Agro technology of barley
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Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop after wheat, maize, and rice. It originated in Asia and Ethiopia and was one of the first crops domesticated along with wheat and peas. Barley is grown for both animal feed and human consumption products. It is well adapted to temperate regions and can tolerate drought and salinity better than other cereals. In Pakistan, barley is grown on around 80,000 hectares annually, producing around 78,000 metric tons, with most production occurring in the provinces of Deir, Bahawalnager, and Bajour agency.
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Common name, botanical name,use & benefits, distribution , some facts, improved Verity, plant botany and seed, nutrition value, seed rate sowing time,intercroping and crop geometry , soil and climate,weed management,desease and pest mangement , harvesting and storage, yield
Soybean 1005.pptx
Soybean is a leguminous plant with scientific name Glycine max. It is a self-pollinating plant domesticated in China 7000 BC. Soybean is an economically important crop as it contains 20% oil and 40% protein. It is used for edible oil, animal feed, and fuel. Soybean grows best in tropical and temperate zones with temperatures around 15-20°C and high rainfall. It is planted between July-August, harvested 92-120 days later, and threshed after drying. Varieties grown in Pakistan include AARI and Faisal soybeans.
RICE-1.pptx
1. Rice is an important staple crop grown in over 155 million hectares globally. The two main cultivated species are Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima.
2. Rice cultivation requires warm and humid conditions, with temperatures between 21-37°C being optimal. Flooded paddy fields are commonly used.
3. In India, rice is grown in various seasons like Aus, Aman, and Boro. Transplanting seedlings is a common planting method and involves puddling soil and maintaining flooded fields.
Lecture 6. Rapeseed and Mustard related topics
This document provides an overview of rapeseed and mustard crops. It discusses their origin, importance, cultivation practices, varieties, and yield. Key points include: rapeseed and mustard are important oilseed crops in India; major varieties include Indian mustard, brown sarson, yellow sarson, and toria; they require cool temperatures and are grown in both irrigated and rainfed conditions following common practices like land preparation, sowing, fertilizer application, and weed control. Average yields reported are 1-2 tons/hectare for irrigated crops and 1-1.5 tons/hectare for rainfed crops.
Rabi crops 1
This document provides information on principles and practices of rabi crops. It discusses the importance of various crops including cereals, pulses, oilseeds, sugar crops, medicinal plants, and forages. It notes that cereals have been a staple food since prehistoric times. Wheat is the world's number one cereal crop in area. It discusses the food value and importance of various cereals including wheat. It provides details on the classification, origin, importance and cultivation practices of wheat. It also discusses various growth stages in wheat and suitable wheat varieties. The document concludes by discussing constraints in wheat production including biotic stresses like various diseases and pests, abiotic stresses like drought and heat, weed problems, and other constraints related
seed album - Copy.pdf
- Sorghum bicolar is a major food crop grown in South Asia, Africa, and Central America. It is well adapted to warm, dry climates.
- India has the largest area of sorghum cultivation, accounting for 32.3% of global production. Common varieties grown include Phule mauli and Phule chitra.
- Sorghum grows well in medium to deep black soils and can tolerate a wide range of soil pH. It requires minimum temperatures of 7-10°C for germination and 15°C for growth, with optimal temperatures of 27-30°C.
Barley seed production
This document provides information on seed production of barley. It discusses barley varieties suitable for different regions and conditions in India, agronomic practices for seed production such as land selection, isolation distances, seed treatment, sowing methods, fertilizer and irrigation requirements. It also covers weed, disease and insect management, harvesting techniques and post-harvest storage practices for barley seed production.
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Agro technology of barley
- 2. AGRO-TECHNOLOGY OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare) BY M. RAFIQUE SHAHZAD 2008-ag-2520
- 3. Contents Introduction Uses History & Origin Area & Production Crop botany Climate & Soil Production Technology
- 4. Introduction Barley is a rabbi cereal grain crop Ranked 4th in cereal Locally called ‘jao’(Urdu) Old English word “Beare” Latin word farina "flour" The Old English word for 'barley' was bære First citation of the form bærlic in the Oxford English Dictionary dates to around 966 AD
- 5. Uses • Animal feed • Health food • Algicide • Beverages • Bakery products
- 6. History & Origin Barley was one of the first agricultural domesticates together with wheat, peas etc. Being grown by babylians, Chinese Originated in Asia & Ethiopia Production started in Mesopotamia Earliest remains reported in 8000 B.C. in Iran Staple cereal of ancient Egypt
- 7. Top ten barley producers (million metric tone) Russia 17.9 France 12.9 Germany 12.3 Ukraine 11.8 Canada 9.5 Australia 8.1 Turkey 7.3 United Kingdom 6.8 United States 4.9 Poland 4.0 World total 152 Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organization(FAO)
- 8. Area & Production World wide Area : 56.6 M ha Production : 152 M tonns In Pakistan Area : 0.08 M ha Production : 0.078 M tonns Mostly grown in Deir , Bahawalnager, khuzdar, Chitral, Bajour agency etc. Bajour contributes 20% of country`s production
- 9. Family Poaceae Self pollinated Monocot Diploid with 14 chromosome Inflorescence is spike Has short duration than wheat Glumes contain 3 florets Crop Botany
- 10. Scientific Classification Kingdom -------------------- Plantae Phylum -------------------- Spermatophyta Class -------------------- Monocotyledons Order -------------------- Cyperales Family -------------------- Poaceae Genus ------------------- Hordeum Species ------------------- Hordeum vulgare
- 11. Locality & Soil Adapted to temperate region Optimum temperature range is 15 -20 ⁰c Productive even under adverse condition Min. 200-250 precipitation required More efficient water user Drought & moderately salt tolerant crop Well drained loams to clay loam soil Usually planted on lass fertile marginal land
- 12. Production Technology Seed bed preparation 2-3 ploughing with planking Seed rate 30-35 kg/acre Germination more than 85% Weed free Free from insect pest and disease infestation Seed Treatment : Topsin-M , Benlate @ 2g/kg seed
- 15. Time of sowing Mid Oct. to Mid Nov. Methods of sowing • Broadcasting Line Sowing: R-R: 9” Can be sown by : • Wet Method • Dry Method
- 16. Irrigation 2-4 at critical growth stages At Tillering stage Booting stage Grain filling stage Fertilizer requirement 50:25 NP kg/acre 1 bag DAP +1.5 bag Urea Urea applied in split doses in irrigated areas
- 17. Weed managment Important weeds Convolvulus arvensis(Lehli) Avena fatua(Wild Oat) Cyperus rotundus(Deala) Chenopodium album(Bathu) Better adapted to compete with weeds Minimum need of weeding & interculture IWM best option
- 18. Plant protection Insect pests Termites , Cutworms , Army worm , Aphids , Shoot fly , Surface grass hopper Diseases Powdery Mildew, karnal bunt, Loose smut of Barley, Rust IPM is best option
- 19. Harvesting & Storage Done earlier than wheat Harvested at physiological maturity Heads bend when over mature Done by sickle or through Reaper Threshing by wheat thresher Sun dried for 2 or 3 days Moisture content should be less than 12%