Aju report 2

RAINBOW TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by,
AJMAL HAKKIM(14153000)
Roll no: 1

SEMINAR REPORT
On
RAINBOW TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by
AJMAL HAKKIM (14153000)
In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology of
Cochin University of Science and Technology
JULY 2017
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Toc H INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Arakkunnam P.O, Ernakulam District, Kerala-682313

Toc H INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Arakkunnam P.O., Ernakulam District, Kerala 682313
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the IT1704 Seminar Report entitled “RAINBOW
TECHNOLOGY” submitted by AJMAL HAKKIM (14153000) of Semester VII is a
bonafide account of the work done by him under our supervision, during the academic
year 2017-18.
Asst.Prof Ajayakumar M.V Asst. Prof Sunitha E V
(Internal Examiner) (Head, Department of IT)

Rainbow Technology
Department of Information Technology, TIST i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Seminar is a product of experience and it goes a long way in shaping up a person in his/
her respective profession and it is not only him who gains that experience but a group of
kind hearts behind his/her success. If words are considered as a symbol of approval
and token of knowledge, then these words play heralding role in expressing our
gratitude.
First and foremost of all, I express my heartfelt gratitude to God Almighty for giving us
an opportunity to excel in our effort to complete the seminar on time. I extend my
gratitude to the Management, Toc H Institute of Science and Technology for providing
us the necessary space and environment to develop such a seminar. I wish to convey
my deep sense of gratitude to Prof.(Dr). Preethi Thekkath, Principal for providing the
opportunity and necessary facilities for doing this seminar. I am very grateful to the
Department of Information Technology for assigning such a seminar as a part of our
syllabus. It has helped a lot to put knowledge into application and face the practical
challenges of the seminar. I express my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to Asst. prof.
Sunitha E V Head of the Department of Information Technology, for being helpful and
co-operative during the period of the seminar.
I also express my deep gratitude to the faculty members Asst Prof Ajayakumar.M.V
and our other faculty members for their valuable guidance, timely suggestions and help
in the completion of this seminar. I extend my sincere thanks to all the non-teaching
staff for providing the necessary facilities and help. Without the support of anyone of
them this seminar would not have been a reality.

Rainbow Technology
Department of Information Technology, TIST ii
ABSTRACT
Rainbow Technology, a breakthrough in digital data storage enables us to store up to a
massive 450 GB on just a piece of paper. Rainbow Storage is a group of techniques to
store digital data in some colors, color combinations and some symbols known as
rainbow brmat, and therefore a rainbow picture will be generated.
The technique is used to achieve high-density storage. With the help of Rainbow
system we would be watching full-length high-definition videos from a piece of paper.
The main attraction is the cheap paper. The Rainbow technology is feasible because
printed text, readable by the human eye is a very wasteful use of the potential capacity
of paper to store data. By printing the data encoded in a denser way much higher
capacities can be achieved. Paper is, of course, bio-degradable.Unlike CDs or DVDs.
And sheets of paper also cost a fraction of the cost of a CD or DVD.

Rainbow Technology
Department of Information Technology, TIST iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page
no
ABSTRACT ii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 LITERATURE SURVEY 3
3.0 PRINCIPLES USED 14
4.0 COMPARISON WITH OTHER STORAGE
DEVICES
24
5.0 APPLICATION 27
6.0 FUTURE SCOPE 28
7.0 CONCLUSION 29
8.0 REFERENCES 30

Rainbow Technology
Department of Information Technology, TIST iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No. Title Page No.
Fig 1.0 Rainbow technology 2
Fig 2.1 Working 5
Fig 2.2 Rainbow Technology image 8
Fig 2.3 Encoded Audio data 9
Fig 2.4 Encoded Audio data 9
Fig 2.5 Encoding Block diagram 10
Fig 2.6 Dencoding Block diagram 11
Fig 3.1 RVD 15
Fig 3.2 Rainbow card 16
Fig 3.3 Data centres 16
Fig 3.4 Picture of a wall post containing hidden data
in its eyes
17

