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Agribusiness Management Worktext

This worktext is designed for students of agribusiness management at Pangasinan State University, focusing on the key principles of managing agribusiness ventures. It contains comprehensive resources, exercises, and assessments to foster understanding of agribusiness operations, market dynamics, and financial strategies. The goal is to equip students with the essential knowledge and skills needed to navigate agribusiness effectively and appreciate its role in the Philippine economy.

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2015 Pangasinan State University LINGAYEN CAMPUS Lingayen, Pangasinan PANGASINA N STATEU NIVERSIT Y PANGASINA N STATE U NIVERSITY 1979 AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT Jameson N. Estrada Pangasinan State University WORKTEXT
Agribusiness Management with the course code Econ 124 deals with the fundamentals of managing agribusiness ventures. It is concerned also with the management of problems and opportunities of agribusiness firms and related industries especially on the integrative arrangements that relate to decisions and operations of agribusiness firms and major commodity systems. To ensure the course objectives would be achieved, a need for a teaching resource material is necessary. Thus, this worktext has been prepared. The worktext is intended for use by students of AB Economics program taking up the subject Econ 124 with the objective of providing them with a comprehensive understanding about agribusiness management. Likewise, it has been designed as an instrument for learning development and assessment, providing students with a practical approach to applying the knowledge learned in the lectures. Each worktext covers exercises that is built upon the lessons of all the chapters with the following course outcomes: 1. Gain understanding on the fundamental agribusiness concepts and principles related to operation and management of agribusiness venture. 2. Discuss the basic frameworks in analyzing the logic, structure, conduct and behavior of agribusiness commodity system 3. Examine the nature and scope of agriculture. 4. Appreciate the vital role of the agribusiness sector in the Philippine economy and be motivated in the agribusiness activities which would initiate an opportunity for a better economy. 5. Explain the function and dynamics of the agricultural market by looking at the demand and supply analysis of agricultural products. 6. Learn how the agribusiness firms produce, process and market agricultural products to consumers. 7. Assess financial management strategies related to operation of agribusiness ventures. 8. Comprehend some business and management principles, tools, and functions. 9. Understand the nature and purpose of planning and analyze how to manage the planning process effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. 10. Understand the nature and purpose of organizing and analyze how to manage the organizing process effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. 11. Understand the nature and purpose of leading and analyze how to lead effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. 12. Understand the nature and purpose of controlling and analyze how to manage the controlling process effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. Bear in mind that it takes sustained effort – and some dedicated patience – to study and learn the subject. But, it is assured that the effort is well worth it. It is hoped this modest work helps you. So, the best of luck as you begin your journey in answering the worktext exercises! PREFACE
1 Introduction to Agribusiness Management 4 Agribusiness System 9 Nature and Scope of Agriculture 14 The Philippine Agricultural Sector and the Agribusiness Industry 18 The Market for Agricultural Products 21 Agricultural Market 24 Financial Management in Agribusiness 28 Management Today in Agribusiness 31 Planning and Decision Making in Agribusiness 35 Organizing in Agribusiness 38 Leading in Agribusiness 40 Controlling in Agribusiness PAGE CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks. Write the correct answer on the blank provided for to complete each of these statements. 1. ____________ studies how business firms manage agricultural business enterprise focusing on the managerial functions performed throughout the agribusiness sector. 2. Agribusiness management is a dynamic decision-making process that tends to maximize ____________ consistent with the agribusiness firm’s objectives. 3. Seeds, animal feeds, fertilizers, and farm equipment used in farm production are considered ____________ industry of agribusiness. 4. In essence, agribusiness consists of all industries surrounding food production, ultimate end-user is the, __________ with marketing as the driving force behind all profitable activities. 5. Commodity processing, food manufacturing and food distribution comprise the __________ industries of agribusiness. 6. “__________ to produce” pertains to agribusiness decision of choosing the agricultural or food product to be produced. 7. Agricultural __________ are various resources, supplies and services, which are used by agricultural producers to produce agricultural products. 8. In the agribusiness industry shelf life is important because agribusiness products are __________. 9. __________ involves all economic activity in the food system, which encompasses production distribution, processing and marketing of agricultural and food products. 10. Farmers who cultivate crops and livestock raisers are considered agricultural __________. 11. The agribusiness value chain starts with __________ as inputs to a production process. 12. __________ is a built-in function of agribusiness. EXERCISE 2 Classification. Determine the discipline in which the following topics are most likely covered. Write A for agriculture, E for economics and M for management. 13. Strategic planning _______ 14. Marketing _______ 15. Organizational control _______ 16. Quality control _______ 17. Demand and supply of agricultural products _______ 18. Aquaculture _______ 19. Crop and livestock _______ 20. Providing purposeful direction to the firm _______ 21. Managing for innovation _______ 22. Food processor _______ EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine whether the following forms of business is considered agribusiness. Write Y for yes and N for No. 23. Farming _______ 24. Petroleum and oil refinery _______ 25. Electronic commerce _______ 26. Seed supply _______ 27. Agrichemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) _______ 28. Selling of real properties _______ 29. Software development _______ 30. Farm equipment and machinery _______ 31. Business process outsourcing _______ 32. Food processing _______ 33. Electricity or sewage treatment _______ 34. Restaurants _______ 35. Repair shops and motor fuel filling stations _______ NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management 4
