A home visit is one of the essential parts of the community health services because most of the people are found in a home. Home visit fulfils the needs of individual, family and community in general for nursing service and health counselling. A home visit is considered as the backbone of community health service. A home visit is a family –nurse contact which allows the health worker to assess the home and family situation in order to provide the necessary nursing care and health-related activities.
Nurse's role in community Health nurseHafiza Afrin
Topic 03: ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day-to-day practice. The focus of nursing includes not only the individual, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires multiple roles.
The seven major roles of a community health nurse are:
1. Care provider. "Clinician role".
2. Educator.
3. Advocate.
4. Manager.
5. Collaborator.
6. Leader.
7.Researcher.
Seven roles & influence on people’s health:
1. Clinician: Focus on holism, health promotion & prevention while using expanded skills.
2. Educator: Plan for community wide impact.
3. Advocate: Support client self determination & responsive systems.
4. Manager: Participative approach with community.
5. Collaboration: Multidisciplinary collegiality & leadership
6. Leadership: Change agent.
7. Researcher: Systematic investigation, collaboration and analysis of data for solving problems and bring evidence evidence-based findings to community settings.
Nurse's role in community Health nurseHafiza Afrin
Topic 03: ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day-to-day practice. The focus of nursing includes not only the individual, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires multiple roles.
The seven major roles of a community health nurse are:
1. Care provider. "Clinician role".
2. Educator.
3. Advocate.
4. Manager.
5. Collaborator.
6. Leader.
7.Researcher.
Seven roles & influence on people’s health:
1. Clinician: Focus on holism, health promotion & prevention while using expanded skills.
2. Educator: Plan for community wide impact.
3. Advocate: Support client self determination & responsive systems.
4. Manager: Participative approach with community.
5. Collaboration: Multidisciplinary collegiality & leadership
6. Leadership: Change agent.
7. Researcher: Systematic investigation, collaboration and analysis of data for solving problems and bring evidence evidence-based findings to community settings.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
A home visit is one of the essential parts of the community health services because most of the people are found in a home.
Home visit fulfils the needs of individual, family and community in general for nursing service and health counseling.
A home visit is one of the essential parts of the community health services because most of the people are found in a home. Home visit fulfils the needs of individual, family and community in general for nursing service and health counselling. A home visit is considered as the backbone of community health service.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
A home visit is one of the essential parts of the community health services because most of the people are found in a home.
Home visit fulfils the needs of individual, family and community in general for nursing service and health counseling.
A home visit is one of the essential parts of the community health services because most of the people are found in a home. Home visit fulfils the needs of individual, family and community in general for nursing service and health counselling. A home visit is considered as the backbone of community health service.
Home Visit, its introduction, definition, objectives, principles, purposes, types of home visit, components of home visit, steps in home visit, frequency fo home visit followed by Advantages and Role of coommnity health nurse.
2. 2nd PBBSc - Comty - Unit - 2 Family Health Services.pptxthiru murugan
2nd Year PBBSc Nursingcommunity Health Nursing
Family Health Services
UNIT II: Family Health Services
Concept, objectives, scope and principles.
Individual, family and community as a unit of service.
Principles and techniques of home visiting.
Establishing working relationship with the family.
Working with families in relation to prevention of disease, promotion of health.
Care of the sick in the home, physically handicapped and mentally challenged.
Surveillance and monitoring.
Important questions:
Define Family Health Services, write about, Concept, objectives, principles & role of CHN? (10 mark)
Describe family as a basic unit of health service (5 mark)
Explain about Principles and techniques of home visiting (5 mark)
Bag technique (5 marks)
Write about Care of the sick & challenged peoples (5 mark)
Surveillance and monitoring (5 mark)
FAMILY HEALTH SERVICES (FHS):
Definition: Family health services are a providing multiple comprehensive health care to the family members.
Health of individual depends on health of family.
Family size, structure, income, education & environment affect the health standard of family.
Family plays important role in health.
Individual‘s health problem can be solved easily through family health care.
Customs, traditions, habits, socioeconomic aspects are closely related to health risks, illness, & health behavior of family member.
Comprehensive health care to community can be provided by family health care services.
