This document summarizes key information about HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a spherical virus that contains two copies of RNA and reverse transcriptase enzyme. It infects CD4+ lymphocytes.
- HIV infection progresses from acute infection to asymptomatic infection to symptomatic infection characterized by opportunistic infections.
- Common opportunistic infections include Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, Candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy using combinations of reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors can control HIV replication and symptoms. However, no effective vaccine currently exists due to high mutation rates of the virus.
The new virus has made the jump from pigs to humans and has demonstrated it can also pass from human to human. This is why it is demanding so much attention from health authorities. The virus passes from human to human like other types of flu, either through coughing, sneezing, or by touching infected surfaces, although little is known about how the virus acts on humans.
The new virus has made the jump from pigs to humans and has demonstrated it can also pass from human to human. This is why it is demanding so much attention from health authorities. The virus passes from human to human like other types of flu, either through coughing, sneezing, or by touching infected surfaces, although little is known about how the virus acts on humans.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infects cells of the immune system and destroys or impairs their function.
Infection progressive deterioration of the immune system breaking down the body's ability to fight out infections & diseases by opportunistic bacteria, viruses and fungi.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection and a collection of signs and symptoms caused by more than 20 opportunistic infections or related cancers.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infects cells of the immune system and destroys or impairs their function.
Infection progressive deterioration of the immune system breaking down the body's ability to fight out infections & diseases by opportunistic bacteria, viruses and fungi.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection and a collection of signs and symptoms caused by more than 20 opportunistic infections or related cancers.
HIV infection
Mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis, scope of AIDS vaccine.
This is an informative, illustrated presentation about the causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention of HIV AIDS. Gives relevant data, facts and statistics about the disease updated to the most recent 2010 data.
AIDS stands for: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections.
Since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s, an unprecedented number of people have been affected by the global AIDS epidemic. Today, there are an estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV and AIDS worldwide.
http://www.pediatricdentists.blogspot.com
All topics required for the BDS students in the chapter "RETROVIRUSES: HIV" is included in this ppt in a short and concise manner for better understanding. Please go through your books and use this ppt for revision purposes.
THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT IS HIV AND HOW IT DESTRUCT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THEN LEADS TO AIDS. PRESENTATION ALSO EXPLAINS THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV, ITS TREATMENT
WHY WE DONT HAVE VACCINE FOR HIV AND WHAT ARE THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT..
I HOPE IT WILL EXPLAIN WELL ABOUT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS, MAY PROVE USEFUL FOR YOU GUYS.....
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Phone Us ❤85270-49040❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Surat By Surat @ℂall @Girls Hotel With...
Aids
1. It is the progressive state of immunodeficiency, caused by the organism,
HUMAN IMMUNO DEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
MORPHOLOGY
HIV is a spherical enveloped virus, about 90-120 nm in diameter.
It contains two identical copies of single stranded RNA genome
In association of with viral RNA is the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
The virus core is surrounded by a nucleocapsid composed of protein
The virus contains a lipoprotein envelope
The major virus coded envelope glycoprotein are the projecting spikes on
the surface and the anchoring transmembrane pedicles
2. Sexual contact
Parenteral transmission
Perinatal transmission
CLINICAL FEATURES
HIV infects all cells expressing at their surface the CD4 antigen,
which is the receptor for the virus.
It infects primarily the CD4+ lymphocytes
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR HIV INFECTIONS
AND AIDS (centre for disease control, USA)
3. Group 1 : acute HIV infection
Group 2 : asymptomatic infection
Group 3 : persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
Group 4 :
Subgroup A : constitutional disease
Subgroup B : neurological disease
Subgroup C : secondary infectious disease
Subgroup D : secondary cancers
Subgroup E : other conditions
ACUTE HIV INFECTIONS
The illness is chacterised by acute onset of fever, malaise, sore throat, myalgia, arthralgia, skin rash and lymphadenopathy
ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS
This includes all infected persons who are usually well. They show positive HIV antibody tests, and are infectious
PERSISTENT GENERALISED LYMPHADENOPATHY
Enlargement of lymph nodes is seen
SYMPTOMATIC HIV INFECTIONS
When CD4+ lymphocytes count falls below 400 mm3, the patient may develop symptoms like fever, diarrhoea, weight loss, night sweats
and opportunistic infections
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND MALGNANCIES COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIV
INFECTIONS
BACTERIAL
1. Mycobacterial infections – tuberculosis and non tuberculosis infections
2. M. avium complex
3. Salmonellosis
5. 2. Cryptosporidiosis
3. Isosporiasis
4. Generalised strongyloidiasis
MALIGNANCIES
1. Kaposi’s sarcoma
2. B cell lymphoma or non Hodgkins lymphoma
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
1. Patients with AIDS are at greater risk for bacterial, viral, fungal infections of the mouth
2. Dental caries and gingivitis may occur
3. Acute ulcerative gingivitis may act as an indicator that the patient may hav aids
4. Herpes simplex infections may be present as multiple, deeper, more painful oral lesions in
patients with aids
5. Hair leukoplakia is an early sign of immunodefeciancy, induced by Epstein barr virus
6. Candidiasis may be present in most patients with HIV infections, asymptomatic
erythematous lesions of candidiasis, angular chelitis, mucocutaneous candidiasis are seen
6.