Rainbow Technology
Department of Information Technology, TIST v
Fig 3.5 Zoomed view of Fig 3.1 17
Fig 3.6 Rainbow process line machine 19
Fig 3.3.1 Rainbow image processing step: 1 20
Fig 3.7 Representation of data from a file to Rainbow
format
21
Fig 3.8 Discs can now be developed from plastic
bottle too which will be able to hold 450 GB of
data
23
Fig 4.0 Comparison with other storage devices 24

Rainbow Technology
Department of Information Technology, TIST 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Rainbow technology is a group of techniques to accomplish high density, high speed,
cheap and reliable data storage and retrieval. It is a storage optimization technology
based upon the usage of printed shapes on a variety of media, unlike the traditional
magneto-optical standard, to store data. This is done by using various geometrical
shapes and different colours on the surface used, which could be paper or plastic.
Storage density can be dramatically increased by storing a bit pattern on a single dot by
using colour substances instead of storing bits (0s and 1s) on one dot. Any type of data
can be converted into a picture like format known as DataPicture, and it can be printed
in any printable media.
It uses geometric shapes such as squares and hexagons to represent data patterns,
instead of the usual binary method that uses ones and zeros to represent data. Besides,
color is also used in the Rainbow system, to represent other data elements. Files such
as text, images, sounds and video clips are encoded in "rainbow format" as colored
circles, triangles, squares and so on, and printed as dense graphics on paper at a
density of 2.7GB per square inch. An RVD therefore looks like a print-out of the modern
art.
The paper can then be read through a specially developed scanner and the contents
decoded into their original digital format and viewed or played. The Rainbow technology
is feasible because printed text, readable by the human eye is a very wasteful use of
the potential capacity of paper to store data By printing the data encoded in a denser
way much higher capacities can be achieved. The retrieval of data is done by scanning
the paper or the plastic sheet containing the data into a scanner and later reading it over
monitor
Instead of using 0s and 1s, we use color dots where each color dot can represent
minimum 8 bits (1 byte). The rainbow picture will be highly compressed and can be

Rainbow Technology
represented in any color medium. For retrieving the contents from the medium, picture
can be captured and data can be generated from the color combinations. "Although
environmental light differences and color shading is a problem, it can overcome up to a
certain limit by using efficient mapping functions" The theory is: If Rainbow's "geometric"
algorithm is to be encoded and decoded by a computer, it would equally viable to store
the compressed data on a conventional disk rather than printing it to paper or other non-
digital medium. Printing something as dots on a page rather than bits on a disk will not
Fig 1.0 Rainbow technology

Rainbow Technology
2.0 LITERATURE SURVEY
The theory is: If Rainbow's "geometric" algorithm is to be encoded and decoded by a
computer, it would equally viable to store the compressed data on a conventional disk
rather than printing it to paper or other non-digital medium. Printing something as dots
on a page rather than bits on a disk will not change the underlying compression ratio, so
a lossless compression algorithm that could store 250 gigabytes within a few hundred
megabytes of data would be revolutionary indeed. Likewise, data can be compressed
with any algorithm and subsequently printed to paper as colored dots. The amount of
data that can be reliably stored in this way is limited by the printer and scanner, as
described above.
However Sainul Abideen says that the articles are based on misunderstandings. He
claims, it as a method to store data in the form of colour, in any medium where colour
can be represented, not only paper. Density of storage in paper will be very small and
the density will be depends on the storage medium, capacity of colour representation
and retrieval methods etc.
Printing at 1,200 dots per inch (DPI) leads to a theoretical maximum of 1,440,000
colored dots per square inch. If a scanner can reliably distinguish between 256 unique
colors (thus encoding one byte per dot), the maximum possible storage is approximately
140 megabytes for a sheet of A4 paper–much lower when the necessary error
correction is employed. If the scanner were able to accurately distinguish between
16,777,216 colors (24 bits, or 3 bytes per dot), the capacity would triple, but it still falls
well below the media stories' claims of several hundred gigabytes.
Printing this quantity of unique colors would require specialized equipment to generate
many spot colors. The process color model used by most printers provides only four
colors, with additional colors simulated by a halftone pattern.

