywords: - Good Project management, Methodology, Microsoft Project, Project Duration, Software.
Analysis of protection measures on equipment of gis for very fast transient o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) have found a broad range of applications in power systems because of their high reliability, easy maintenance, small ground space requirements etc. In a Gas insulated substations, the operation of disconnector switches and circuit breakers can cause Very Fast Transient Overvoltages (VFTOs), which will bring an instantaneous change in voltage with a very short rise time and it is normally followed by oscillation having high frequencies. For designing the insulation level of a substation, it is essential to know the maximum value of VFTO. Fast operating disconnector switches are usually used to reduce time of the breakdown; however, it cannot eliminate fully the effect of the VFTO. Very Fast Transient Overvoltages caused by disconnector switch operation of 1000 kv GIS is simulated and calculated in this paper using MATLAB. The various protection measures on equipment of GIS have been compared and analyzed by adding ferrite rings, opening and closing of resistor, metal oxide arrester and R-C absorber. Index Terms: Gas Insulated Substation, Very Fast Transient Overvoltage’s, Matlab/Simulink, Disconnector switch.
Impact of inadvertent interchange pricing in deregulated power sectoreSAT Journals
Abstract Hummingbird is a novel Ultra-light weight cryptographic encryption scheme used for RFID applications of privacy-preserving identification and mutual authentication protocols, motivated by the well known enigma machine. Hummingbird is expected to meet the stringent response time and power consumption requirements which can provide the designed security with a small block size.This algorithm is shown as it is resistant to the most common attacks like linear and differential cryptanalysis.Some properties for integrating this algorithm into a privacy identification and mutual authentification protocol is investicated.This is implemented using the LABVIEW software. Keywords: privacy-preserving identification,mutual authentication protocols,lightweight cryptography scheme
Modeling monthly average daily diffuse radiation for dhaka, bangladesheSAT Journals
Abstract The diffuse part of solar radiation is one of the elements necessary for the design and evaluation of energy production of a solar system. However, in most cases, when radiometric measurements are made, only global radiation is available. To remedy this situation, this paper presents a model of the scattered radiation measured on a horizontal surface for the capital city of Bangladesh. The correlation established for the chosen site was compared to the work of Liu anf Jordan, Page, Collares Pereira and Rabl, Modi and Sukhatme and Gupta el al. Keywords: Diffuse Radiation, Clearness Index, Regression analysis, Horizontal Radiation.
Ergonomics and occupational health in construction worker certification in in...eSAT Journals
Abstract In order to improve the professionalism of the construction workforce, Indonesian government through the Institute of Development Construction Services perform certification for experts named Competency Standards Expert (CSE) and skilled labor named Competency Standards Skilled (CSS) which are based on the Indonesian National Competence Standard (INCS). There are three competencies listed in INCS, namely general competency, core competencies, and competence option. In general competency containing the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), ergonomics is not included as an element of competence that must be possessed, eventhough ergonomics is closely related to occupational health. In this study the aspects of ergonomics is examined in the form of muscle pain (musculoskeletal disorder), and remedial efforts are made by improving the work method to met the principle of ergonomics to reduce the occurrence of such complaints. The results showed that ergonomic working methods can reduce muscle pain complaints on the work of masonry, plaster, ceramic, and painting significantly.
Keywords: competence certification, INCS, ergonomics, muscle pain complaints.
Swarm robotics for intelligent warehousingeSAT Journals
Abstract Warehousing has become an important part of the supply chain of any business. With a rise in global business there is increasing pressure to modernize and improve the critical component of warehousing. This paper proposes automation of warehousing by using swarm intelligence. It describes the various key features that define a swarm of robots, the various control mechanism. This paper proposes a sample design of the warehouse robot and the warehouse layout. It proposes some key infrastructural changes in order to enable swarm intelligence. It proposes a model and unique control mechanism between the various stakeholders of the warehousing system. It also demonstrates improvements in some areas such as effective utilization of space, reduction in retrieval time, reduction in power consumption and overall improvement in efficiency. Keywords: Swarm Robotics, Warehousing, Centralized Control
Seismic analysis of water tank considering effect on time periodeSAT Journals
Abstract While comparing both IS 1893-1984 and IS 1893(part II), first section we consider effect of Seismic responses-base shear, base moment, direction of seismic force, effect of vertical ground acceleration, maximum hydrodynamic pressure, sloshing wave height and additional parameters which calculated using response spectra with change in staging height and performing a few simple calculations and graphs. Here we observe the effect on time period with reference to the staging height in same sample calculations and graph obtained for different quantity. And also collecting the actual site dimension’s (parameters) situated in Nagpur, for evaluation effect of staging height on earthquake forces and effect of soil type conditions on earthquake forces with constant zone, analyzing the tank in SAP2000 for stiffness at different staging height. And analysis has been done by both IS codes. This analysis shows the difference between the all the parameters. Keywords: IS 1893-1984, IS 1893(part II), SAP2000
Synthesis and application of natural dye sensitizd cds thin films as photoano...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Natural dyes obtained from plants, vegetables and fruits are widely studied and tested as low cost sensitizer for dye sensitized solar cell ( DSSC) in order to replace the rare and expensive inorganic and organic sensitizers. Although, many works have been done using TiO2, ZrO2, ZnO etc. as the nanoporous semiconductor, little importance was given to the use of CdS thin film as a cost effective alternative. In the present study CdS thin films were synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique and its optical, structural and morphological properties were investigated by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The as synthesized films were found to be nanoporous in nature and are favorable for adsorbing the dyes on to its surface. Two natural dyes extracted from locally available plant leaves namely lawsonia inermis linn and caesalpinia pulcherrima were then adsorbed on the as synthesized CdS thin films for the formation of the working electrode for application in DSSC. The interaction between the nanoporous CdS thin films and the natural dyes were investigated through UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy with an aim to fabricate working electrode for application in DSSC.
