Field evaluation of tractor drawn cultivator

2. A
Seminar on
Industrial Attachment Programme
at
“INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED SONALIKA”
Presented by
Mr. Bhushan Madhukar Bhavar
Reg. No.: - EJ-04/2020
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering
Dr. Ulhas Patil College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Jalgaon.
affiliated to
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri.

3. Case study
Title: Field Evaluation of Tractor Drawn Cultivator with Rigid
Tines

4. Objective
To Evaluate the Field Performance of Tractor Drawn Cultivator with
Rigid Tines

5. Introduction
A cultivator is a secondary tillage implement used for pulverizing
and partly crushing the tilled and musty soil beds. .
Cultivator is a tractor-drawn implements used to prepare the soil
for farming.
They are used to remove weeds.
It comes in a variety of sizes and configurations, from small
handheld tools to large, tractor-mounted machines.
It is commonly used in gardening, landscaping, and farming
operations to prepare soil for planting and to control weeds
It can also be used as a primary tillage tool for breaking up un-
ploughed ground or as a secondary tillage tool for working soil
that has already been ploughed.

6. Types of Cultivator
There are four types of cultivator available, mentioning below:-
 Spring Tine Cultivator
 Rigid Tine Cultivator
 Duck Foot Cultivator
 Bar Point Cultivator

7. Rigid Tine Cultivator-
 Tractors fitted with hydraulic system operate the mounted type
cultivators.
 The tines are bolted between angle braces, fastened to the main
bars by sturdy clamps and bolts.
 Spacing of the tines are changed simply by slackening the bolts
and sliding the braces to the desired position.
 The tines are made of high carbon steel and are held in proper
alignment on the main frame members.

8. Cultivator Specifications
Type Rigid Type
Number of Tines 9
Material Mild Steel
Type of mounting 3 point Linkage
Overall Length (cm) 203.9
Overall Width (cm) 87.8
Overall Height (cm) 115.7
Total Approx. Weight (kg) 270kg
Suitable HP Range 40HP & above

9. Field Performance
Working Depth-
 The vertical distance between Shovel & ground level is referred as
depth of cut.
 To obtain accurate result, the depth should be measured at
minimum 5 places & its average taken.
Working Width-
 For determine working width, average of 5 runs should be taken.
 The measurement of composite width should be taken at
minimum 5 equidistant places in the direction of travel.
 Average working width should be determined.

10. Measuring Depth Measuring Width

11. Fuel Consumption
The fuel consumption is measured by the standard
method, the fuel tank was filled up to top level by keeping the
tractor on level land and after completing the operation, the fuel
tank was filled up again. The difference of two observations gave
the fuel consumed in the concerned operation.

12. Travel Reduction (Wheel Slippage)-
A mark was made on the tractor drive wheel with white
chalk and the distance the tractor moves forward at every 10
revolutions under no load and the same revolution with load on
same surface was measured. Expressed mathematically as:
T. R. (Wheel slip) =
𝑀2−𝑀1
𝑀2
× 100
Where, T.R. = travel reduction (%),
M2 = At no load
M1 = With load
Operating speed:
Operating speed was measured by a distance traveled in
specific time.

13. Field Capacity
 Effective field capacity-
The effective field capacity was determined by the following
formula:
E.F.C.
ℎ𝑎
ℎ𝑟
=
Area covered (ha)
Time taken (hr)
 Theoretical field capacity-
T.F.C.
ℎ𝑎
ℎ𝑟
=
Width of coverage (m) x Speed of travel (km/hr)
10
After getting both the values as above formula, the field efficiency
was calculated by the following formula :
 Field efficiency-
Field efficiency(%) =
Effective field capacity ℎ𝑎
ℎ𝑟
Theoretical field capacity ℎ𝑎
ℎ𝑟
× 100

14. Sr.
no
Parameters
Operations
I II III IV
1) Working Depth(cm) 12.76 12.84 12.94 13.27
2) Working Width (cm) 205.4 205.3 205.5 205.7
3) Operating Speed (km/hr) 3.70 3.68 4.13 4.38
4) Time Required for one hectare (hr) 1.76 1.80 1.63 1.58
5) Fuel consumption (lit/hr) 3.68 3.60 3.80 3.90
6) Percentage of Wheel Slippage (%) 3.60 3.50 4.10 4.77
FIELD PERFORMANCE OF SONALIKA RX 47 WITH CULTIVATOR
Field Performance Test:

15. Result:
Parameters Observations
Tractor Used Sonalika RX 47 Sikander
Type of Soil Medium Black
Land Levelling Levelled
Area Covered (ha/hr) 0.554-0.629
Fuel Consumption (lit/hr) 3.60-3.90
Effective Field Capacity (ha/hr) 0.591
Theoretical Field Capacity (ha/hr) 0.815
Field Efficiency (%) 72.51

16. Conclusion:
A cultivator is an agricultural tool used to get rid of weeds and
make a good place to plant seeds. Cultivators are also used to plough
and move the soil out of its place so that the soil can get more air and
the seeds can grow properly.
There are mostly four different kinds of cultivators: Disc harrows, tine
harrows, spring tine cultivators, and rigid tine cultivators. With the
invention of the motor and rotary cultivator, the use of cultivators in
farms for commercial purposes became common.
This was a big step forward in the agricultural industry. Now, the
cultivators are hooked up to tractors to work on bigger areas in less
time.

17. References
 Elements of agril. Engineering by Dr. Jagdiswar Sahay (S) Third
edition 1992.
 www.sonalika.com
 E-Krishi shiksha
 www.tractorjunction.com