Rainbow Technology
Rainbow Technology Following the wide media attention this news received, some of
the claims have been debunked by various experts; however, Sainul Abideen says that
the articles are all based on misunderstandings. Printing at 1,200 dots per inch (DPI)
leads to a theoretical maximum of 1,440,000 colored dots per square inch. If a scanner
can reliably distinguish between 256 unique colors (thus encoding one byte per dot), the
maximum possible storage is approximately 140 megabytes for a sheet of A4 paper–
much lower when the necessary error correction is employed. If the scanner were able
to accurately distinguish between 16,777,216 colors (24 bits, or 3 bytes per dot), the
capacity would triple, but it still falls well below the media stories' claims of several
hundred gigabytes. Printing this quantity of unique colors would require specialized
equipment to generate many spot colors. The process color model used by most
printers provides only four colors, with additional colors simulated by a halftone pattern.
At least one of three things must be true for the claim to be valid: The paper must be
printed and scanned at a much higher resolution than 1,200 DPI. The printer and
scanner must be able to accurately produce and distinguish between an extraordinary
number of distinct color values. The compression scheme must be a revolutionary
lossless compression algorithm. The theory is: If Rainbow's "geometric" algorithm is to
be encoded and decoded by a computer, it would equally viable to store the
compressed data on a conventional disk rather than printing it to paper or other non-
digital medium. Printing something as dots on a page rather than bits on a disk will not
change the underlying compression ratio, so a lossless compression algorithm that
could store 250 gigabytes within a few hundred megabytes of data would be
revolutionary indeed.
At least one of three things must be true for the claim to be valid:
 The paper must be printed and scanned at a much higher resolution than 1,200 DPI,
 the printer and scanner must be able to accurately produce and distinguish between
an extraordinary number of distinct color values, or
 the compression scheme must be a revolutionary lossless compression algorithm

Rainbow Technology
2.1 WORKING OF RAINBOW TECHNOLOGY
It uses geometric shapes such as squares and hexagons to represent data patterns,
instead of the usual binary method that uses ones and zeros to represent data. Besides,
colour is also used in the Rainbow system, to represent other data elements. Files such
as text, images, sounds and video clips are encoded in rainbow format as coloured
circles, triangles, squares and so on, and printed as dense graphics on paper at a
density of 2.7GB per square inch. Rainbow storage targets high availability and
survivability of data and performance in the presence of faults and attacks referred
OceanStore.
Fig 2.1 working
The recording media could be either paper or plastic sheets. The piece of paper or even
plastic sheet storing the data has just to be scanned in the scanner and read over the
monitor.

Rainbow Technology
2.1 CONVERSION PROCEDURES
The following steps are used to convert the original data to the data detected by the
rainbow devices.
2.1.1 Level-1 Data to DataPicture:
Data to DataPicture conversion takes place in four steps.A chunk of data bits are taken
from data source (Normally Binary file), which is known as a word. The size of the word
can vary according to the nature of writers, readers and storage mediums. The word
can be converted into a value that will be unique for each different combination of bits.
Thus a picture will be generated by representing values as colours. The value then
passes through some error checking mechanisms. After producing some error
correction bits, it will attach to the data picture. Header, Picture Boundary Mapper
(PBM) (for keeping track of the boundary of data picture), universal Picture Dot (a static
value that is used for mapping errors that occurred due to colour fading), etc will be
attached to the picture. Thus the final output (DataPicture) will be generated. Now the
original data is encoded into DataPicture and it can be now printed in any printable
media.
2.1.2 Level-2 DataPicture to Data:
DataPicture to data conversion uses just the reverse process. DataPicture is taken as
an input and the parameters like UPD, PBM, etc are read from the header. The actual
data is generated by picture to value conversion. Some image processing methods are
used for this stage. Value mapping functions are used for mapping the arrangements
done on actual data. Some errors that occur due to colour fading can also be handled
at this stage. The values are passed through some error correction mechanisms. Fault
tolerance and automatic repair is also performed at this stage. Then the value to word
conversion takes place. The encoded DataPicture is hence decoded into the result data
which will be the original data.

Rainbow Technology
The paper can then be read through a specially developed scanner and the contents
decoded into their original digital format and viewed or played. The Rainbow technology
is feasible because printed text that can be read by the human eye does not make
optimal use of the potential capacity of paper to store data. By printing the data
encoded in a denser way higher capacities can be achieved. The retrieval of data is
done by scanning the paper or the plastic sheet containing the data into a scanner and
later reading it over the monitor. Instead of using 0s and 1s, we use colour dots where
each color dot can represent minimum 8 bits (1 byte). The rainbow picture will be highly
compressed and can be represented in any colour medium. For retrieving the contents
from the medium, picture can be captured and data can be generated from the colour
combinations. "Although environmental light differences and color shading is a problem,
they can be overcome up to a certain limit by using efficient mapping functions".
In order to read the Rainbow prints, all that is required is a scanner and specialized
software. Smaller scanners could fit inside laptop computers or mobile phones, and
read SIM card-sized RVDs containing 5GB of data. The recording media could be either
paper or plastic sheets. The piece of paper or even plastic sheet storing the data has
just to be scanned in the scanner and read over the monitor. A scanning drive based on
the Rainbow software has simultaneously been developed which will come in smaller
sizes to be initially carried with the laptops and later to fit into their bodies.
The technology has used geometric shapes like circles, squares and triangles for
computing which combine with various colours and preserve the data in images. An
RVD therefore looks like a print-out of the modern art. All kinds of data have to be first
converted into a common format called 'Rainbow Format'

Rainbow Technology
Fig: 2.2- Rainbow Technology image
2.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Storing an audio file and text file on paper in a form of image. We will take print out of
this paper and by scanning it we can retrieve the data stored on paper back.
Representing data in the form of black and white image is basic step, but here we have
discussed conversion in to gray scale image directly as it leads to smaller image size
and more compression.
2.2.1 ENCODING FROM AUDIO SIGNAL IN TO GRAY SCALE IMAGE
We will initially read „audio‟ file to get sampled values of audio file which will be between
- 1 and 1. Now convert this value between 0 to 1. To overcome limitations of normal
printer and scanner we replicated each sampled value two times, this will control error

Rainbow Technology
till some extent. To obtain proper image we will convert this array into matrix with aspect
ratio 4:3. Like this we have successfully created image whose pixel values are between
0 to 255 which corresponds to range 0 to 1. After that print out of this image is taken.
The first image shown below represents image obtained after conversion of audio file
and second image represents scanned image which can be used to reconstruct audio
file
Encoded Audio data-
Fig 2.3 Encoded Audio data
Scanned Image -
Fig 2.4 Encoded Audio data

Rainbow Technology
2.2.2 DECODING FROM GRAY SCALE IMAGE TO AUDIO SIGNAL
In decoding part scanned gray scale image is converted back in to audio file. We will
select desired area of paper and read content of selected area. These values are
between 0 to 255 we will convert this to values between 0 to1. This matrix of aspect
ratio 4:3 is converted in to array. Now take average of two successive pixels to get
actual value of pixel. Convert this value between -1 to 1. This is the reconstructed audio
file now play this audio file
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ENCODING
Fig 2.5 :Encoding Block diagram
Converting an audio file in
chirp signal
Coding each signal change into
specific 8 bit binary codes
Assigning a particular grey scale
color to each different code
Now assigning a pixel value to
each code
Taking the printout of image

