King George III began tightening control over the colonies after the costly French and Indian War, leading to new taxes like the Stamp Act that upset colonists. In response to the Boston Tea Party, the Intolerable Acts closed Boston harbor until taxes were paid. On April 19, 1775, the American Revolution began with shots fired at Lexington and Concord leading to the siege of Boston. In July 1776, after Common Sense made the case for independence, the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia, declaring America independent from Britain.

2. What began the revolution? King George III (from England) thought it was time to tighten his control on the colonies for several reasons: The Indians were still enemies of England and the British settlements. The French and Indian War had cost a lot of money. King George wanted the colonists to pay for the war through higher taxes.

3. Proclamation When: 1763 Who: King George III to the colonies What: Stated that the colonists could not move westward over the Appalachian Mountains. Why: ? Would these laws upset you?

4. The Sugar Act When: 1764 What: The Sugar Act Who: The English Parliament Why: To offset the war debt brought on by the French and Indian War To help pay for the expenses of running the colonies and newly acquired territories. This act increases the duties on imported sugar and other items such as textiles, coffee, wines and indigo (dye). It doubles the duties on foreign goods reshipped from England to the colonies and also forbids the import of foreign rum and French wines.

5. The Currency Act 1764 King George III to the colonies The Currency Act Prohibited the colonists from issuing any legal tender paper money. This act threatened to destabilize the entire colonial economy of both the industrial North and agricultural South, thus uniting the colonists against it.

6. No Taxation without Representation! October, 1765 Nine colonies sent people to a meeting in New York City to talk about the Stamp Act. The decision was made that the Parliament could not tax the American colonies since they had no representation in Parliament. The phrase stated by James Otis, a Boston lawyer, "No taxation without representation" was heard throughout the colonies. The men at this meeting sent a letter asking Britain to repeal the Stamp Act. The British would not listen. Instead they placed new taxes on the colonies.In 1767 the British passed the Townsend Act. This act placed taxes on tea, glass, paper, and paint. Many colonists refused to pay the taxes or to buy any goods made in England.

7. Quartering Act March, 1765 Quartering Act Required colonists to house British troops and supply them with food.

8. The Stamp Act March, 1765 English Parliament to the colonies The Stamp Act This act taxed all printed materials and was the first direct tax on the American colonies. English Parliament made this act to offset the high costs of the British military organization in America. Thus for the first time in the 150 year old history of the British colonies in America, the Americans will pay tax not to their own local legislatures in America, but directly to England.

9. 1767 The Townsend Act- This act placed taxes on tea, glass, paper, and paint. Many colonists refused to pay the taxes or to buy any goods made in England.

10. May 10, 1773 The Tea Act British Parliament to the colonies Maintained a three penny per pound import tax on tea that arrived in the colonies. It also gave the near bankrupt British East India Company a virtual tea monopoly by allowing it to sell directly to colonial agents, bypassing any middlemen, thus underselling American merchants.

11. October 1773 Britain sends three ships full of tea to the colonies at Boston Harbor. November 29/30,1773 Boston, Massachusetts Colonists met to decide what to do about the tea aboard the three ships docked in Boston harbor. Colonists decided to send the tea on the ship, Dartmouth, back to England without paying any import duties. The Royal Governor of Massachusetts, opposed and ordered harbor officials not to let the ship sail out of the harbor unless the tea taxes had been paid.

12. The Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773 Boston, Massachusetts About 8000 Bostonians gathered to hear Sam Adams announce that Royal Governor Hutchinson had repeated his command not to allow the ships out of the harbor until the tea taxes were paid. That night, the Boston Tea Party occurred, colonial activists disguised themselves as Indian, boarded the ships and dumped all 342 containers of tea into the harbor.

13. March, 1774 English Parliament passed the first of a series of Coercive Acts (called Intolerable Acts by Americans) in response to the rebellion in Massachusetts. The Boston Port Bill shut down all commercial shipping in Boston harbor until Massachusetts paid the taxes owed on the tea dumped in the harbor and also reimburse the East India Company for the loss of the tea.

14. Questions Why did King George begin taxing the colonists? Why were the colonists upset by this? Which act forced colonists to house British soldiers? What did the Stamp Act tax? What did the Townsend Act tax?

15. “The British are Coming!” Boston to Lexington April 18, 1775 General Gage ordered 700 British soldiers to Concord to destroy the colonists' weapons depot. That night, Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent from Boston to warn colonists. Revere reached Lexington about midnight and warned Sam Adams and John Hancock who were hiding out there.

16. …Continued Lexington Green Dawn, April 19 70 armed Massachusetts militiamen vs. the British advance guard. An unordered 'shot heard around the world' began the American Revolution. A volley of British muskets followed by a charge with bayonets left eight Americans dead and ten wounded.

17. Fort Ticonderoga Fort Ticonderoga, New York May 10, 1775 American forces led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold capture Fort Ticonderoga in New York. The fort contains a much needed supply of military equipment including cannons which are then hauled to Boston by ox.

18. Battle of Bunker Hill Boston, Massachusetts June 17, 1775 The first major fight between British and American troops. American troops are dug in along the high ground of Breed's Hill (the actual location) and are attacked by a frontal assault of over 2000 British soldiers who storm up the hill. The Americans were ordered not to fire until they can see "the whites of their eyes." As the British get within 15 paces, the Americans let loose a deadly volley of musket fire and halt the British advance. The British then regroup and attack 30 minutes later with the same result A third attack, however, succeeds as the Americans run out of ammunition and are left only with bayonets and stones to defend themselves. The British succeed in taking the hill, but at a loss of half their force, over a thousand casualties, with the Americans losing about 400, including important colonial leader, General Joseph Warren.

19. Cambridge, Massachusetts July 3, 1775, George Washington takes command of the 17,000 man, Continental Army.

20. July 5, 1775 The Continental Congress Adopted the Olive Branch Petition Expressed hope for a reconciliation with Britain, appealed directly to the King for help in achieving this. On August 23, 1775, King George III refused to even to look at the petition and instead issued a proclamation declaring that Americans were in a state of rebellion.

21. Common Sense

22. Common Sense by T. Paine January of 1776 Thomas Paine Published a small book called Common Sense. This book was very critical of British governement and King George in particular. Paine stated that America needed to be independent of Britain. This book became a best-seller. It made Americans believe that America should be a free and independent nation.

23. Declaring Independence June 11, 1776 Congress selected a committee of five men to draft a proclamation to the world that the colonies were independent from England. John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Robert R. Livingston of New York and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The committee assigned Jefferson the task of writing the original document. After minor alterations were subsequently made by Franklin and Adams, the document was submitted to Congress.

24. Signing of The Declaration Though drafted a month earlier, The Declaration of Independence was signed in Phillidelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776.

25. John Adams Massachusetts native