A series of lectures by Dr. Barry Raphael on Airway-focused orthodontics from 2013 Chapter 3: How Evolutionary Medicine and anthropology informs Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

1. Airway Orthodontics
A lecture series prepared by
Dr. Barry Raphael
Of the
Raphael Center for Integrative Orthodontics
Clifton, NJ.
www.alignmine.com
www.myobracenj.com
“Darwinian Orthodontics” - 2013
1Thursday, June 6, 13

2. •Animations are not included in this archive and may
affect the meaning or intent of the slide
•As the information in these presentations is
constantly evolving, please consider the date of creation
when reviewing the material.
2Thursday, June 6, 13

3. Are we developing the way
our genes meant us to be?
Are Current Norms based on our developed Genotype?
Or on current Phenotype?
3Thursday, June 6, 13

4. George Catlin
• Lawyer, artist, amateur anthropologist
•Documented native populations in North and
South America
• Children had straight teeth
•The health of native tribes deteriorated after
introduction to modern ways
•Whisky and sugar
4Thursday, June 6, 13

5. James Sim Wallace
1869 - 1951
ESSAY ON THE
IRREGULARITIES OF THE
TEETH : WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO A THEORY OF
CAUSATION AND THE
PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION
AND TREATMENT
1904
5Thursday, June 6, 13

6. James Sim Wallace
1869 - 1951
6Thursday, June 6, 13

7. Westin Price
•Dentist in Cleveland, OH
•Traveled worldwide
•“primitives” on their traditional diets
•freedom from decay,
•stalwart bodies,
•resistance to disease
•fine characters
•beautiful, straight teeth.
1870-1948
•Malocclusion is a product of the
diet of industrialized societies
7Thursday, June 6, 13

8. Before and After “civilization”
8Thursday, June 6, 13

9. Robert Corruccini
•Anthropologist
•Southern Illinois U
• Studies epidemiology of malocclusion
•Native populations all over the Earth
“Village dwelling Punjabi youths show significantly better
dental occlusion and respiratory allergies than their city-
dwelliing counterparts” - Angle Orthodontist 1985
Robert S. Corruccini, How Anthropology Informs the
Orthodontic Diagnosis of Malocclusion’s Causes. 1999.
Edwin Mellen Press, ISBN 0-7734-7980-5.
9Thursday, June 6, 13

10. Daniel Lieberman
• Harvard
• Prof Human Evolutionary Biology
•“The Evolution of the Human Head” - 2011
Our heads do not necessarily grow
the way genetics alone intends them
to grow.
Variations in one part or another
indirectly affects all parts of the final
facial shape.
10Thursday, June 6, 13

11. Neese and Williams - 1991
11Thursday, June 6, 13

12. 12Thursday, June 6, 13

13. Neese and Williams - 1991
13Thursday, June 6, 13

14. Obesity
Hypertension
Cardiovascular Disease
Type 2 Diabetes
Fatty Liver Disease
Some Cancers
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Civilization
Western Lifestyle Diseases
Metabolic Syndrome
Asthma
Autism
Asperger’s
Alzheimers
ADD/ADHD
Depression
Chronic Back Pain
Caries
Malocclusion
Sleep Apnea
14Thursday, June 6, 13

15. • Darwinian Dentistry
• Nutritionist, Pedodontist,
anthropologist
•Indiana U. Northwest
•The genetics of our mouths (and
bodies) were developed in a very
different world than the one we live
in now
Kevin Boyd
Malocclusion is not genetic
15Thursday, June 6, 13

16. Peter Gluckman
“ …(malocclusion) is a relatively new phenomenon in
the human population and we do not find it in skeletons
until after the seventeenth century. ”
16Thursday, June 6, 13

17. Scott Gilbert
“… jaw anomalies (malocclusions wherein the teeth cannot fit
properly in the jaw) are relatively new to European
populations. Well-preserved skeletons from the 15th and 16th
centuries show almost no malocclusion in the population….”
17Thursday, June 6, 13

18. Clark Spencer Larsen
• Ohio State U
• Bioarcheology
• Studying the health, quality of life,
adaptation, and lifestyle during the last
10,000 years of human evolution.
“Over the past 10,000 years there has been a trend
toward rounder skulls with smaller faces and jaws.
This began with the rise in farming and the increasing use
of cooking, which began around 10,000 years ago.”
18Thursday, June 6, 13

19. 19Thursday, June 6, 13

20. SOFT TISSUE DYSFUNCTION
Comparison of Unsupported vs Supported Growth
20Thursday, June 6, 13

21. Angle Orthodontist - 1981
James McNamara
21Thursday, June 6, 13

22. 49.3% retrusive
22Thursday, June 6, 13

23. James McNamara
v
23Thursday, June 6, 13

24. 69.6%Vertical Excess
24Thursday, June 6, 13