Rainbow Technology
DENCODING
Fig 2.6 :Dencoding Block diagram
2.3PROCESS OF STORING DATA
Printing at 1,200 dots per inch (DPI) leads to a theoretical maximum of 1,440,000
colored dots per square inch. If a scanner can reliably distinguish between 256 unique
colors (thus encoding one byte per dot), the maximum possible storage is approximately
140 mega bytes for a sheet of A4 paper-much lower when the necessary error
correction is employed. If the scanner were able to accurately distinguish between
16,777,216 colors (24 bits, or 3 bytes per dot), the capacity would triple, but it still falls
well below the media stories‟ calms of several hundred gigabytes.
Scaning the image file
Converting the scanned
greyscale image into binary code
Converting the binary code to
chirp signal
Converting it into audio
signal
Play the audio file

Rainbow Technology
Printing this quantity of unique colors would require specialized equipment to generate
many spot colours. The process model used by most printers provides only 4 colours,
with additional colours simulated by a halftone pattern.
At least one of three things must be true for the claim to be valid:
 The paper must be printed and scanned at a much higher resolution than 1,200
DPI,
 The printer and scanner must be able to accurately produce and distinguish
between an extraordinary numbers of distinct colour values.
 The compression scheme must be a revolutionary lossless compression
algorithm.
If Rainbow‟s “geometric” algorithm is to be encoded and decoded by a computer, it
would equally viable to store the compressed data on a conventional disk rather than
printing it to paper or other non-digital medium.
Printing something as dots on a page rather than bits on disks will not change the
underlying compression ratio, so a losses compression algorithm that could store 250
gigabytes within a few hundred megabytes of data would be revolutionary indeed.
Likewise, data can be compresses with any algorithm and subsequently printed to a
paper as coloured dots. The amount of data that a can be reliably stored on this way is
limited by the printer and scanner, as described above.
2.4 HOW TO READ RAINBOW PRINTS
In order to read the rainbow prints, all that is required is a scanner and specialized
read SIM card-sized RVD‟s containing 5GB of data.

Rainbow Technology
The recording media could be either paper or plastic sheets. The piece of paper or
even plastic sheet storing the data has just to be scanned in the scanner and read over
the monitor. A scanning drive based on the rainbow software has simultaneously been
developed which will come in smaller sizes to be initially carried with the laptops and
later to fit into their bodies.
The developer is simultaneously molding the technology into ‟Rainbow cards‟ which will
be of SIM card size and store 5GB equivalent to three films of DVD quality.
As „Rainbow Cards‟ will become popular, rainbow card reader will replace CD drives of
mobile phone and computer notebooks and will enable more data in portable forms for
mini digital readers. Large scale manufacture of the rainbow card will bring down its cost
to just 50 paisa.

Rainbow Technology
3.0 PRINCIPLES USED
This technology is based on two principles:
A) Principle I
“Every colour or colour combination can be converted in to some values and from
the values the colours or colour combinations can be regenerated”.
B) Principle II
“Every different colour or colour combinations will produce different values”.
3.1 ABSOLUTE RAINBOW DOTS
Absolute rainbow dots are used to detect errors caused by scratches, and whether any
fading has occurred. Absolute rainbow dots are predefined dots carrying a unique value.
These dots can be inserted in the rainbow picture in pre-specified areas. If fading
occurs these dot values will change accordingly, and at the reproduction stage this can
be checked and corrected. Absolute rainbow dots will be microscopically small so that
they occupy very little space in the rainbow picture. These will be coloured differently so
that each dot will have its own fixed unique value.
3.2 PRODUCTS FROM TECHNOLOGY
By using Rainbow Storage, we can develop many kinds of products. They include
3.2.1 Disposable storage
3.2.2 RVD
3.2.3 Rainbow cards
3.2.4 Data cards
3.2.1 Disposable storage: Rainbow storage can be used to achieve Disposable
storage. We can store any kind of data in any kind of media that can represent colour. It