Successful family life cycle can be achieved by family health services
CONCEPT OF FAMILY HEALTH SERVICES:
The 4 Concepts included in the family health services views are:
1. Family as the context:
The primary focus is on the health & development of an individual in family
Focuses the nursing process on health status & basic needs.
These needs vary, depending on the individual’s & situation.
Psychological needs must also be considered.
Family members may need direct interventions themselves
2. Family as the client:
The family is the foreground &individuals are in the background.
The family is seems as the sum of individuals family members.
The focus is concentrated on each & every individual as they affect the whole family.
From this perspective, a nurse might ask a family member who has just become ill.
3. Family as a system:
Family viewed as an international system.
This approach focuses on the individual & family members become the target for nursing interventions.
The system approach to the family always implies that when something happens to one affected.
It is important to understand - theoretical & practical needs
The family as system every parts (individuals) are important
4. Family as a component of society:
The family is seen as one of many institutions in society, along with health, educational, religious, or economic institution.
The family is a basic or primary unit of society
The family as a whole interacts with other institutions
Community health nursing - focuses
This slide contains information regarding Role and nurse family contact. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
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Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
1. HOME VISITING
Introduction
A home visit is one of the essential parts of the community health services because most
of the people are found in a home. Home visit fulfils the needs of individual, family and
community in general for nursing service and health counselling. A home visit is considered as
the backbone of community health service. A home visit is a family –nurse contact which allows
the health worker to assess the home and family situation in order to provide the necessary
nursing care and health-related a
ctivities.
Definition
A home visit is defined as the process of providing the nursing care to patients at their
doorsteps. It requires technical skills, resourcefulness, judgment, relationships.
It is defined as providing the services to family at their door step to maintain the health &
to reduce the mortality & morbidity in family.
Principle
.When carrying out the home visit, the community health nurse should follow certain
basic principles which are as follow:
The home visit should have a purpose and objectives.
The home visit should be planned according to priority.
The purpose of the home visit should be clear, regular, and flexible according to the
needs of the family.
First of all, introduce yourself, your institution, your purpose, of a home visit, and
collects facts about an individual, family environment.
Establish a good interpersonal relationship between families and be polite, courage,
friendly.
Carefully listen the family and understand the others person view.
Health education, nursing care should be scientific.
Use safe technical skills and scientific nursing procedures.
Involve whole family members as much as possible during nursing care.
The nurse and family member must develop a positive interpersonal relationship in
their work to achieve present goals.
Evaluate your own work periodically.
Make a note of important facts about the home visit in your diary.
Thanks to the family members and individual for good response.
2. Purposes
To find out needs of individual, family and community in relation to health, socio-
economic and cultural aspects.
To provide domiciliary midwifery as care for pregnant, delivery, and puerperal mother
and infant.
To give care to the sick, to a postpartum mother and her newborn with the view teach a
responsible family member to give subsequent care.
To assess the living condition of the patient and his family and their health practices in
order to provide the appropriate health teachings.
To provide basic health services for minor ailments. (i.e. injury, boils, abrasions)
To provide counseling on family planning, immunization, nutrition.
To give health teaching regarding the prevention and control of diseases.
To establish a close relationship between the nurses and the public for promotion of
health.
To make use of an inter-referral system and to promote the utilization of community
services.
Steps of home visiting
Home visit refers to meeting the health needs of people at doorsteps. The steps of home visiting
are as follow:
1.Facts findings
2.Data finding
3.Planning action with individual or family
4. Action and health education
5.Follow through
6. Evaluation of services
7. Explain the use of home visiting bag
1. Facts findings:
Facts findings are the first steps during home visiting. It helps to study the
clinical and other records to get an understanding of what has to be done which is given
below:
3. Prepare a map of the area to be visited and i.e. location, house, road, temples etc.,
prepare family folders.
Collect information of the family member i.e. number of family member, occupation,
education, date of birth, religion, income, past history, present illness, use of family planning,
immunization etc.
Use technical skills and nursing procedure.
Establish an interpersonal relationship, be polite and courage, show the interest towards
the family.
Identify the needs of individual, family members
Discuss the problem with the family members and find out the possible solutions to
problems.