Keywords: DSSC, thin film, CdS, natural dyes
Abstract The data can get lost, reordered or duplicated due to the presence of routers and buffer space over the unreliable channel in the conventional networks. The data link layer deals with frame formation, flow control, error control, and addressing and link management. All such functions will be performed only by data link protocols. The sliding window protocol will detect and correct error if the received data have enough redundant bits or repeat a retransmission of data. The paper shows the working of this duplex protocol of data link network. Keywords: ACK, GOBACK, ARQ, NACK.
Analysis of river flow data to develop stage discharge relationshipeSAT Journals
Abstract For investigation and design of river valley projects, assessment of the water resources potential of river basins and peak discharge is to be made. For these, the collection of daily discharge data is necessary. But direct measurement of daily discharge in a number of points in all streams is not only prohibitive in cost, but also very much time consuming, which can be best achieved by using stage-discharge relationship. In the present work, field data of three gauging sites, i.e. Theni (Basin: Mahanadi to Kanyakumari), Pingalwada (Basin: Mahi, Sabarmati and others) and Ghatsila (Basin: Subarnarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarni) were analysed to develop the steady-state stage-discharge relationship. Stage and Discharge data with the time of the gauging stations were available. Erroneous values were identified by comparative examination of the stage-hydrograph and discharge-hydrograph plotted one above the other. These values were rectified before developing stage-discharge equations. Keywords: Basins, Discharge, Gauge, Hydrograph, Rating curve and Stage.
Automatic identification and classification of microaneurysms for detection o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Headlights of vehicles pose a great danger during night driving. The drivers of most vehicles use high, bright beam while driving at night. This causes a discomfort to the person travelling from the opposite direction. He experiences a sudden glare for a short period of time. This is caused due to the high intense headlight beam from the other vehicle coming towards him from the opposite direction. We are expected to dim the headlight to avoid this glare. This glare causes a temporary blindness to a person resulting in road accidents during the night. To avoid such incidents, we have fabricated a prototype of automatic headlight dimmer. This automatically switches the high beam into low beam thus reducing the glare effect by sensing the approaching vehicle. It also eliminates the requirement of manual switching by the driver which is not done at all times. The construction, working and the advantages of this prototype model is discussed in detail in this paper. Keywords: Headlight, automatic, dimmer, control, high beam, low beam, Kelvin (K).
Production of malto dextrin from broken riceeSAT Journals
Abstract Malto-dextrin, the mixture of glucose, maltose and dextrin is used in food industry, as bulking agent, fat replacer, and for medical/nutritional purpose. It is generally produced from cane sugar, maize (starch) etc. by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. But presently its production rate is not so high. Malto-dextrin production from broken rice, a waste, is very beneficial because of its low cost and availability. In this paper, the objective of this study was to maximize the malto-dextrin production from rice starch by acid hydrolysis and also the effect of particle size on production of malto-dextrin. The rice starch was hydrolyzed by Hydrochloric acid (HCl). The range of the factors employed were particle mesh size, gelatinization pressure and time, saccharification time. The optimized gelatinization condition was 15psig for 30 minutes. The optimized acid hydrolysis condition was 67oC for 30 minutes. The optimized particle size was 18 meshes both for raw and parboiled rice. Maximum yield was 90.434% (before separation of proteins), and 94.43% (after separation of proteins). Keywords: malto-dextrin, rice starch, acid hydrolysis, particle mesh size
Identification of dynamic rigidity for high speed spindles supported on ball ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The widespread use of high-speed machining in recent decades has led to a significant area of research on issues that limit its productivity. Regenerative chatter is a well‐known machining problem that results in unstable cutting process, leads to the poor surface quality, reduced material removal rate and damage on the machine tool itself. The main requirement for the stability of system dynamics is the information of tool tip frequency response functions (FRF’s).The present work considered a coupled model of spindle-bearing system by using the angular contact ball bearing forces on stability of machining. Using Timoshenko beam element formulation, the spindle unit is analyzed by including the gyroscopic and centrifugal terms and the bearing contact forces are arrived from Hertzian contact theory. Then, the model is used for studying the effects of viscous damping to obtain the tool point FRF for the dynamic spindle. Index Terms: Spindle dynamics, Stability, High speed effects, Bearing contact forces, Hertzian contact theory, Finite element modeling.
Effect of thermal barrier coating for the improvement of si engine performanc...eSAT Journals
Abstract As per the second law of thermodynamics the efficiency of the engine depends upon the extraction of work against the heat supplied. Minimisation of heat rejection leads to increase the work. Heat rejection takes place through the engine piston, valves and cylinder heads to the surroundings. The aim of the study is to minimise this heat rejection to the surroundings. Heat transfer through the engine parts is minimised by applying the thermal barrier coating materials on the top surface of the engine piston, cylinder heads and valves. In this study an attempt is made to reduce the intensity of thermal and structural stresses by using a layer of the ceramic material, like Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) which has low thermal conductivity, high thermal resistance, chemical inertness, high resistance to erosion, corrosion and high strength was selected as a coating material for engine component. This study present the effect of coating on the piston and the performance of modified four stroke petrol engine and the emission characteristics of the exhaust gas. Key words: Yttrium – zirconium coating, Low heat rejection, Thermal barrier coatings, Engine performance and Emission characteristics
Implementation of pid control to reduce wobbling in a line following roboteSAT Journals
Abstract A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control System provides for controlling the value of a variable, in this case the position of the robot, so that it is at or near a desired value, called the set-point, in this case on the centre of the line. In contrast to other control systems this provides for the smoothest type of control with minor deviations and overshooting if implemented correctly. This paper discusses, the concept, design and implementation of a line following robot that uses the PID control algorithm to govern its motion. The control algorithm is implemented in real time by a pre-programmed microcontroller. Keywords: PID, Robot, Sensor, Microcontroller and AI
Analysis of image steganalysis techniques to defend against statistical attac...eSAT Journals
Abstract Steganography is the art concealing information to transmit it in such a way that nobody but the intended receiver knows the existence of the message. Steganalysis techniques work on eliminating suspicion about the existence of a message. If suspicion is raised, then the message cannot be passed covertly. One of the ways to detect the hidden message is to view the statistical properties of the image or medium in which the message is hidden. This is called a statistical attack. In this paper, we explain the nature of such attacks and present our conclusions based on reviews of existing methods of defense against statistical attacks. Keywords– Steganalysis, Steganography, statistical attacks, JPEG images, OutGuess
Although of the semantic web technologies utilization in the learning development field is a new research area, some authors have already proposed their idea of how an effective that operate. Specifically, from analysis of the literature in the field, we have identified three different types of existing applications that actually employ these technologies to support learning. These applications aim at: Enhancing the learning objects reusability by linking them to an ontological description of the domain, or, more generally, describe relevant dimension of the learning process in an ontology, then; providing a comprehensive authoring system to retrieve and organize web material into a learning course, and constructing advanced strategies to present annotated resources to the user, in the form of browsing facilities, narrative generation and final rendering of a course. On difference with the approaches cited above, here we propose an approach that is modeled on narrative studies and on their transposition in the digital world. In the rest of the paper, we present the theoretical basis that inspires this approach, and show some examples that are guiding our implementation and testing of these ideas within e-learning. By emerging the idea of the ontologies are recognized as the most important component in achieving semantic interoperability of e-learning resources. The benefits of their use have already been recognized in the learning technology community. In order to better define different aspects of ontology applications in e-learning, researchers have given several classifications of ontologies. We refer to a general one given in that differentiates between three dimensions ontologies can describe: content, context, and structure. Most of the present research has been dedicated to the first group of ontologies. A well-known example of such an ontology is based on the ACM Computer Classification System (ACM CCS) and defined by Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS). It’s used in the MOODLE to classify learning objects with a goal to improve searching. The chapter will cover the terms of the semantic web and e-learning systems design and management in e-learning (MOODLE) and some of studies depend on e-learning and semantic web, thus the tools will be used in this paper, and lastly we shall discuss the expected contribution. The special attention will be putted on the above topics.
Semantically Enchanced Personalised Adaptive E-Learning for General and Dysle...Eswar Publications
E-learning plays an important role in providing required and well formed knowledge to a learner. The medium of e- learning has achieved advancement in various fields such as adaptive e-learning systems. The need for enhancing e-learning semantically can enhance the retrieval and adaptability of the learning curriculum. This paper provides a semantically enhanced module based e-learning for computer science programme on a learnercentric perspective. The learners are categorized based on their proficiency for providing personalized learning environment for users. Learning disorders on the platform of e-learning still require lots of research. Therefore, this paper also provides a personalized assessment theoretical model for alphabet learning with learning objects for
children’s who face dyslexia.
An efficient educational data mining approach to support e-learningVenu Madhav
The e-learning is a recent development that has
emerged in the educational system due to the growth of the
information technology. The common challenges involved
in The e-learning platform include the collection and
annotation of the learning materials, organization of the
knowledge in a useful way, the retrieval and discovery of
the useful learning materials from the knowledge space in a
more significant way, and the delivery of the adaptive and
personalized learning materials. In order to handle these
challenges, the proposed system is developed using five
different steps of knowledge input such as the annotation of
the learning materials, creation of knowledge space,
indexing of learning materials using the multi-dimensional
knowledge and XML structure to generate a knowledge
grid and the retrieval of learning materials performed by
matching the user query with the indexed database and
ontology. The process is carried out in two modules such as
the server module and client module. The proposed
approach is evaluated using various parameters such as the
precision, recall and F-measure. Comprehensive results are
achieved by varying the keywords, number of documents
and the K-size. The proposed approach has yielded
excellent results by obtaining the higher evaluation metric,
together with an average precision of 0.81, average
Solving The Problem of Adaptive E-Learning By Using Social NetworksEswar Publications
This paper propose an enhanced E-Learning Social Network Exploiting Approach focused around chart model and clustering algorithm, which can consequently gathering dispersed e-learners with comparative premiums and make fitting suggestions, which can at last upgrade the collective learning among comparable e-learners. Through closeness
revelation, trust weights overhaul and potential companions change, the algorithm actualized a programmed adjusted trust association with progressively upgraded fulfillments.
Collaborative Learning of Organisational KnolwedgeWaqas Tariq
This paper presents recent research into methods used in Australian Indigenous Knowledge sharing and looks at how these can support the creation of suitable collaborative envi- ronments for timely organisational learning. The protocols and practices as used today and in the past by Indigenous communities are presented and discussed in relation to their relevance to a personalised system of knowledge sharing in modern organisational cultures. This research focuses on user models, knowledge acquisition and integration of data for constructivist learning in a networked repository of or- ganisational knowledge. The data collected in the repository is searched to provide collections of up-to-date and relevant material for training in a work environment. The aim is to improve knowledge collection and sharing in a team envi- ronment. This knowledge can then be collated into a story or workflow that represents the present knowledge in the organisation.
CS0: A Project Based, Active Learning Coursedrboon
The recruitment and retention of students in early computer programming classes has been the focus of many Computer Science and Informatics programs. This paper describes an initiative underway at Indiana University South Bend to improve the retention rate in computer science and informatics. The approach described in this work is inspired by the SCALE-UP project, and describes the design and implementation of an instructor-guided, active learning environment which allows students to gradually acquire the necessary critical thinking, problem solving, and programming skills required for success in computer science and informatics.