Rainbow Technology
can be used as one time storage. We can use bio degradable materials here (because
it is not intended for long time). This category of products can be used for distribution of
files, documents, etc. Here we can use even printers, scanners, cameras and so on as
input and output devices.
3.2.2 RVD: RVD (Rainbow Versatile Disk) is another product that can be developed by
using Rainbow Storage. We need to develop specific drives for reading and writing. It
can hold huge amount of data and it will be very cheap enough to reduce storage price
dramatically. The technique Vertical lining is used in RVD to ensure high density.
Storage capacity will vary according to the nature of the mediums used.
Fig 3.1 RVD
3.2.3 Rainbow Cards: Rainbow cards can be constructed as a cheap secondary
storage medium for PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) and other small digital devices.
They can be constructed in many standards and sizes. The size can vary from visiting

Rainbow Technology
card size to the size of a SIM card. Specific readers need to be attached with such
devices.
Fig 3.2 Rainbow card
3.2.4 Data Centres: Datacenters are the static storage servers that can hold Peta
Bytes of data. It will be a sequential access storage system that can be used for
secondary storage of data. We can construct a data centre with a cost of around 35
lakhs.
Fig :3.3 Data centres
.

Rainbow Technology
‘
Fig 3.4: Picture of a wall post containing hidden data in its eyes Fig 3.5 Zoomed view of Fig 3.4
3.3 RAINBOW PROCESS LINE
The Rainbow Process Line is a self-contained clean environment where copper
panels are automatically processed double sided through the stages of etch resist
coating, imaging, developing and rinsing, resulting in industry leading levels of
throughout and very fine detail achievement (line and space). Power and water required
and the waste produced are far lower than with other coating and imaging processes,
representing huge savings both in cost and environmental impact.

Rainbow Technology
Key to the process is the Rainbow solvent free liquid etch resist, used at only 5um
thickness and cured instantly using UV LED lights. This means that the process
requires no ovens and the resist is not subject to heat or solvent induced shrinkage.
The Rainbow Process Line is supplied with a full enclosure which includes HEPA
filtration and a clean machine at the entry point. This, and the fact that there is a fully
automated handling system meaning that there is no human interaction required during
the processing, ensures that the risk of contamination is completely minimised.
Extremely high yields are therefore achieved.
Phototools are used to create the required layouts; these phototools are brought into
direct contact with the wet resist on the panels before the UV LED‟s are used to cure
the non-covered areas. The phototools are mounted offline into a cart-mounted
registration system, which can be swapped out at the process line very quickly resulting
in minimal downtime during part changeover. Process Management and Control All
stages of this process are more easily managed and less troublesome than
conventional processes: Coating is fast, easy and repeatable and use of solvent free
liquid etch resist ensures that adhesion is excellent over the surface of the copper
where the resist follows the surface intimately, filling the peaks and troughs where dry
resist cannot. As no drying is required and no solvent needs to be removed, the surface
remains very stable with no warping or shrinkage Exposure using LED UV light is very
fast and easy, and no heat is transferred from the exposure system to either the
phototools or the panel itself. This extends the life of the phototools and means that line
size remains stable. Development of the liquid resist is extremely fast as the non-
exposed areas wash off with a mild potassium carbonate solution within a few seconds.
As the liquid resist is applied at a thickness of only 5um, the amount removed is lower
than with conventional wet resist, and far less than dry resist, meaning that there is less
to remove from the developing tank waste. There are no foaming problems with the
solvent free liquid etch resist, this can be a major problem during developing where dry
resist is used. Fully Automatic Handling of the panels throughout the system removes

Rainbow Technology
any potential for handling damage and helps to ensure process repeatability. Automated
loading and unloading systems can easily be used to further reduce the operator input
required and maximise the uptime of the equipment.
Fig 3.6 Rainbow process line machine

Rainbow Technology
3.3.1 STEPS OF RAINBOW IMAGE PROCCESING
Fig 3.3.1 Rainbow image proccesing step: 1 Fig 3.3.2 Rainbow image processing step: 2
Fig 3.3.3 Rainbow image processing step: 3 Fig 3.3.4 Rainbow image processing step: 4

