4. Agronomic approaches
1. Choice of crops and varieties
( Silim .1993) found 49% variation in lentil lines
was a result of early flowering leading to
drought escape .
In southern Australia and Northern south Asia
average temperature at flowering <14-16°C
cause terminal drought
Hence Sonali and Rupali are two varieties
tolerant to chilling (Clarke .2005)
5. Table. 1 Performance of contingent crops during
delayed onset of monsoon
Punjab
AICRPDA
6. 2.Planting date
• In Turkey delay in sowing by 6-9 wks
eliminates blight and yield also reduced
(Dusunceli et al.,2007)
• In Australia early sowing of lentil in april or
may gives higher yield (Siddeque et al.,)
7. Table. 2 Performance of medium duration fingermillet
cv.under delayed onset of monsoon
AICRPDA
8. Performance of medium duration fingermillet cv. GPU-
28 under delayed onset of monsoon in 2012
9. 3.Sowing depth
• The effect of three sowing depths (2.5, 5 and 10 cm) on
the growth and yield of these pulses was studied at
three locations across three seasons in the cropping
regions of south-western Australia, with a
Mediterranean-type environment.
• Mean seed yields across sites ranged from 810 to
2073 kg ha−1 for chickpea, 817–3381 kg ha−1 for faba
bean, and 1173–2024 kg ha−1 for lentil. In general,
deep sowing did not reduce seed yields, and in some
instances, seed yield was greater at the deeper sowings
for chickpea and faba bean. optimum sowing depth for
chickpea and faba bean is 5–8 cm, and for lentil 4–
6 cm.(Siddique and Loss .,1998)
10. 4.Seed priming
• Pretreatment of seeds by various
methods in order to improve seed
germination rate, percentage
germination, and improve uniformity
of seedling emergence by controlling
the water available in the seed.
11. Contd.....
• Pearl Millet / Cotton / Sunflower - 2% KCl
• Sorghum / Maize -2%KH2PO4
• Black gram - 100 ppm ZnSO4
• Green gram - 100 ppm MgSO4
• Gingelly - Water soaking for 3 hours
12. Table 4. Comparison of means for seed priming effects
on cowpea for field emergence and establishment
KAZEMI 2001Iran
18. 7.Intercropping
• Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice
involving growing two or more crops in
proximity. The most common goal of
intercropping is to produce a greater yield on
a given piece of land by making use of
resources
22. Rain water conservation
• In-situ rain water conservation.
Continue Continuous Strench After plantation
Earthen Bund Before Earthen Bund After
Plantation
23.
24. Table. 7 Effect of in-situ moisture conservation in fingermillet +
pigeon pea (8:2) intercropping system during 2012
Intervention Rain
fall
(mm)
Crop
duration
(days)
Net
Returns
(Rs. /ha)
B:C
Ratio
Yield
(kg/ha)
Straw Yield
(kg/ha)
Finger millet +
pigeonpea (8:2) with
conservation furrow
350 154 2106 4296 28642 2.72
Farmers' practice
(Sole
fingermillet in Akkadi
system and no
conservation furrow)
247 120 1770 4030 22173 2.36
Finger millet yield
AICRPDA
25. Table. 8 Performance of cotton (RCH II) with supplemental
irrigation from harvested rainwater
Thoothukkudi district, Tamil Nadu AICRPDA
26. Table. 9 Managing mid-season droughts with supplemental
irrigation of pond water
Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh AICRPDA
31. Contd........
• Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) sprayed
at various rates and times with phenylmercuric acetate
(PMA), atrazine, and Folicote. Mean grain yield
increases of 5 to 17% were obtained, indicating
considerable economic possibility. Rates of application
required were aproximately 60 g/ha for PMA, 130 g/ha
for atrazine, and 2 liters/ha for Folicote.(Fuehring
.1972)
32. Conclusions
• The all above agronomic approaches helps
directly or indirectly in stress management .
• Somehow certain approaches laborious and
but those are important.
• Antitranspirants reduce photosynthesis .