- Alchemy originated as an ancient practice of using symbols and experiments on metals in attempts to prolong life and transform metals like lead into gold.
- Over time, contributions from various civilizations like the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Chinese, Indians, Arabs and Muslims, and Europeans advanced alchemical techniques and understanding.
- By the 16th century, alchemists had separated into two groups - one pursuing the pseudoscience of immortality and transmutation, while the other helped discover new compounds through scientific experimentation, contributing to the emergence of chemistry as a modern science.
Lesson 4 Not Indivisible (The Structure of the Atom)Simple ABbieC
Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. point out the main ideas in the discovery of the structure of the atom and its subatomic particles
2. cite the contributions of J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr to the understanding of the structure of the atom
3. describe the nuclear model of the atom and the location of its major components (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
Lesson 2 We Are All Made of Star Stuff (Formation of the Heavy Elements)Simple ABbieC
Content: How the elements found in the universe were formed
Content Standard:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of:
the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
the distribution of the chemical elements and the isotopes in the universe
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the lesson,
Give evidence for and describe the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution (S11/12PS-IIIa-2)
Write the nuclear fusion reactions that take place in stars that lead to the formation of new elements (S11/12PS-IIIa-3)
Describe how elements heavier than iron are formed (S11/12PSIIIa-b-4))
Synthesis of the New Elements in the Laboratory Jhay Gonzales
The power point presentation is intended for reporting purposes. Various slides were not defined well and needs to be explained by the reporter during the discussion. The slide started in explaining the objective of the reporting. Explain what a periodic table is. Present the synthetic elements and how they were made. The nuclear reactions presented were only depicted by images and thus, needed to be researched.
Lesson 4 Not Indivisible (The Structure of the Atom)Simple ABbieC
Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. point out the main ideas in the discovery of the structure of the atom and its subatomic particles
2. cite the contributions of J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr to the understanding of the structure of the atom
3. describe the nuclear model of the atom and the location of its major components (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
Lesson 2 We Are All Made of Star Stuff (Formation of the Heavy Elements)Simple ABbieC
Content: How the elements found in the universe were formed
Content Standard:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of:
the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
the distribution of the chemical elements and the isotopes in the universe
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the lesson,
Give evidence for and describe the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution (S11/12PS-IIIa-2)
Write the nuclear fusion reactions that take place in stars that lead to the formation of new elements (S11/12PS-IIIa-3)
Describe how elements heavier than iron are formed (S11/12PSIIIa-b-4))
Synthesis of the New Elements in the Laboratory Jhay Gonzales
The power point presentation is intended for reporting purposes. Various slides were not defined well and needs to be explained by the reporter during the discussion. The slide started in explaining the objective of the reporting. Explain what a periodic table is. Present the synthetic elements and how they were made. The nuclear reactions presented were only depicted by images and thus, needed to be researched.
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)Simple ABbieC
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
Stoichiometry deals with the numerical relationships of elements and compounds and the mathematical proportions of reactants and products in chemical transformations
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)Simple ABbieC
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
Stoichiometry deals with the numerical relationships of elements and compounds and the mathematical proportions of reactants and products in chemical transformations
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
2. Objectives:
(S11/12LT-IIbd-6)
At the end of the lesson, the learners are able to:
Describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry
1. Identify the people behind the progression of alchemy to chemistry
2. Perform differentiated activities showing the discovery of
chemistry from alchemy
3. Appreciate the influences of alchemy on the discoveries made
from chemistry
4. What can you observe from these pictures?
4
MOTIVATION
AncientSymbols Experiments Metals
ALCHEMY ( al–Khemia) = ancient origin of chemistry
= use of symbols and do
experiments on metals
5. 5
The students will
combine the elements
to form at least 5
different substances.
From the resulting
combination, the
students can still add
one element to form
another substance.
LITTLE ALCHEMY 2
Little Alchemy
Activity Proper
ICE
Water
ICE
GLACIER
Air
Earth
8. STORY OF ALCHEMY
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 8
Lesson Discussion
VISION
TARGET
PASSIO
N
MESOPOTAMIANS:
techniques to utilize metals like gold and copper.
They even assigned certain symbols to match
metals with the heavenly bodies such as the Sun
and Moon. They also made use of other materials
such as dyes, glass, paints, and perfumes.
EGYPTIANS:
adapted techniques from the
Mesopotamians and perfected the
use of bronze, dye and glass that
the Greeks later copied.
