The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Revolution, including the Boston Tea Party, the Intolerable Acts, and the First Continental Congress. It discusses the underlying reasons for these events, such as taxation without representation and Britain's increased control over the colonies. It also provides context on related topics like the Quartering Act, Boston Massacre, and self-government in the colonies being inspired by the Glorious Revolution.
Eight pivotal moments that contributed to the fracture between Britain and its American Colonies and eventually lead to the Revolutionary War by Sean Crosby And Robert Mallett
Eight pivotal moments that contributed to the fracture between Britain and its American Colonies and eventually lead to the Revolutionary War by Sean Crosby And Robert Mallett
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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3. Underlying Reasons
The Tea Act of 1773
Implemented larger tax on Tea for colonists
Allowed the East India Trading company to import directly to the colonies for
the first time.
Only allowed tea to be imported by British merchants from England.
Taxation without representation
The colonists did not believe it was fair to be taxed by the British government.
Refusing and returning shipments back to Britain
Boston Governor refused to let the tea ship Dartmouth leave Boston
without paying the tea tax.
4. The Boston Tea Party
December 16 1773
Headed by the Sons of Liberty
Twenty or so men some dressed as Mohawk Indians
Dumped over 300 chests of tea into the harbor.
After Math of the Boston Tea Party
Other colonies followed suit in the tea dumping up and down the east coast.
Resulting in loss of income to the British government.
6. Underlying Reasons
The Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
Boston Port Act
Closed the port of Boston until repayment of losses to the East India Trading Company.
The Massachusetts Government Act
Return the control of the British government system.
The Justice Act
The ability for accused royal officials to be tried in a different colony than the one that the
crime was accused in.
Supposed to make the trial fair.
The Quartering Act
The ability of the Governor of a colony to house British troops in private homes as he saw
fit.
7. The First Continental Congress
September 5, 1774
12 out of 13 colonies attended
Discussed boycott of British trade until a peaceful solution could be attained.
Petitioned to the King of England their discrepancies.
Set a Second Continental Congress meeting in May of 1775 if their demands
were not met by the British government.
Outcome
The British Parliament did not address the concerns
King Richard condemned Massachusetts
The Continental Congress would meet again in 1775 to declare their
independence from Britain.
9. Boston Massacre
Event took place March 5, 1770
A squad of British Soldiers came to the aid of a lone sentry being heckled by a
growing crowd of patriots
The mob began throwing rocks, sticks, and snowballs at the soldiers which led
them to open fire into the mob
Three people were killed immediately and two died later of their wounds
The British officer in charge, Capt. Thomas Preston, was arrested for
manslaughter, along with eight of his men
All were later acquitted
10. Boston Massacre Aftermath
The Boston Massacre was powerful propaganda tool
Both sides painted starkly different stories in an attempt to sway public
opinion
Local resistance and threats lead to the withdrawal of troops from Boston
to Castle Island in Boston Harbor
The removal of troops from Boston and the repeal of all but one of the
contested import duties resulted in a lowering of tension in the years
following the incident
The withdrawal of the troops showed the impotency of the British forces
when faced with resistance
12. Underlying Reasons
Problem that needed to be solved:
During peacetime after French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War).
Lieutenant-General Gage, commander in chief of forces in British North America
Found it difficult to persuade colonial assemblies to pay for the quartering and
provisioning of British troops.
Requested parliament find a solution.
Parliament "went far beyond what Gage had requested," (Boundless, 838 of 8004).
Colonists had to pay for costs of troops, food and lodging.
13. Resistance to the Act
British subjects tended to mistrust presence of a standing army during
peacetime.
Widespread evasion and disregard for the law occurred in almost all the
colonies
Colonies disputed the legality of this act. Colonies claimed it violated Bill of
Rights of 1689.
No taxation without representation
No standing army without the consent of Parliament
Why now?
Before the French and Indian war there was no standing army; why was a
standing army needed after the French had been defeated?
14. Enforcement
1,500 British troops in New York City in 1766
New York Provincial Assembly refused to comply with the Quartering Act
Troops had to remain on their ships.
Skirmish occurred and one colonist was wounded.
Parliament suspended New York's Governor and Legislature.
But the Assembly agreed to contribute money toward quartering the troops.
15. Application today
Our Constitution's Third Amendment restricts the quartering of soldiers in
private homes without the owner's consent.
Forbids the practice during peacetime.
The Third Amendment was a direct response to the Quartering Acts.
17. The Glorious Revolution
Inspired Anglo-American Intellectuals within the colonies.
Encouraged the ideas of self-government
Self-government was established among some of the colonies such as
Plymouth colony.
18. Self-Government in the Colonies
Early colonists like Plymouth colony, were self-governing
The executive was not under control of the British crown.
The Mayflower Compact of Plymouth Colony was based on a majoritarian
model.
The signers sincerely believed that they had the right to govern themselves, being
separated from Britain by an ocean and having founded an entirely new society.
The idea of self-government was encouraged by the Glorious Revolution and
1689 Bill of Rights.
The British Parliament, not the King, had the ultimate authority in government.
Assemblies were elected by local colonists.
Make local laws that were consistent with the laws of England.
Governors were elected by the crown.
19. Crown and Parliament Over-Step
Parliament began to pass laws regulating American colonies:
Sugar Act - 6 pence tax per gallon of sugar or molasses imported into the colonies.
Restrictions and bans on products altogether.
Governors vs. Assemblies
Governors power could diminish as the colony gained more representative
government.
Representation could come in the form of an Executive Council to Legislative
Councils and Assemblies.
Assembly's sometimes shared power with the royally appointed governor.
"As the revolution drew near, colonial assemblies began forcibly ejecting their
governors from office."
20. Work Cited
Annear, S. (2017, November 14). You tea could be part of the Boston Tea
Party (reenactment). Retrieved from The Boston Globe:
https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2017/11/14/your-tea-could-part-
boston-tea-party-reenactment/cx1xV4HwvI0ES6Yp3P7PFM/story.html
Boundless. (2018, January 01). Boundless US History. Retrieved from
Lumen: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
ushistory/chapter/the-tea-party-and-the-coercive-acts-1770-1774/
The Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum. (2018, January 01). Boston Tea
Party Ship. Retrieved from Continental Congress:
https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/first-
continental-congress.jpg
21. Works Cited Continued
Courts. “The Boston Massacre.” Court System, 6 Dec. 2013,
www.mass.gov/courts/court-info/sjc/edu-res-center/jn-adams/the-boston-
massacre.html.
22. Work Cited Continued
Image used from https://bostonteapartydme.weebly.com/before-the-tea-
party.html
Boundless. (2018, January 01). Boundless US History. Retrieved from
Lumen: The Quartering Act of 1765 (838 of 8004).
Image used from Britannica Kids online:
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Glorious-Revolution/353186
Boundless. (2018, January 01). Boundless US History. Retrieved from
Lumen: Self-Government Through the 17th and 18th Centuries (501 of
8004).