This project describes simulators, which are programming tools that make available for constructing complier. This project consists of a set of educational software simulators built to improve teaching with quality and provide tools for the remote teaching project to assess the knowledge of the students through test and assignments, to develop a laboratory environment for the students. We have being introduced a simulator especially designed for compiler construction. Starting from token generation to intermediate code generation provides a user interface with the simulator. The objective of this research is to develop simulator that gives more flexibility for users by providing a friendly user interface, large set of operations, and knowledge base of these machines. This is the foundation for an integrated teaching environment on the Web. The motivation for this work was the lack of educational software for teaching theoretical computations, and also the importance of generating qualified human resources to work. This work is meant to help students, through simulated programs, to understand the computational formality studies in advanced simulators, which makes available formalisms such as token generation, syntax tree, code optimization, intermediate code generation. The objectives of these simulators are the development of a laboratory Environment for the students. Here students can develop programs in different machines, run programs step by step for learning and correction, solve exercises, and provide assistance for teachers in the working out and correction of exams. Due to the good quality of the works presented, it was decided to develop a project to make instructional packages available in a local environment. The final result of this project is to provide general knowledge about compiler design.
The e-learning contained many educational resources are generally used in learning systems like Moodle, It’s free open source software packages designed and flexible platform to create Learning Objects (LOs) and users’ accounts. The author demonstrates how to use semantic web technologies to improve online learning environments and bridge the gap between learners and LOs. The ontological construction presented here helps formalize LOs context as a complex interplay of different learning-related elements and shows how we can use semantic annotation to interrelate diverse between learner and LOs. On top of this construction, the author implemented several feedback channels for educators to improve the delivery of future Web-based learning. The particular aim of this paper was to provide a solution based in the Moodle Platform. The main idea behind the approach presented here is that ontology which can not only be useful as a learning instrument but it can also be employed to assess students’ skills. For it, each student is prompted to express his/her beliefs by building own discipline-related ontology through an application displayed in the interface of Moodle. This paper presents the ontology for an e-Learning System, which arranges metadata, and defines the relationships of metadata, which are about learning objects; belong to academic courses and user profiles. This ontology has been incorporated as a critical part of the proposed architecture. By this ontology, effective retrieval of learning content, customizing Learning Management System (LMS) is expected. Metadata used in this paper are based on current metadata standards. This ontology specified in human and machine-readable formats. In implementing it, several APIs were defined to manage the ontology. They were introduced into a typical LMS such as Moodle. Proposed ontology maps user preferences with learning content to satisfy learner requirements. These learning objects are presented to the learner based on ontological relationships. Hence it increases the usability and customizes the LMS. In conclusion, ontologies have a range of potential benefits and applications in further and higher education, including the sharing of information across e-learning systems, providing frameworks for learning object reuse, and enabling information between learner and system parts.
Similar to An effective method for semi automatic construction of domain module from electronic textbook (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
An effective method for semi automatic construction of domain module from electronic textbook
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AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR SEMI-AUTOMATIC CONSTRUCTION
OF DOMAIN MODULE FROM ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK
Sowjanya Lakshmi Pamba1
, Seetha Maddala2
1
PG Scholar, Department of Computer Science Engineering, G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science,
Telangana, India
2
Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science,
Telangana, India
Abstract
Information and Communication Technologies impact on academic institutions, lead to a growing need for effective creation and
management of digital content. Technology Supported Learning (TSL) systems have proved to be beneficent in numerous learning
circumstances. TSLSs need, regardless of the technology or the paradigm, an appropriate domain module. The domain module is
described as the pedagogical representation of the domain to be learnt and is considered as key of any TSLSs as it presents the
information about a subject matter to be conveyed to the beginner. The domain module authoring techniques are cost and labor
exhaustive. The development cost can be reduced by benefiting from semi-automatic domain module authoring approaches and
promoting reuse of knowledge. The proposed system uses heuristic reasoning, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques,
and ontologies for the semi-automatic generation of the domain module from electronic textbooks. The Domain Module encrypts
knowledge at two distinct levels: Learning Domain Ontology (LDO) which recognizes domain topics and pedagogical
relationships between them and Learning Objects (LO) where didactic resources used during the process of learning are
recognized and gathered. An electronic textbook has been evaluated to test how it would help in domain module authoring
process; the automatically generated knowledge has been contrasted against the domain module developed manually by the
instructional designers. The automatically gathered knowledge reduces the time complexity and is domain independent, relies
entirely on the electronic textbook provided.
Keywords: Ontology Design, Knowledge Acquisition, Pedagogical Representation, Domain Engineering.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Advancement in technologically developed societies in the
last few years has greatly increased the influence of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). On-
line applications have become important; they are
continuously used for communication, consulting bank
accounts, and so on. This revolution has also affected
education, providing means that enhance both teaching and
learning. Electronic textbooks are major components of
technology-based education reform. Research conducted for
years have facilitated the development of different kinds of
TSLSs such as Learning Management Systems (LMSs),
Collaborative Learning Systems, Intelligent Tutoring
Systems (ITS), or Adaptive and Intelligent Web-based
Educational Systems. LMSs such as Moodle or Blackboard
are currently being used at many academic institutions and
are becoming necessary for education [1]. Furthermore, a
good relationship has been noticed between student
involvement and use of Web-based learning technology and
also attractive studying results has been recorded [2]. ITSs
have also proved to improve the achievements of students.
In order to aid learning, TSLSs need, regardless of the
technology or the paradigm, an appropriate domain module.
The domain module is described as the pedagogical
representation of the domain to be learnt. The domain
module is considered as key of any TSLSs as it presents the
information about a subject content to be broadcasted to the
beginner [3].
Domain module permits either the scholar to learn by their
own, in the case of exploratory learning systems or guide
themselves through the process of learning in instructivist
TSL. For example, an ITS relies on the domain module to
determine the tutorial communication content, the selection
of examples, questions and statements, and to assess the
students performance. However, building TSLSs, especially
their domain modules, is expensive and labor intense.
Automatic or semi-automatic construction of the domain
module for TSLSs has been rarely addressed. Anderson
(1988) estimated that in his experience developing ITSs
50% of the effort went on the domain module development.