Rainbow Technology
3.4 REPRESENTAION OF DATA FROM A FILE TO RAINBOW FORMAT
Fig: 3.7 Representation of data from a file to Rainbow format
From the Fig: 4 A chunk of data bits are taken from a data source (Normally Binary file),
which is known as a word. The word can be converted into a value that will be unique
for each different combination of bits. Thus a picture will be generated by representing
values as colours. The value will then pass through some error checking mechanisms.
After producing some error correction bits, it will be attached to the data picture. Thus
the final output (Data Picture) will be generated. Now the Data Picture can be printed in
any printable media.
Rainbow Symbol
Table
Conversion
Algorithm
Data File Error Handler
Rainbow
Picture
Security &
Authentication

Rainbow Technology
3.5 IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
In order to read the Rainbow prints, all that is required is a scanner and specialized
read SIM card-sized RVD's containing 5GB of data. The recording media could be
either paper or plastic sheets. The piece of paper or even plastic sheet storing the data
has just to be scanned in the scanner and read over the monitor. A scanning drive
based on the Rainbow software has simultaneously been developed which will come in
smaller sizes to be initially carried with the laptops and later to fit into their bodies. The
developer is simultaneously moulding the technology into 'Rainbow Cards' which will be
of SIM card size and store 5 GB of data equivalent to three films of DVD quality. As
'Rainbow Cards' will become Popular, Rainbow Card Readers will replace CD drives of
mobile phone and computer notebooks and will enable more data in portable forms for
mini digital readers. Large scale manufacture of the Rainbow card will bring down its
cost to just 50 paise. The developer is simultaneously moulding the technology into
'Rainbow Cards' which will be of SIM card size and store 5 GB of data equivalent to
three films of DVD quality. scanner and specialized software. Smaller scanners could fit
inside laptop computers or mobile phones, and read SIM card-sized RVD's containing
5GB of data. The recording media could be either paper or plastic sheets. The piece of
paper or even plastic sheet storing the data has just to be scanned in the scanner and
read over the monitor. A scanning drive based on the Rainbow software has
simultaneously been developed which will come in smaller sizes to be initially carried
with the laptops and later to fit into their bodies. The developer is simultaneously
moulding the technology into 'Rainbow Cards' which will be of SIM card size and store 5
GB of data equivalent to three films of DVD quality. As 'Rainbow Cards' will become
Popular Rainbow Card Readerswill replace CD drives of mobile phone and computer
notebooks and will enable more data in portable forms for mini digital readers. Large
scale manufacture of the Rainbow card Data stored in rainbow format on an ordinary
paper. It uses geometric shapes such as squares and hexagons to represent data
patterns, instead of the usual binary method that uses ones and zeros to represent

Rainbow Technology
data. Besides, color is also used in the Rainbow system, to represent other data
elements. Files such as text, images, sounds and video clips are encoded in "rainbow
format" as colored circles, triangles, squares and so on, and printed as dense graphics
on paper at a density of 2.7GB per square inch.
Fig: 3.8 Discs can now be developed from plastic bottle too which will be able to hold 450 GB of data

Rainbow Technology
4.0 COMPARISION WITH OTHER STORAGE DEVICES
Currently, of the several options available for data storage, DVDs are the best mode, but
are yet expensive. Sianul has said that a CD or DVD consumes 16gms of polycarbonate,
which is a petroleum by-product. While a CD costs Rs. 15, his paper or plastic-made RVD
will cost just about Rs. 1.50 and will even have 131 times more storage capacity.
Using this technology an A4 sheet of paper could store 256GB of data. In comparison, a
DVD can store 4.7GB of data.
Fig 4.0: Comparision with other storage devices
 FLOPPY DISK : Only 1.44MB of space
 USB memory stick(Pen-drive): Available from 1GB to 36GB.
 CD/DVD‟s :
CD‟s have storage space up to 700MB
DVD‟s have storage space 4.5 to 17GB
 HARD DISK : Can hold anything from 3.75MB to 3 TB