7. RANGE OF SURGERY IN HIV PATIENTS
1. ANORECTAL DISEASE: It is the most frequent reason for surgical treatment in HIV patients, seen
commonly in homosexuals, grouped together as “ AIDS ANUS SYNDROME”
CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS :
a. Anal warts, diarrhoe
b. Incontinence in homosexuals
2. ABDOMINAL PAIN: it is due to gastrointestinal oppurtinistic infection, usually caused by
cytomegalovirus. It is a type of colitis, produces abdominal pain, cramps, loose stools, blood and mucous
in stools
a. APPENDICITIS: is alsocommon due to CMV
b. ABDOMINAL LYMOHOMA , with involvement of liver and spleen also causes abdominal pain
c. SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN: may be due to perforation of small or large bowel which should be treated
as an emergency
3. LYMPHOMA & KAPOSI’S SARCOMA: they are due to reduced cellular immunity, due to following
reason:
a. Immunosuppresion used in organ transplantation
b. Severe malnourishment
c. HIV infection
d. Lymphoproliferative disease
Kaposi’s sarcoma can affect skin surface, gastro intestinal tract from mouth to anus, lungs etc. It present
as pigmented multifocal skin lesions
10. 4. OESOPHAGAL ULCERS: can present and odynophagia. Endoscopy should de done by using a
glove & the scope should be washed thoroughly with soap & water and immersed in cetremide
solution for 15 min
5. Very often surgeons are called for lymph node biopsy for evaluation of fever or generalized
lymphadenopathy.
DIAGNOSIS OF AIDS
An individual with opportunistic infections, lymphopenia, low CD4 but relatively normal CD8 in
the pheripheral blood, raised IgG & IgA levels & poor skin tests to common recall antigens may
well have AIDS, particularly if they come from group at risk
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
1. Antigen detection , p24 is the earliest virus marker to appear in the blood. ELISA can be used
for detection of this antigen
2. Detection of virus nucleic acid, through polymerase chain reaction(pcr)
3. Antibody detection
a. Screening tests
ELISA TEST
RAPID TEST
SIMPLE TEST
b. Supplemental tests
WESTERN BLOT TESTS
11. PROPHYLAXIS
No effective vaccine has yet been found out. High rate of mutation of virus has made difficulty
in developing the vaccine
ANTIRETROVIAL THERAPY (ART)
Specific treatment with antiretroviral drugs is the mainstay in the management of HIV infections. HIGHLY ACIVE
ANTIRETROVIAL THERAPY (HAART) is effective in inhibition of HIV replication in most of the HIV infected individuals
NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCIPTASE INHIBITORS
ZIDOVUDINE
LAMIVUDINE
STAVUDINE
NON NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
NEVIRAPINE
DELAVIRIDINE
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
SAQUINAVIR
RITONAVIR
LOPINAVIR
INDINAVIR
TIPRANAVIR
12. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS TO BE FOLLOWED ARE
IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT
Any patients with open wounds, gloves are worn when examining thepatient
Hand gloves and eye protection durng flexible endoscopy
Use disposable instruments
Reusuable instruments like endoscope are washed with soap & water and immersed in gluterldehyde
soln
No surgical procedures involving sharp instruments is performed in the OPD
IN OPERATING ROOM
Operation room is covered with single sheet of polythene
The no of threatre personel is reduced to minimum
The staff with abrasions & lacerations on their hands are not allowed inside the threatre
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
Avoid sharp injury
Prefer scissors to scalpel
Use skin clips
Avoid needle stick injury
Proper autoclaving at the end of surgery