Chen et al. [4] presented a system for automatically building
ITSs from machine readable representations of textbooks,
and [5] proposed an environment to build ITSs from
spreadsheets. The earlier one requires the instructional
designers to transcribe the textbook to a formal
representation that can be processed, whereas the latter is
limited to the mathematics domain. There have been many
attempts to (semi)-automatically gather domain ontologies
from wide sources (e.g., machine readable dictionaries,
corpora, etc.). TEXCOMON [6] gathers domain ontology
from a set of text-based LOs with the aim of enhancing them
with more knowledge. The authors report several
experiments where the achieved recalls vary from 86.65 to
90.84 percent for classes, 75.28 to 84.33 percent for
taxonomic relationships, and 80.08 to 93.12 percent for
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conceptual relationships. TEXCOMON was also tested
against TEXT-TO-ONTO [7], which obtained 73.06 percent
success rates for classes, 47.53 percent for hierarchical
relationships, and for conceptual relationships 0.31 to 53.03
percent. To develop ontologies for tourism and economy
OntoLearn [8] has been used. The system uses online
corpora, documents, and glossaries as the source for the
ontology learning process, and has generated a 79.3 percent
recall of the relationships for the tourism ontology and 45.5
percent for economy. The terminology recall was 55
percent. Mikel Larranaga et al proposed an ErauzOnt [9]
framework which is used to produce efficient new learning
objects for electronic documents.
Domain module construction is a complex task which
requires not only selecting the domain topics to be mastered,
but also mentioning the pedagogical relationships within the
topics that conclude how to schedule training sessions.
Authors of textbook overcome with identical complications
while scripting their documents, which are formatted to ease
comprehension and learning. Electronic textbooks might be
used as the origin to construct the domain module,
reproducing how normal tutors behave while planning their
subjects: they select reference books set that cater the
important didactic resources (DRs) like definitions,
examples and exercises for the subject, and turn to them for
organizing their lectures. The authors of the textbook have
to structure the document in a means that helps learning, and
provide relevant resources for learning. Therefore, these
kinds of documents can be used to build the domain module.
The proposed system describes semi-automatic generation
of the domain module from electronic textbooks using
ontologies, NLP, heuristic reasoning. Domain module
encrypts knowledge at two different levels, LDO and set of
LOs. Gathering the domain knowledge of a TSLS from
already existing documents might considerably reduce its
development cost. The proposed system is not focused at
constructing extensive domain ontology, but provides aids
to construct didactic ontology. The system proposed is
independent on domain, and focus entirely on the electronic
textbook provided.
The next sections of the paper are classified as follows.
Section 2 explains the process of Domain Module
generation, which entails three main tasks: formulating the
document for extraction of knowledge (Section 3), ontology
construction that describes the domain to be learned
(Section 4) and the LOs generation (Section 5). Section 6
represents the experimental analysis of the results. Finally,
conclusions and also future work are mentioned.
2. CONSTRUCTION OF DOMAIN MODULE
The semi-automatic generation of domain module uses
heuristic reasoning, NLP techniques and artificial
intelligence methods. Here, the domain module encrypts
knowledge at two distinct levels, the LDO and the LOs set.
The following steps are performed to develop the domain
module (see Fig -1):
Textbook preprocessing. Firstly, the document should
be formulated for the subsequent knowledge gaining
processes. This phase is explained in Section 3, and
the results are then used to gather the two levels of
knowledge encrypted in the domain module.
LDO gathering. At this stage, the domain topics to be
learned, also the pedagogical relationships within
them are recognized and represented in the LDO. The
acquisition of the LDO is described in Section 4.
LOs gathering. In LO—definitions, examples,
exercise, etc.—to be used during the process of
learning are recognized and generated. LO’s
gathering is described in Section 5.
Fig-1: Domain module Building Process
In this semi-automatic method, the outcomes of the LDO
and the LOs accumulation can be managed by instructional
designers and teachers both collaboratively and individually
using Elkar-DOM [10], a concept-map-based tool for the
management of the domain module authoring process.
Teachers might, this way, revise the resulting domain
module to their needs or teaching preferences.
3. TEXTBOOK PREPROCESSING
During this stage, system formulates the electronic
document and gathers an organized representation of it, to
perform the process of knowledge acquisition later. As
electronic documents are accessible in various formats, like
rtf, odf or html and text, preprocess is performed initially to
prepare the document. The electronic documents content is
standardized using a hierarchical structure; documents
enclose chapters, which are consecutively divided into
sections, and so on. For a document tree-like internal
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representation is constructed, so that other process can be
performed with no reliance on the format of the initial
document. The gathered internal representations for the
index i.e., outline and the whole document body is then
analyzed linguistically to improve them with the parts of
speech information.
4. GATHERING OF LDO
The ontology learning is described as gathering domain
ontologies from various means in an automatic or semi-
automatic way has been discussed in various works [11].
Much of these programs intent is at constructing or
extending domain ontology or populating lexical ontologies
like Wordnet[12]. Ontology learning mainly combines NLP
techniques and machine learning to build domain ontologies
or to reinforce and populate little base ontologies. Various
resources like text corpora, machine readable dictionaries,
lexical ontologies or document ware houses are usually used
as information sources of for ontology learning.
In this method, the LDO consists of the vital topics of
domain and the pedagogical relationships among them.
Pedagogical relationships may be structural-isA and partOf
or sequential-prerequisite and next. The
relationship states that the X topic is a specific kind of topic
Y. The states that X topic is part of Y topic, i.e. X
is a topic to learn to completely master Y. The
relationship expresses that a X topic must be mastered
before trying to learn Y topic, while states that it is
urged to learn Y topic straight after mastering X topic.
Acquisition of LDO is composed of two main heuristic-
reasoning based steps and NLP: outline analysis that results
in a LDO initial version and the analysis of document body,
that improves the ontology with new topics of domain and
relationships.
4.1 Outline Analysis
Outlines of the document are the primary information
sources for LDO acquisition in a semi-automatic way
because they are generally well structured and enclose the
important domain topics. Analysis of outline is composed of
two main stages:
Basic Analysis: The main topics of domain and the
relationships between these domain topics are recognized
during this phase from the internal representation of the
outline. Here, every outline item is treated as a topic of
domain. Besides, document outline structure is used as an
aid to assemble pedagogical relationships. A subitem of
outline topic is used to describe part of it or a specific case.