2. Data findings:
After completing the fact finding the process of analysis begins. The data of the members
should be honest and based on facts and not an opinion. The personal, emotional, spiritual
aspects should be involved which are taken together constitute the usual health problem.the
problem and facts should show exact problems and what he is expected to do. Discuss the point
step by step and examine the matter critically. Then only comes to the conclusions. Do not jump
and do not make hasty conservation. After that, the nurse helps the family to plan and use local
and outside resources.
3. Planning actions with family:
It is the most important in all our work and relationships. Make good and realistic objectives
and plan how we are going to achieve those objectives. First priority should be given to essential
basic need such as hunger, then only for personal hygiene or safe water or sanitation. That’s why
planning is very important and it should be based on the condition of the family, home
environmental and local resources available in a family in order to be practical. Planning should
also be based upon short term or long term objectives of the family. Some alternatives plan or
suggestions are also helpful. Do respect the individual’s ideas, suggestion or solution. Good
planning always leads to doing a good action and achieve objectives.
4. Action and health education:
After planning, a formal home visit should be done to solve the problem. On the first visit,
CHN should introduce herself and explain the purpose of her visit. The talk should be informal,
giving plenty of opportunities to ask a question and provide a platform for discussion. The action
and health education should be as per family time schedule. Find out what is the best time for
teaching them. For example, if they are drying food in a yard, then you should teach about food
storage, and help them for proper drying. This help to provide effective teaching as you are
helping them, it also builds good interpersonal relationships. Emphasis should be given on
practical more often than theoretical.
5. Follow through:
4. It is one of the most important steps of a home visit. Follow up for those which were already
planned and implement to find out how far the objectives are fulfilled. It also helps to find out
how far the instruction, suggestion, and actions were followed. Appreciate if they have done
well and if not done properly, find out the cause. It gives ideas for planning for next visit.
6. Evaluation of service:
For evaluation services, review each family record periodically and answer the following
question.
What is the immediate problem/need?
What is the total problem?
List the difficulties and hindering factors in the situation?
List the helpful and supporting factors e.g. coping ability of family, availability of local
resources?
What has been done about the immediate problem?
What plans are being made and what actions are being taken to deal with the underlying
cause of a problem?
How did the personal respond to your visit?
What changes took place?
Have you made effective use of man, material, and measures?
How far the visit has been useful?
What is the attitude of individual, family and community?
Do you need guidance, counseling, and discussion with your superior?
The result of community health service is not always seen immediately, it takes time.
Knowledge is changed but attitude, habit and behavior change is difficult, but once changed, it
has a permanent effect.
7. Explain the home visiting back:
It is also one of the essential steps of home visiting. The major objective of health care
services in the home is to help people with their health problems and work with them towards
keeping the family healthy. The purpose of the bag is to carry out necessary equipment to
perform nursing care in the home. E.g. performing minor dressing, conducting delivery etc. It
saves times and effort in the performance of a nursing procedure.
5. `Frequency of Home Visit
Making decision regarding frequency of visit is a matter of judgment. It will depend
upon the extent of health problems of the family
In no case clinic visit by the family are substitute to family visit by the community health
nurse family visits are basis of priorities available time and work lord, health agency’s policies
and facilities available. Priorities are established on the following guidelines
Visits in response to the need felt by the family such as mother in labour, acute and
serious illness etc.
Visit to premature infants and infants with defects
Regular visits to post natal mother and antenatal mother
Visits to chronically ill patients
Supervisory visits to infants, toddler, and eligible couple
Collection of family information and investigations.
Information, education, counselling and guidance purposes
Advantage
It helps to develop an interpersonal relationship between family members and the nurses.
Community health nurse assess the individual and family member in their own
environment.
It gives an opportunity to observe the background of the family member and their
relationship.
It helps in the basic understanding of physical and emotional needs of individual and to
guide them.
It helps to gain more knowledge and become realistic as a family member are more
relaxed in their own surroundings.
It also gives an opportunity to find out new health problems
References
Tuitui, Roshani and. Dr. Suwal S.N. A Textbook of Community Health Nursing.
6. Kathmandu: Vidyarthi Prakashan(P) Ltd, 2007.
Gulani K K ,community health nursing principles and practice, kumar publication,2017,
https://tr.scribd.com/document/233132586/Diagnostic-Exam-2
https://ja.scribd.com/presentation/113589897/Community-Health-Nursing
fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/home_visit.ppt
nursestopicks.blogspot.com/