The document discusses the history and culture of groups in the Agusan Valley region in Mindanao, Philippines. It describes the Agusan Manobo people as the prominent ethnic group in Agusan province, known for weaving and crafts. It also discusses the Lumad people, the original inhabitants of Mindanao composed of 18 ethnic groups. Finally, it provides details on Maranao arts from Southern Philippines, focusing on geometric okkir designs and cultural structures like the Torogan ancestral home.

2. Agusan Marsh
Agusan River
The Agusan tara

3. BUTUAN
Located in the northeastern part
of the Agusan Valley
Cebuano, Butuanon, and Tagalog
Its recorded history span for 1638
years.

4. BUTUAN are known for its
crafts made of gold
Gold sash Golden
dagger

5. Belts, earrings, bowls, pins, and
even facial coverings made of
GOLD have been excavated in
many parts of Butuan

6.  The golden face cover and
headbands from Butuan have
inscriptions or motifs of:
niaga or waves
snake
dragon

7. AGUSAN MANOBO
Agusan is located in the northeastern
part of Mindanao
The most prominent ethnic group in
the area ar the Manobos
Known as great weavers and
artisans
They were able to maintain their
customs and traditions
Occupies the provinces from
Sarangani, Surigao, and Agusan

8. The LUMADS
are the un-Islamized and un-Christianized
Asutronesian people composed of around 18
ethno-linquistic groups in Mindanao
Lumads include:
Atta, Bagobo, Banwaon, B’laan, Bukidnon,
Dibabawon, Higaonon, Mamanwa, Mandaya,
Manguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Subanon,
Tagakaolo, Tasaday, Tboli, Teduray and Ubo

9. The Okkir or Okkil
refers to a geometric and flowing
designs based on leaf and vine
patterns.
this is the distinguishing marks of the
Maranao arts and Muslim-influenced
artworks in Southern Philippines and
in other southeast Asian countries.
Two types of Okir
Male designs are called okir a dato
Female designs are called okir a bay

10. Torogan – an ancetral home of the highest
titleholder in a Maranao village
Panolong – a protruding carved beams in front of
the house and styled with okir

12. • naga motif
• sarimanok
motif