As a result, structural relationships are defined among each
outline item and all subitems. Moreover, the outline items
order mirrors the recommended sequence for mastering the
topics of domain. Hence, an initial sequential relationships
set is identified from the outline items order.
Heuristic Analysis: The basic analysis results are filtered
based on a heuristics set that two together classify the
relationships recognized in the earlier step and also mine
new relationships, primarily prerequisite relationships. The
recognized relationships are specified with the implicit
kinds, heuristic applied, and confidence on the inferred text.
The analysis of heuristics is performed in two phases:
firstly, the heuristics for recognizing structural relationships
are applied to evoke isA and partOf relationships. Lastly, the
heuristics for sequential relationships are applied to
recognize prerequisite and next and relationships. The
analysis of heuristics works on the presumption that each
item of outline reflects a distinct domain topic. Although,
there are some frequent items like “introduction”,
“summary”, or “conclusions” that can be found more than
once in the outline. To resolve these issues, a graphical tool
was built to allow the authors of domain module to alter the
index so that it adapts to the presumptions of the heuristic
study.
To perform this analysis a heuristics set should be defined.
A few heuristics are language dependent, since they rely on
linguistic structures that would differ based on the language
they are stated for. This analysis has been enforced on
records in the Basque language. The heuristics set was
recognized at the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU)
on a 150 outline sets of different subjects. Their
investigation permitted the recognization of set of heuristics
and their level of confidence [13].
4.1.1 Structural Relationships Identification
The heuristics for determining structural relationships
permits in recognizing the kind of relationship among an
item of outline and its subitems. The analysis of heuristics
runs under the presumption that single type of structural
relationship can occur within an item of outline and all its
subitems. The analysis work show the most frequent
structural relation is the partOf relationship. Therefore, the
structural relationships are classified as partOf by default.
Moreover, some homogeneous structures were noticed in
the recognized isA relationships. These heuristics examine if
a particular subitem meets a condition. The condition might
also contain the general item. Individual heuristics, i.e.,
heuristics that inspect whether a specific sub item meets a
rule, were defined for recognizing structural relationships in
items of outline with heterogeneous subitems.
Individual Structural Heuristics: These heuristics
examine if an particular subitem meets a condition. The
condition might also contain the general item. The
experimental analysis demonstrated that distinct heuristics
of this type can prompt together in the identical subitems
group. Table-1 shows some fragments of outline in which
the heuristics for recognizing the isA relationships can be
employed.
1. Multiword heuristic (MWH). Multiword terms
incorporate information to ascertain the isA relation.
The Genus et differentiam is the most typical ways to
state new topics, and this motif has been used to
collect taxonomic relationships within topics from
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thesauri, dictionaries or other information sources.
This motif can be seen in several ways:
noun+adjective, noun+noun phrase, and so on. If the
noun that present in these motifs is alike as the
outline item, the more plausible relationship is isA. If
the noun that present in these motifs (algorithm) is
the same as the outline item (algorithms), the isA
relationship is more likely.
2. Entity Name heuristic (ENH). The names of entity
are used to recognize examples of a specific entity.
When the subitems contain names of entity, the
relation among the item and the subitems can be
deliberated as the isA relationship. In Table-1, Red-
black Trees conforms to an entity name, which is a
specific instance of Balanced Trees.
3. Acronyms heuristic (AH). The acronyms are used by
the authors to refer to domain topics which have long
and repeatedly used names. When the subitems
consist of only acronyms, the more likely structural
relation is isA relation. In Table-1, the Pushdown
Stack ADT acronym represents the names of the
some Abstract Data Types. Therefore, among the
item and its subitems there is an predefined isA
relation.
4. Head of the phrase+multiword heuristic
(He+MWH). This heuristic inspect if an outline
subitem arise into a multiword term from the ouline
items head of the phrase. Table-1 shows an example,
as Priority-queue is used to refer to Priority Queues
and Heap Sort in a particular situation, and therefore
the isA relationship can be specified.
5. Possessive Genitive heuristic for indentifying
structural relations (PGH1). Possessive Genitives (in
English-of Preposition) enclose references to other
text. They are used to express just the content parts,
so the analysis of an underlying partOf relation
between the item of outline and its subitems is
assisted by this heuristic.
Table-1: Outline Fragments in Which the Heuristics for the
isA and partOf Relationships Can Be Applied
Heuristics Examples
Multiword(MWH) 2. Principles of Algorithm
Analysis
2.2 Analysis of Algorithms
Entity(ENH) 13. Balanced Trees
13.3 Top down 234 Trees
13.4 Red-black Trees
Acronyms(AH) 4. Abstract Data Type
4.1 Pushdown Stack ADT
Head of the
phrase+Multiword
(He+MWH)
9. Priority Queues and Heap sort
9.5. Priority-Queue ADT
Possessive
genitive(PGH1)
2. Principles of Algorithm
Analysis
2.2. Analysis of Algorithms
2.3. Growth of Functions
2.6. Examples of Algorithm
Analysis
4.1.2 Sequential Relationships Identification
Sequential relationships are of two kinds. The relationship
next states that a subject matter should be mastered just after
other one, appears among items at the identical level, i.e.,
subitems of the same general item. A prerequisite relation
among two topics of domain states that a domain topic
should be mastered before attempting to master the other
topic. The prerequisite relationships can be seen between
any outline items. Therefore, any sequential relation is
labeled as next by default. All the heuristics for sequential
relationships see if a specific outline item and before one
meet a rule to identify a sequential relationship. The below
heuristics are used to recognize prerequisite relationships:
1. Reference heuristic (RH). This heuristic recognizes a
prerequisite relationship when an item of outline
refers to a previous topic, not essentially at the
identical level (refer Table-2).
