Sorghum Crop Reported by M.Saleem from IUB
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Sorghum, also known as jowar, is an important cereal crop cultivated primarily for grain and fodder. It originated in Africa and was later spread to India, China, and the United States, which is now the largest producer. Sorghum grows well in hot, dry climates and prefers loamy soils. It requires good seedbed preparation and sowing is done from June to July. Main varieties grown include Hegari, JS-2002 and JS-263. Fertilizers like DAP and urea are applied to boost yields. Pests like bugs and diseases like ergot and leaf blight impact production. Average yields in Pakistan are estimated at 1361 kg/ha.
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Scientific Name : Abelmoschus esculentus
Family : Malvaceae,
Chromosome number : 2n=72, 108,130
Origin : Asiatic region /Etthiopea/Africa.
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This document outlines the stages of agricultural development from hunting and gathering to early domestication of plants and animals. It discusses the origins and history of major crops worldwide like soybeans, sorghum, maize, and rice, tracing their domestication to regions in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Key crops in the Philippines are also introduced, including coconut, banana, mango, pineapple and their origins in Southeast Asia or Americas.
RICE-1.pptx
1. Rice is an important staple crop grown in over 155 million hectares globally. The two main cultivated species are Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima.
2. Rice cultivation requires warm and humid conditions, with temperatures between 21-37°C being optimal. Flooded paddy fields are commonly used.
3. In India, rice is grown in various seasons like Aus, Aman, and Boro. Transplanting seedlings is a common planting method and involves puddling soil and maintaining flooded fields.
Wild crop relatives in Egyptian flora and its future prospectives
Dr. Wafaa Amer, Professor of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science , Cairo University - IUCN (WCR -MEMBER) - Ex: Director of Nature Conservation Sector.
First National Meeting to Enhance Ownership of National Strategy for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
2 April 2014 -Cairo, Egypt.
© FAO: http://www.fao.org
Learning Science
The students from Tapovan School visited several millet fields to learn about different types of millets grown in India, including pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, and maize. They observed fields of pearl millet, finger millet, rice, pigeon peas, and maize. The document provided background information on the cultivation and uses of these important crops in India and other parts of the world. It described how millets are small-seeded grasses grown in drought-prone areas and are dietary staples in many countries.
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Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
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Cowpea, also known as lobia, black eyed pea, or raawan, is an important crop that is used for food, fodder, and improving soil fertility. It grows well in sub-tropical climates with temperatures around 30°C and tolerates heat and drought. Cowpea is cultivated in properly drained sandy loam soils with a pH between 5.0-6.5. Seedbed preparation involves plowing and leveling the field, followed by line sowing of seeds at 10cm spacing and 50cm row spacing. Cowpea is harvested 75-125 days after sowing when the pods dry. Yields of 800-1000kg per acre can be obtained using recommended production
Soybean 1005.pptx
Soybean is a leguminous plant with scientific name Glycine max. It is a self-pollinating plant domesticated in China 7000 BC. Soybean is an economically important crop as it contains 20% oil and 40% protein. It is used for edible oil, animal feed, and fuel. Soybean grows best in tropical and temperate zones with temperatures around 15-20°C and high rainfall. It is planted between July-August, harvested 92-120 days later, and threshed after drying. Varieties grown in Pakistan include AARI and Faisal soybeans.
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- Potato is the fourth major food crop worldwide after rice, wheat and maize. It is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
- India is the second largest producer of potatoes globally. The major potato producing states are Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Punjab and Gujarat.
- For successful potato cultivation, appropriate variety selection, soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, pest management and harvest are required. Proper agronomic practices are needed to achieve optimal yield.
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Lucerne, also known as alfalfa or Medicago sativa, is a perennial legume used widely as animal fodder. It is highly nutritious, palatable, and drought tolerant. Lucerne fixes nitrogen in the soil and can be harvested frequently, providing multiple cuts per year. It grows well in deep, drained soils and various climates. While high in protein, vitamins, and minerals, Lucerne also presents some risks like bloat in ruminants and reduced fertility if consumed before breeding.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
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Sorghum Crop Reported by M.Saleem from IUB
- 1. “Production Technology of Sorghum” Submitted To: Dr. Muhammad Aurangzaib Submitted By: Muhammad Saleem Roll No: B-025 4th Semester (Section B) TheIslamiaUniversityOfBahawalpur
- 2. Sorghum
- 3. Local Name: Jowar / Jawar Botanical Name: Sorghum bicolor L. Family: Poaceae Botanical Description
- 4. History & Origin Early domestication in Africa. Sorghum spread throughout Africa. Sorghum then spread to India & China. One of the top five cereal crops in world. United States are largest producer.
- 5. Economic Importanceo Feed for livestock. o Major food crop in Africa. o Mostly cultivated for grains. o Grass used to make Hay & Fodder. o High in Carbohydrates, with 10% Protein & 3.4% Fat.
- 6. Climate & Soil It is Tropical Crop. Prefers Hot, Dry Climate. Heavy, Loamy Soils are most Suitable. Grows all types of Soils except Saline & Waterlogged.
- 7. Land Preparation Requires good seedbed. 1 ploughing with iron plough. 2 ploughings with cultivator along with planking.
- 8. Seed Rate (For Broadcast & Line Sowing Method) • 75-80 kg/ha for Fodder Crop • 20-25 kg/ha for Grain Purpose
- 9. Sowing Time o For Fodder in March-August o For Grain June-July
- 10. Sowing Methods Broadcast Method Line Sowing Method R×R = 40-50 cm P×P = 10-15 cm
- 11. Growth StagesEmergence 3-Leaf 5-Leaf FloralInitiation EmergingFlag Leaf Booting Anthesis SoftDough HardDough Maturity Vegetative Growth Reproductive Stage Grain Filling & Maturity (0 – 30 Days) (30 – 60 Days) (60 – 90 Days)
- 12. Varieties • Hegari • JS – 2002 • JS – 263 • Chakwal – 2008
- 13. Fertilizers DAP = 125 kg/ha Urea = 75 kg/ha
- 14. Irrigation • 3-4 irrigations for March, June crops. • 1-2 irrigations for monsoon crops depending upon rainfall.
- 15. Weeds • Leaf Clover • Pigweed • Love Grass • Crowfoot Grass
- 16. Harvesting • Seed purpose crop is ready in November. • Harvest when grains have 21 – 24% moisture. • Leaves turned Yellow & Grains becomes hard.
- 17. Yield Yield estimated : 1361 kg/ha
- 18. Insect Pests • Bugs • Aphids • Beetles • Caterpillar • Yellow Moth
- 19. Disease • Ergot • Root & Stalk • Leaf Stripe • Leaf Blight • Leaf Spot