Rainbow Technology
4.1 ADVANTAGES
 Data can be stored on an ordinary paper.
 Larger amount of data can be had on lesser space.
 The extremely low-cost technology will drastically reduce the cost of storage and
provide for high speed storage too.
 Files in any format like movie files, songs, images, text can be stored using this
technology.
 Abideen claims that huge data banks can be constructed out of Rainbow-based
storage medium.
 Biodegradable nature of the storage devices would do away with the e-waste
pollution.
 With the help of disposable storage, a high density data storage is made possible
even on paper or plastic sheets, any type of computer files can be stored and
distributed this way, so instead of giving cd‟s with the computer magazines, its
content can be printed in a page, video albums, software etc.Can be distributed
at a very low cost with the help disposable storage
 Rainbow cards can be used in mobile devices in place of DVDs & VCDs.In a
square inch sized rainbow cards, (equivalent to the size of sim card)more than
5GB data can be stored. A major crisis faced in the design of the small digital
devices is the huge size of the CD/DVD drives. The rainbow cards can solve this
problem.Un-authorized copies of the films can be controlled to a certain limits
using these cards. A UK-based company has already evinced interest in making
rainbow cards
 Another theme put forward by rainbow technology is the Data Banks; it is huge
server with a high storage capacity. As per a research project done in US in 2003
to store the avaible static data (films, songs, tutorials presentations etc.)the
server required will cost $500 crores(23000 crores).But by using data banks ,a

Rainbow Technology
similar server can be made with Rs.35 lacks.All;the available films and other
static data can be used by paying cash with the internet. Almost 125.603 PB data
storage is possible in a Data Bank.
 Un-authorized copies of the films can be controlled to a certain limit using these
cards.
4.2 DISADVANTAGES
 The paper has the tendency to fade away hence the data loss may occur.With the
extremely low cost of using this technology we can always afford to have multiple
copies

Rainbow Technology
5.0 APPLICATION
 It can be used for faster audio transfer over the internet with much less
interference
 Morphing can be implemented to modify vocal information
 It can be used in identification systems
 As it is said earlier that we are going to implement it for audio and text file ,it can
be developed for storing video files, images and any other data.
 It can be used for faster audio transfer over the internet with much less
interference
 It is more confidential then any other storage device
 It can be used in identification systems

Rainbow Technology
6.0 FUTURE SCOPE
 The developer is simultaneously moulding the technology into 'Rainbow
Cards' which will be of SIM card size and store 5 GB of data equivalent to
three films of DVD quality.
 As 'Rainbow Cards' will become Popular, Rainbow Card Readers will replace
CD drives of mobile phone and computer notebooks.
 Large scale manufacture of the Rainbow card will bring down its cost to just
50 paise.

Rainbow Technology
7.0 CONCLUSION
Once the Rainbow technology is in, soon we would be watching full-length high-
definition videos from a piece of paper! With the popularity of the Rainbow Technology,
computer or fashion magazines in future need not carry CDs in a pack.
One of the major advantages of the Rainbow system is the fact that it should cost a lot
less to produce than the typical polycarbonate DVDs, CDs and now Blue-rays. Huge
data banks can be constructed out of Rainbow-based storage medium. Huge data
banks can be constructed out of Rainbow-based storage medium.

Rainbow Technology
8.0 REFERENCES
[1] Peter N.Yianilos, Sumeet Sobti, “The Evolving Field of Distributed Storage”,
IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING, 1089-7801/01© 2001 IEEE.
[2] "Data Can Now Be Stored on Paper" by M. A. Siraj, Arab News (published
November 18, 2006; accessed November 29, 2006).
[3] Store 256GB on an A4 sheet" by Chris Mellor, Techworld (published November
24, 2006; accessed November 29, 2006).
[4] http://news.techworld.com/storage/7424/store-256gb-on-an-a4-sheet
[5] http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1013362/paper-storage-misunderstood.

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