2. Possessive genitives heuristic for sequential relations
(PGH2). Possessive genitives among items of outline
at the same level of nesting can be used to recognize
prerequisite relationships (refer Table-2).
Table-2: Outline Fragments in Which the Heuristics for the
prerequisite Relationships Can Be Applied
Heuristics Examples
Reference(RH) 1.1. Algorithms
1.3. Union-find algorithms
2. 2. Principles of
algorithm analysis
Possessive
genetives(PGH2)
1.5. Summary of topics
2. Principles of algorithm analysis
2.2. Analysis of Algorithms
2.3. Growth of Functions
2.6. Examples of Algorithm
Analysis
4.2 Analysis of Document Body
During this phase, the LDO is complimented with new
topics and relationships collected from the body of whole
document. To accomplish this goal, two processes are
performed: firstly, new topics are recognized and lastly new
pedagogical relationships within topics are recognized.
The process aims at enhancing the LDO accumulated in the
earlier step with new domain topics. To obtain such new
topics, the document body is examined. Approach use a set
of patterns to get the candidate terms set and then, applies
some term hood measures to rank the candidate terms set
and refine those that are much relevant. In this stage, term
extraction is carried out using Erauzterm[14], which finds
for the most common noun-phrase structures, to collect new
domain topics.
A pattern based approach is used for the identification of
new pedagogical relationships from the electronic
document. These patterns identify pedagogical relationships
among domain topics based on the syntactic structures seen
in the sentences where topics appear. Therefore, the internal
representation of document is annotated first to label some
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domain topic appearance. The semantics for recognizing
pedagogical relationships entails rules for recognizing
structural relationships isA and partOf.
5. GATHERING OF LOs
The LOs generation for the domain topics is attained by
recognizing and collecting DRs, especially consistent
document fragments related to more than one topic with a
specific educational reason. The mining and extraction of
these pieces is performed in an ontology-driven process. At
this stage the LOs like definitions, exercises, examples, and
etc. to be used during the process of learning are recognized
and collected .The process is performed by ErauzOnt [9].
Fig-2 describes the process for gathering the LOs from the
electronic document, which involves the following tasks:
DRs generation from the document, DRs annotation to
become LOs, and, lastly, storing the LOs in a Learning
Objects Repository (LOR) for future use. To construct the
LOs from the assembled DRs, LDO and ALOCOM
ontology [15] are used, and, lastly, the LOs are preserved in
the LOR to ease their reuse.
The LO generation aims to be domain-independent. The
DRs identification is performed by identifying relevant
fragments of text that correspond to definitions like theories,
facts, problem statements and principle statements for the
LDO topics. Firstly, the LDO topics appearances are labeled
in the internal representation of document with the part-of-
speech data. Secondly, the DR grammar is used to find
fragments of text that might involve appropriate resources.
The DR grammar contains a set of rules that describe the
different syntactic structures or patterns. These motifs are
the most usual syntactic structures seen in several topic
definitions. To figure out the confidence on those rules, the
precision of the grammar rules is used. The DRs identified
consists of the sentence that triggered the rule for the
resembling DR and each and every sentence that follow
which refers to the identical topic. Every DR is marked with
the referred domain topics and with the DR rules that
recognized it. The LO annotation process uses this
information later. The searched text fragments are restricted
to domain topics described in the LDO. The gathered DRs
are aimed at being coherent[16] and cohesioned. NLP
techniques that combine a DR grammar and discourse
markers are used, together with a didactic ontology, i.e. an
ontology that describes the different kinds of DRs than can
be used in learning sessions, to achieve this goal.
Once the DRs contained in the textbook have been identified
and gathered, LOs are built from them. After this, the
metadata for each LO is generated to assure that the LOs can
be found and retrieved from the LOR they are stored in. The
LDO and the ALOCOM ontology are used to ensure LO
reusability.
Finally, the LOs generated are stored in the LOR so that
they can be reused either for the Domain module being
developed or any future TSLS.
Fig-2: Generation of LOs from documents
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The system presented throughout this paper, has been tested,
with the intention of validating it, with a textbook provided
by the www.ics.uci.edu. The textbook used, Algorithms in
Java: Parts 1-4, Third Edition by Robert Sedgewick, is
related to computer programming subject. The main goal of
this experiment was to evaluate how the proposed system
helps the teachers to build the Domain Module by
measuring the knowledge, either in the LDO or the LOs,
automatically gathered from the textbook. For the
experiment, only text-based LOs were considered, so an
adapted version of the electronic textbook in which the
images were removed was used. The analyzed textbook has
768 pages. The outline of the document has 16 main items
with internal subitems individually. All documents are in
html format.
To evaluate the process of generation of the Domain
Module, a reference LDO and LO’s set were needed to
compare the obtained results. Therefore, instructional
designers collaborated to manually develop the LDO and
LO’s for the domain topics. The generation of the LDO is
evaluated based on the amount of automatically gathered
knowledge, i.e., domain topics and pedagogical
relationships and the correctness of the proposed topics and
relationships. The details of this evaluation are presented in
Section 6.1. The evaluation of the LO generation considered
the adequacy of the identified LO’s (Section 6.2).
6.1 Evaluation of the Gathered LDO
The LDO Builder is the subsystem responsible for eliciting
the LDO from electronic textbooks. It gathers the contents
of the LDO from both the outline and the whole textbook.
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Nevertheless, at the time this evaluation was conducted, the
LDO only supported the analysis of the outlines of
documents and, therefore, only that feature was tested.
Table-3: Summary of the LDO Relationships in the
Analyzed Outlines
Structural
Relationships
Sequential
Relationships
Total
isA partOf next prerequisite
Real 60 19 272 124 475
Found 41 19 282 118 460
Correct 29 19 245 115 408
The acquisition of the LDO from the document outlines
works under the assumption that every outline item
represents a unique domain topic and relies on the use of
heuristics for the identification of pedagogical relationships.