CHINESE:
had their own processes for
metalwork and ceramic materials,
but they especially focused on
finding minerals, plants and
substances that could prolong life
(elixir of life).
9. STORY OF ALCHEMY
9
Lesson Discussion
VISION
TARGET
PASSIO
N
INDIANS:
had a kind of alchemy (rasayana) that looked at
different substances and practices for Vedic
medicine. This is tied closely to Hindu and
Buddhist beliefs. They also perfected the use of
iron and steel and were well-known
manufacturers of dyes, glass, cement, solutions
for textiles, and soap.
MUSLIMS AND ARABS:
Scholar Jabir Ibn-Hayyan (Geber)
translated the practices and
Aristotelian thinking of the Greeks
and wrote extensively on how
metals can be purified. He came up
with the preparation of acids such
as nitric, hydrochloric and sulfuric
acids, as well as aqua regia (nitro-
hydrochloric acid).
EUROPEANS:
Paracelsus believed the human
body works alchemically and
proposed the three essentials or
tria prima: salt, mercury and sulfur
to maintain balance on health He
used inorganic salts, minerals and
metals to treat illnesses.
11. CHEMISTR
Y
continuing the search for
immortality and the
transmutation of base
metals into gold.
PSEUDOSCIENCE
MODERN
ALCHEMY
discovery of new
compounds and their
reactions
SCIENCE
12. 12
SKIT
Create a short skit showing how
ancient people are looking for a way
to change metals into gold and the
“elixir of life” as means of prolonging
life
DRAW
On four sheets of bond paper, create
a comic strip showing how ancient
people use alchemical approach in
their daily lives
SING
Create a short jingle expressing how
did the practice of alchemy evolved
into the science of chemistry
Activity: Skit, Sing and Draw
The students will be grouped into three and each will be
given the following situations showing how chemistry was
discovered through alchemy.
1 2 3
13. Scoring Rubrics
13
Activity: Sing, Draw, Skit
Presentation
(4) Detailed conclusions are
reached from the evidence
offered.
(3) Conclusions are reached
from the evidence offered.
(2) There is some indication of
conclusions from the evidence
offered.
(1) No conclusions are made
from the evidence offered.
Active
Participation
(4) All the members performed
their roles well.
(3) Some members performed
on the average.
(2) Only few of the members
performed.
(1) The group failed to perform
well.
Audience
Impact
(4) Standing Ovation, with heavy
clapping and amazement from
the class
(3) heavy clapping and
amazement from the class
(2) clapping and amazement
from the class
(1) No reaction from the class
14. Question!
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 14
Application
Like alchemy,
how does
chemistry
pursue its
search for the
“elixir of life”?
15. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 15
Modern Chemistry
Researches
University of California–San
Francisco biochemists identified a
memory-boosting chemical in
mice, which might one day be
used in humans to improve
memory.
Cheaper clean-
energy technologies
could be made
possible thanks to a
new discovery by a
professor of
chemistry at Penn
State University.
The Duke Cancer
Institute found that
an osteoporosis
drug stopped the
growth of breast
cancer cells, even in
resistant tumors.
These are just a few examples of how
modern chemistry carries on the
alchemical quest for the elixir of life
16. Generalization
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 16
Who are the
people behind
the creation of
alchemy?
Chinese
Europeans
Mesopotamians
Indians
Arabs and Muslim
Egyptians
How did
alchemy
evolve into the
science of
chemistry?
Through the contributions of
different people, their ancient
methods that eventually led to the
use of standardized procedures.
What are the
influences of
alchemy on the
products of
chemistry we
are using today?
Experimentation
Documentation
Continuous researches
17. Trivia!!
Lead into Gold???
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 17
Lead (atomic number 82) and gold (atomic number 79) are
defined as elements by the number of protons they possess.
Changing the element requires changing the atomic (proton)
number.
The number of protons cannot be altered by any chemical
means.
However, physics may be used to add or remove protons and
thereby change one element into another. Because lead is
stable, forcing it to release three protons requires a vast input
of energy, such that the cost of transmuting it greatly
surpasses the value of the resulting gold.
Good news! It was already achieve in Siberia!
18. SHORT QUIZ
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 18
ASSESSMENT
Answer the following questions.
1. What was believed by the alchemists as the material that could
transform base metals into gold?
2. Who invented gunpowder instead of the elixir of life?
3. Give three techniques Jabin Ibn Hayyan used in his experiments.
4. According to Paracelsus, what are the tria prima that is important in
bringing balance to one’s health?
5. Why did alchemy failed to become a discipline in science?
