For UG students of all Universities

2. Amino acid and Proteins:
Its application
A
Seminar
on
Dr.Nilesh R Thakare
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE
AMRAVATI

3. Index
 Introduction of amino acid
 Methods of preparation.
 Zwitterion: Dipolar nature of amino acid.
 Peptide linkage
 Proteins
 Application of amino acid in various field.
 Role in Environment
 References

4. Amino acids
INTRODUCTION
Amino acids are the building blocks of the molecular
structure of the important and very complex class of
compounds known as proteins.
These are the compounds that contain at least one
carboxyl group(-COOH) and one amino group(-NH2).
Their general formula is

5. Classification
Neutral amino acid
 e.g. Glycine
Acidic amino acid
 e.g. Aspartic acid
Basic amino acid
 e.g. Lycine

7. Methods of Synthesis
From Acetic Acid :
Strecker Synthesis :
CH3
CHO HCN
H-NH2
CH3
-CH-OH
CN
CH3
-CH-NH2
H2
O
CN
CH3
-CH-NH2
CN
Alanine
H2 O
+
CH3
COOH
Cl2
/P
H-Cl Cl-CH2
COOH NH4
Cl
H2
N-CH2
COONH4
H+/H2
O
H2
N-CH2
COOH
Glycine
NH3
+

8. Koop Synthesis :
Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis :
CH3
-CO-COOH
NH3
H2
O
H2
/Pd
CH3
-C-COOH
NH
CH3
-CH-COOH
NH2
Keto Propionic acid
Amino propionic acid
C
C
NK Cl-CH2
COOC2
H5
-KCl C
C
N-CH2
COOC2
H5
H2
O
COOH
COOH
NH2
-CH2
COOH C2
H5
OH
O
O
O
O
H-Cl
+
+ +

9. Zwitterion: dipolar nature of amino
acid

10. Metabolism of -amino acid

11. APPLICATIONS OF AMINO ACIDS IN
VARIOUS FIELDS

12. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
 Active ingredients in a pharmaceutical drug is called
active pharmaceutical ingredients.
 Use in infusion solution
Use to furnish pharmacological activity
 e.g. Acetaminophen

13. Neutraceuticals
Use as dietary supplements
Provide protection against chronic disease
 e.g. All Q
(for food supplements fortfication)

14. Agriculture
Increase yield and over all quality of crop
Helps to improve microflora of the soil
 e.g. Amino acid powder

15. Industrial
l-Threonine
Balanced amino acid requirements of the animals.
Added to the diet of pigs and poultry
Optimize growth performance and decrease the
excretition of nitrogen

16. Cosmetics
Used for their unique moisturizing effect and pH level
Care with amino acid turns hair smooth and moist

17.  Amino acids products are eco-friendly.
 Their products are easily degradable.
 Amino acid-derived materials are
enhancing our life.
Role in environment

18. What are proteins?
Large molecules
Made up of chains of amino acids
Are found in every cell in the body
Are involved in most of the body’s functions and life
process
The sequence of amino acids is determined by DND.

19. Protein Deficiency:
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)
Protein is used for energy rather than
its other functions in the body.
More prevalent in infants and
children

20. Types of PEM: Kwashiorkor
Severe protein deficiency
 Generally result of a diet high in
grains and deficient in protein
Symptoms range from
 Edema in legs, feet, and stomach
 Muscle tone and strength diminish
 Hair is brittle and easy to pull out
 Appear pale, sad, and apathetic
 Prone to infection, rapid heart rate,
excess fluid in lungs, pneumonia,
septicemia, and water and
electrolyte imbalances.
Figure 6.16

21. Types of PEM: Marasmus
Results from a severe deficiency in
kilocalories
 Frail, emaciated appearance
 Weakened and appear apathetic
 Many cannot stand without
support
 Look old
 Hair is thin, dry, and lacks sheen
 Body temperature and blood
pressure are low
 Prone to dehydration, infections,
and unnecessary blood clotting
Figure 6.17

22. Types of PEM: Marasmic Kwashiorkor
Chronic deficiency in kilocalories
and protein
 Have edema in legs and arms
 Have a “skin and bones” appearance
 With treatment the edema subsides
and appearance becomes more like
someone with marasmus

23. Best Sources of Protein
Figure 6.14

24. References
Textbook of Organic Chemistry by :- S . Chand ,
Morrision Boyd
www.wikipedia.com
https://in .answers.yahoo.com