The automatically gathered pedagogical relationships were
evaluated by comparing them to the pedagogical
relationships defined in the LDOs collaboratively developed
by instructional designers. In order to simplify the
evaluation, the instructional designers were requested to use
only the domain topics referred in the outlines for building
their agreed LDOs. The pedagogical relationships were,
therefore, restricted to relationships among those topics.
Table-3 summarizes the information about the acquisition of
the pedagogical relationships from the textbook outlines.
The LDOs built from the analyzed outlines contained 475
pedagogical relationships (19 partOf, 60 isA, 272 next, and
124 prerequisite). The LDO Builder correctly identified 408
of the 460 found pedagogical relationships (19 of 19 partOf,
29 of 41 isA, 245 of 282 next, and 115 of 118 prerequisite).
Table-4 presents the statistics on the generation of the LDOs
from the analyzed outlines, including the recall, the
precision and the f-measure. Precision is defined as the ratio
of retrieved occurrence that are relevant, while recall is
defined as the ratio of relevant occurrence that are retrieved
and harmonic mean of the precision and recall is expressed
as f-measure. The LDO Builder achieved an overall recall of
85.89%, and 88.7% precision, hence, the f-measure was
87.27%. As can be observed, the results are quite similar for
partOf relationships, while they are a little lower for isA
relationships, which require deeper domain knowledge in
order to be identified. However, the lowest values are
48.33% for recall and 70.73% for precision.
As can be observed in Chart-1, the overall recall and
precision are quite similar for all the relationships, but
significant variation was found in isA relationships. The
LDO ontologies used as reference for the evaluation were
limited to the topic in the outlines. Nevertheless, the
remarkable precision achieved proved that the results are
accurate and opportune means for acquisition of LDO from
electronic textbooks.
Table-4: Statistics of the Automatic Acquisition of the LDO
Relationships from the Outlines
Structural
Relationships
Sequential
Relationships
Total
isA part of next Prerequisite
Precision 70.73 100 86.88 97.46 88.7
Recall 48.33 100 90.07 100 85.89
FMeasure 57.42 100 88.22 98.71 87.27
Chart-1: Statistics of the acquisition of LDO
6.2 Evaluation of LO
LO generation is an ontology-driven process, where it
identifies the fragments of the textbook with educational
purpose related to domain topics. Build LOs from the
identified didactic resources and store the LOs in the
Learning Object Repository. LO acquisition is more difficult
to assess, as a LO might be the most appropriate in a
particular context, while one of its components or a more
complex LO (a composite LO that contains it) might fit
better in other situations. The gathered LOs from electronic
textbooks, was tested with the aim of validating its
performance.
The outline of the textbook used for evaluation was divided
into four parts namely fundamentals, data structures, sorting
and searching. A search was conducted for every input
keyword, where it not only displays the documents matching
the input but also displays the documents containing the
input. The input keyword checks against the identified
pedagogical relationships and retrieves those documents
where input matches with the pedagogical relationships.
Here, first priority is given to the outline of the textbook
then to the document content.
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Table-5: Summary of the LDO Relationships Matching the
Input Keyword
Algorit
hm
Sort DataS
tructu
re
Search Tree Total
Relati
ons
8970 8970 8970 8970 897
0
4485
0
Relati
ons
Found
298 298 298 298 298 1490
Relati
ons
Match
288 221 96 147 128 914
The above table-5 shows the total relationships,
relationships found and matching relationships for different
keywords which are given has input. The keyword algorithm
has the highest number of matching LDO relationships
whereas for data structures it is lowest.
Accuracy is calculated for the each input keyword. Table-6
shows the accuracy results. The keyword algorithm has the
maximum accuracy. Chart-2 shows the graph representing
statistics of the LDO relationships matching the input
keyword.
Table-6: Statistics of the LDO Relationships Matching the
Input Keyword
Algorith
m
Sort Data
Struc
ture
Search Tree Total
Total
Heur
istics
3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32
Matc
hed
Heur
istics
3.21 2.46 1.07 1.64 1.43 2.04
Chart-2: Statistics of the LDO Relationships Matching the
Input Keyword
7. CONCLUSION
This paper has presented a system for the semi-automatic
construction of the domain module from electronic
textbooks. The system employs heuristic reasoning, NLP
techniques, and ontologies for the knowledge procurement
processes. The domain module is constructed from
electronic textbook which is provided in distinct forms of
document so that time complexity can be minimized as there
is no requirement of domain specific knowledge and hence
it is independent. The domain module entails the LDO and
LO’s. LDO incorporates main domain topics and
pedagogical relationships within the topics and the LO’s
used to facilitate learning of individual domain topics. The
automatically generated domain module has limited recall
when compared with manually developed domain module.
LDO acquisition resulted in an improved precision of
88.7%. In LO’s, domain topics along with useful resources
based on pedagogical relationships have been retrieved. The
performance is more when compared to that of manual
results. The work can be extended further by the
improvement in the LDO generation. It is designed to
reinforce the semantics for recognizing pedagogical
relationships to increase the recall of the relationships.
Although the system is presently able to process images in
the electronic document by considering their location in the
text, but not where the image is referenced, and hence
useful. Thus, the treatment of images must be enhanced. It is
being reinforced to support multilingual generation of
domain module.
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BIOGRAPHIES
P.Sowjanya Lakshmi is pursuing her
M.Tech in Computer Science
Engineering (CSE) from
G.Narayanamma Institute of Technology
and Science, Hyderabad, and completed
her B.Tech in Information Technology
(IT) from the same college in the year
2013. Areas of research include data
mining.
Dr. M.Seetha had completed Ph.D in
Computer Science and Engineering in the
area of image processing in December
2007 from Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Hyderabad,
India. She is presently working as
Professor in Department of CSE in
GNITS, Hyderabad and has the teaching experience of 20
years. She is guiding 10 Ph.D scholars and her research
interest includes image processing, neural networks,
computer networks and data mining. She had published
more than 70 papers in refereed journals and in the
proceedings of National/International Conferences and
Symposiums.