students and teachers

1. 1 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

2. Macro
Biomolecules
molecules
Amino acid
Polymer of
Amino acids
Small
Molecules
Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU 2

3. C
R
NH2
C = O
O-General
structure of amino acid:
carboxyl groups
Side chain group
Individual amino acids differ from each other with
respect to their side chain group
3
Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

4. Amino acids present in proteins are
α - amino acids
4 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

5. D- amino acid L- amino acid
All amino acids present in proteins are
L-α-amino acids
5 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

6. • About 300 amino acids occur in nature
• Subset of only 20 constitute the monomer
units of proteins
“Standard Amino acids”
?
6 Dr. ASHOKKUMAR. J.; Professor:
Dept. of Biochemistry.

7. Glycine Gly G
Alanine Ala A
Valine Val V
Leucine Leu L
Isoleucine Ile I
Serine Ser S
Threonine Thr T
Phenylalanine Phe F
Tyrosine Tyr Y
Tryptophan Trp W
Glutamate Glu E
Aspartate Asp D
Glutamine Gln Q
Aspargine Asn N
Arginine Arg R
Lysine Lys K
Histidine His H
Cysteine Cys C
Methionine Met M
Proline Pro P
7 Dr. ASHOKKUMAR. J.; Professor:
Dept. of Biochemistry.

8. Classification of Amino acids
1.Based on the structure
Mono amino Monocarboxylic amino acids
D8r. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
Branched chain amino acids
Simple amino acids

9. Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
PHENYLALANINE TYROSINE TRYPTOPHAN
9 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

10. Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Sulfur containing amino acids
METHIONINE CYSTEINE
10 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

11. Diamino dicarboxylic acids
11 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
Cystine
Cysteine

12. Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Hydroxyl group containing amino acids
SERINE THREONINE
12 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

13. Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Amino acid amides
ASPARAGINE GLUTAMINE
13 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

14. Monoamino dicarboxylic amino acids
Acidic amino acids
ASPARTATE GLUTAMATE
14 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

15. Basic amino acids
Diamino monocarboxylic amino acids
HISTIDINE LYSINE ARGININE
15 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

16. Based on the side chain
polarity
16 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

17. Based on Polarity
Nonpolar amino acids
Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine
Methionine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Proline
17 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

18. amino acids withpolar sidechain with no
charge on the side chain
Glycine
18 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

19. Polar amino acids
with – ve or + ve charge
19 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

20. Classification
Based on the nutritional
requirement
20 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

21. Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
21

22. Classification
Based on the
Metabolic fate
22 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

23. 23 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

24. 24 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

25. D- amino acids
• Actinomycin –D
• Valinomycine
• Gramicidin –S
• D –Glutamic acid & D- Alanine
of bacterial cell wall
25 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

26. Acid – Base Properties of amino acid
Low pH
High pH
26 Dr. ASHOKKUMAR. J.; Professor:
Dept. of Biochemistry.
amino acids act
both as acid and base
depending upon the
surrounding environment
Ampholytes

27. pH at which amino acids have equal number
of positive and negative charges is called
isoelectric pH [pI]
At isoelectric pH
-Minimum solubility
-Immobile in the electrical field
+ve charge – pH below the isoelectric pH
-ve charge – pH above the isoelectric pH
27 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU

28. Thank you
: Ref
28 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU