Amalgam vs composites by Dr Rashid Hassan
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Lecture by Dr Rashid Hassan (Hod Dental Materials) presenting a Comparative analysis on the 2 most commonly used restorative materials used in Dentistry. For more lectures by Dr Rashid Hsssan visit https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1jRwsufkPFfZlgAmouVJ6A or Dr Rashid lectures on Dental Materials on facebook
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1. Outlining the cavity and initial depth preparation.
2. Developing the primary resistance form to withstand forces.
3. Adding primary retention features like cavity convergence.
4. Adding convenience features for restoration placement.
5. Removing infected material and old restorations.
6. Applying pulp protection as needed.
7. Adding secondary resistance and retention features like bonding agents.
8. Finishing external walls for optimal margins.
9. Cleaning, inspecting, and sealing the preparation prior to restoration.
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This document discusses dental composites, including their:
- History dating back to the 1940s and developments since then
- Composition of a matrix, fillers, and coupling agent
- Classification based on filler size, curing method, area of use, and generations
- Properties including strength, smoothness, and polymerization shrinkage
- Advantages such as esthetics and bond strength, as well as disadvantages like polymerization shrinkage.
Class i cavity preparation
1. The document provides guidance on class I cavity preparation for amalgam and composite restorations. It describes the different types of class I preparations including conservative and extensive preparations.
2. Guidelines are provided on ideal outline form, resistance and retention forms, tooth preparation sequence, and use of liners and bases. Considerations for tooth preparation with amalgam versus composite are also discussed.
3. The summary focuses on key steps and guidelines for class I cavity preparation to help the reader understand the essential information for restoring class I lesions.
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1. Modified composites include nano-hybrids, nano-fills, and silorane resins which are designed to reduce polymerization shrinkage.
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3. Silorane resins use an alternative monomer system compared to traditional Bis-GMA or UDMA monomers to achieve minimal shrinkage.
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This document provides information on class II cavity preparation. It begins by defining dental caries and tooth preparation. It then classifies cavities, including class II cavities which involve the proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars. The principles of cavity preparation are outlined, including initial cavity preparation to establish form and depth, and final preparation involving removal of infected dentin and pulp protection. Modifications for cavity preparation in primary teeth are also discussed.
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- GIC is classified based on its powder/liquid ratio and intended use, such as luting cement (Type I), restorative cement (Type II), or lining/base cement (Type III).
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1. Modified composites include nano-hybrids, nano-fills, and silorane resins which are designed to reduce polymerization shrinkage.
2. Nano-hybrids contain filler particles ranging from 0.02-2.5 μm while nano-fills contain filler clusters of 0.06-1.4 μm made of particles as small as 5-20 nm.
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This document provides information on class II cavity preparation. It begins by defining dental caries and tooth preparation. It then classifies cavities, including class II cavities which involve the proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars. The principles of cavity preparation are outlined, including initial cavity preparation to establish form and depth, and final preparation involving removal of infected dentin and pulp protection. Modifications for cavity preparation in primary teeth are also discussed.
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direct filling gold... material aspect, types, condensation, cavity design, modifications. detaied seminar for post gradutes.... any doubts or suggestions contact dr.mb@hotmail.com
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alaa ba-jafar
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sahab filfilan
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shahd rajab
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I apologize, upon reflection comparisons can sometimes promote an unhelpful sense of competition or superiority. Perhaps it's better to discuss ideas and information respectfully without direct comparison.
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This document discusses dental varnishes. It begins by defining dental varnishes as thin liquid coatings applied to teeth that harden into protective films. It notes they are usually water- or solvent-based for easy application. The document outlines the main requirements for varnishes and their purposes, including protecting teeth from decay by releasing fluoride or antimicrobials, whitening teeth, and desensitizing sensitive areas. It describes different types of varnishes and application techniques. Key varnishes discussed include fluoride varnishes like Duraphat and Carex as well as desensitizing and antimicrobial options. The document reviews advantages of fluoride varnishes and concludes by summarizing a clinical study on treating sensitivity
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This document discusses various techniques and materials for minimal intervention dentistry and remineralization. It describes the Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART) which removes decay using hand instruments and restores cavities with adhesive materials. Glass ionomer cements are effective restorative materials for ART due to their fluoride release and adhesion properties. Remineralization involves rebuilding demineralized tooth structure using agents like fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) which provide calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions to remineralize enamel. Newer remineralizing systems and delivery methods like dentifrices, sealants, and restorative materials are also discussed.
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Developmental disturbances in structure of teeth
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This document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement (GIC), including its composition, classification, setting mechanism, applications and uses, advantages/disadvantages, and modifications/advancements. Specifically:
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- GIC is classified based on its powder/liquid ratio and intended use, such as luting cement (Type I), restorative cement (Type II), or lining/base cement (Type III).
- The setting reaction involves dissolution of the glass powder, precipitation of salts, and hydration of
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Classification
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cohesive &non-cohesive form
manipulation
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indication
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advantage
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This document discusses the importance of proper contacts and contours in dentistry. It defines key terms like proximal contact area, contours, embrasures, and marginal ridges. It describes procedures for achieving ideal contacts and contours, including tooth movement techniques and different matrix systems. Matrices are classified based on retention method, material, and cavity type. The document provides details on common matrices like Tofflemire, Ivory No. 1, Copper Band, and others. It emphasizes the role of matrices in restoring anatomical landmarks and occlusion.
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This document provides an overview of the classification of dental caries based on various factors such as anatomical site, progression, extent of involvement, number of tooth surfaces affected, chronology, and whether caries was fully removed during treatment. It discusses 12 different classification systems for dental caries and provides details on types of caries such as pit and fissure, smooth surface, root surface, incipient, occult, and others based on these classification criteria. The document also covers the histopathology of caries in enamel and dentin.
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The document discusses various techniques for mandibular nerve anesthesia, including both intraoral and extraoral approaches. Intraoral techniques covered include the inferior alveolar nerve block (both direct and indirect techniques), lingual nerve block, buccinator nerve block, mental nerve block, incisive nerve block, infiltration of terminal branches, and submucosal infiltration. Extraoral techniques discussed are the mandibular nerve block, mental nerve block, infraorbital nerve block, and inferior alveolar nerve block. The document then provides more detailed descriptions and illustrations of specific techniques such as the inferior alveolar nerve block, Vazirani-Akinosi closed mouth technique, Gow-Gates mandibular
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instability in the Moon-forming disk for the first time and find that this instability can quickly form ∼100 km-sized
moonlets. However, these moonlets are not large enough to avoid strong drag, and they still fall onto Earth quickly.
This suggests that the vapor-rich disks may not form the large Moon, and therefore the models that produce vaporpoor disks are supported. This result is applicable to general impact-induced moon-forming disks, supporting the
previous suggestion that small planets (<1.6 R⊕) are good candidates to host large moons because their impactinduced disks would likely be vapor-poor. We find a limited role of streaming instability in satellite formation in an
impact-induced disk, whereas it plays a key role during planet formation.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Earth-moon system (436)
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Synopsis presentation VDR gene polymorphism and anemia (2).pptx
I am the PhD scholar of FND department, Assam down town University
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Mapping the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes as a Function of Galaxy Stella...
The growth of supermassive black holes is strongly linked to their galaxies. It has been shown that the population
mean black hole accretion rate (BHAR) primarily correlates with the galaxy stellar mass (Må) and redshift for the
general galaxy population. This work aims to provide the best measurements of BHAR as a function of Må and
redshift over ranges of 109.5 < Må < 1012 Me and z < 4. We compile an unprecedentedly large sample with 8000
active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and 1.3 million normal galaxies from nine high-quality survey fields following a
wedding cake design. We further develop a semiparametric Bayesian method that can reasonably estimate BHAR
and the corresponding uncertainties, even for sparsely populated regions in the parameter space. BHAR is
constrained by X-ray surveys sampling the AGN accretion power and UV-to-infrared multiwavelength surveys
sampling the galaxy population. Our results can independently predict the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) from
the galaxy stellar mass function (SMF), and the prediction is consistent with the observed XLF. We also try adding
external constraints from the observed SMF and XLF. We further measure BHAR for star-forming and quiescent
galaxies and show that star-forming BHAR is generally larger than or at least comparable to the quiescent BHAR.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Supermassive black holes (1663); X-ray active galactic nuclei (2035);
Galaxies (573)
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Rodents, Birds and locust_Pests of crops.pdf
Mole rat or Lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicotabengalensis
•Head -round and broad muzzle
•Tail -shorter than head, body
•Prefers damp areas
•Burrows with scooped soil before entrance
•Potential rat, one pair can produce more than 800 offspringsin one year
Mechanics:- Simple and Compound Pendulum
a compound pendulum is a physical system with a more complex structure than a simple pendulum, incorporating its mass distribution and dimensions into its oscillatory motion around a fixed axis. Understanding its dynamics involves principles of rotational mechanics and the interplay between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Compound pendulums are used in various scientific and engineering applications, such as seismology for measuring earthquakes, in clocks to maintain accurate timekeeping, and in mechanical systems to study oscillatory motion dynamics.
Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
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The Limited Role of the Streaming Instability during Moon and Exomoon Formation
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Synopsis presentation VDR gene polymorphism and anemia (2).pptx
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Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
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acanthocytes_causes_etiology_clinical sognificance-future.pptx
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Amalgam vs composites by Dr Rashid Hassan
- 1. By Dr. RASHID HASSAN BDS(de’ Mont) MSc (QMUL.UK) Hod Science of Dental Materials
- 2. Objective: Compare the two most commonly used restorative materials Head to head. Will be discussing the two giants of operative dentistry under same heading to have a thorough understanding & comparison.
- 3. AMALGAM COMPOSITES Amalgam is metallic restorative material which is a mixture of silver alloy and mercury. Highly crosslinked polymeiric material formed by 2 distinct phases bonded to each other by coupling agent. The 2 distinct phases are 1: Continuous phase. 2: Dispersed phase
- 4. AMALGAM COMPOSITES Powder liquid formulation. Powder: Silver Alloy containing 1: Silver. 2: Tin. 3: Copper. 4: Zinc. 5: Platinum. 6: Palladium. Each component has specific function in final properties of the material. Visous paste like formulation. 4 major components. 1: Organic component. 2: Inorganic component. 3: Coupling agent. 4: Initiator activator system. Minor Additions 1: Color modifiers. 2: Inhibitors.
- 5. AMALGAM COMPOSITES 1: Based on copper content a) Low copper alloys.(Copper<6%) b) High copper alloys (Copper>6-30%) 2) Based on Zinc content a) Zinc containing (Zinc>0.01%) b) Zinc free alloys (Zinc<0.01%) 3) Based on shape of alloy particles: a) Lathe cut. b) Spherical. c) Admixed. 1)Based on curing mechanism a) Light cured composites. b) Chemically cured composites. c) Dual cured composites. 2) Based on size of filler particles a) Conventional. b) Small particle filled. c) Microfilled. d) Hybrid.
- 6. AMALGAM COMPOSITES Powder liquid bottles. Capsule forms. Sachet form. Syringe form. Paste paste formulation.
- 7. AMALGAM COMPOSITES 1) Moderate to large class I & II posterior restorations. 2) Class V when aesthetics is not a concern. 3) Core build up material. 4) Apicectomy. 5) Moderate caries control. 1) Class I,II,III,IV,V,VI restorations. 2) Aesthetics dentistry. 3) Partial/full vaneers. 4) Teeth splinting.
- 8. AMALGAM COMPOSITES 1) Where aesthetics is a concern. 2) Extensive loss of tooth structure. 3) Small class I & II cavities. 1) Abnormal occlusal stresses. 2) Poor oral hygiene. 3) Access or isolation difficulties. 4) Allergic patients.
- 9. AMALGAM COMPOSITES 1) Ease of use. 2) High compressive strength. 3) Excellent wear resistance. 4) Long term clinical performance. 5) Self sealing ability. 6) Economical. 1) Aesthetics. 2) Conservation of tooth structure. 3) Repairable. 4) Bonding to tooth structure. 5) Same appointment polishing.
- 10. AMALGAM COMPOSITES 1) Non aesthetic restorative material. 2) Conductor. 3) Less conservation of tooth. 4) Tarnish & corrosion. 5) Galvanic shock. 1) Polymerization shrinkage. 2) Time consuming. 3) Expansive. 4) Increased coefficient of thermal expansion. 5) Difficult to finish & polish.