EXERCISE 4 Classification. Identify what category of agricultural resource or input does each of the following belong. Write LD for land, LR for labor, CL for capital and EP for entrepreneurship. 36. Tractor _______ 37. Pesticides _______ 38. Farm manager _______ 39. Fishermen _______ 40. Poultry housing _______ 41. Animal feed _______ 42. Grazing land _______ 43. Drip irrigation _______ 44. Rancher _______ 45. Seeds _______ EXERCISE 5 Classification. Determine whether the following is a crop or a livestock. Write C for crop and L for livestock. 46. Pigs _______ 47. Pineapples _______ 48. Moringa _______ 49. Wheat _______ 50. Goat _______ 51. Maize _______ 52. Strawberries _______ 53. Rice _______ 54. Horses _______ 55. Cows _______ EXERCISE 6 Classification. Determine whether each of the following is agricultural product or food product. Write AP for agricultural product and FP for food product. 56. Ketchup _______ 57. Soybeans _______ 58. Vinegar _______ 59. Meat products _______ 60. Cattle _______ 61. Tomatoes _______ 62. Potato Chips _______ 63. Corn Flakes _______ 64. Tobacco _______ 65. Cigarettes _______ EXERCISE 7 Classification. To which category of agribusiness industry does each of the following belong? Write I for input industry, A for agricultural production industry, V for value-added industry and S for support industry. 66. Seed supply _______ 67. Agricultural machinery _______ 68. Aquaculture _______ 69. Forest products _______ 70. Food preservation _______ 71. Agricultural cooperative _______ 72. Farmers’ loans from banking institutions _______ 73. Agrichemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) _______ 74. Farm subsidies from the government _______ 75. Crop insurance and consultancy _______ EXERCISE 8 Enumeration. Enumerate the following. A. Four Functions of Management B. Business Decision Questions of Agribusiness Management C. Consumption-related Features of Agricultural Products D. Production-related Features of Agricultural Products 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 5
EXERCISE 9 Analysis Questions. Provide a concise explanation on the following questions. 91. Explain why agribusiness is an essential part of any economic system. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 92. Explain the following statement: “Only one thing that can bring our nation down – our dependence on foreign countries for food and energy. Agriculture is the backbone of our economy.” – John Salazar, Colorado Commissioner of Agriculture. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 93. Identify one agribusiness firm and describe what makes it an agribusiness and how it operates in agribusiness system. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 94. Explain the difference between agricultural commodity and food product. Give five examples each. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 95. Differentiate agribusiness product from other forms of products by describing the features and characteristics of agricultural products. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 96. Explain the role that management plays in the overall success of agribusiness firms. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 97. Explain how the four functions of management work together to make an agribusiness firm successful. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 98. Interview a livestock raiser or a crop producer. Ask his or her job roles and daily activities in managing the agribusiness. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 99. By using internet sources, choose one agricultural or food product and outline the market for that product over the next ten years. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 100. Access the internet and locate a research study on agribusiness. Copy or print the abstract or research summary. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ JNE 11/18/14 6
EXERCISE 1 Modified True or False. Determine whether the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question 1. Agribusiness only covers various businesses involved in the production of agricultural products. ______________ 2. Agribusiness has usually large-scale operations which are run like an industry as opposed to small-scale family farming. ______________ 3. The agribusiness system paradigm was first outlined by Davies and Goldberg in 1925. ______________ 4. Agribusiness system has economic viability and commercial sustainability at its core because of its market focus. ______________ 5. Farmers rely on the input industries to provide the resources they need to produce agricultural commodities. ______________ 6. Agricultural production sector is the first subsystem from which all other agribusiness subsystems emanate. ______________ 7. The processing subsystem is concerned with the transfer of agricultural products from source to end-user. ______________ 8. The marketing sector sector of the agribusiness subsystem consists of all the key actors that provide services crucial to the success of an agribusiness venture. ______________ 9. The distribution element of the agribusiness chain includes wholesalers, importers and exporters. ______________ 10. The consumption component of the agribusiness chain pertains to various types of consumers with different income levels and purchasing power. ______________ 11. Agribusiness stakeholders are the key players who affect or can be affected by agribusiness system’s action. ______________ 12. The intermediate marketing link in the chain includes transport and storage service providers in chains associated with international markets. ______________ EXERCISE 2 Classification. To which subsystem of agribusiness system does each of the following belong? Write AI for agricultural input, AP for agricultural production, FP for food processing, AM for agricultural marketing and AS for agricultural support. 13. Seeds supply _______ 14. Farm equipment and machineries _______ 15. Aquaculture _______ 16. Post-harvest equipment and facilities 17. Rice production _______ 18. Food preservation and packaging _______ 19. Irrigation system 20. Agricultural cooperative _______ 21. Farmers’ loans from banking institutions _______ 22. Pesticides and fungicides_______ 23. Farm subsidies from the government _______ 24. Crop insurance and consultancy _______ 25. Farm-to-market roads EXERCISE 3 Classification. To which subsystem of agribusiness system does each of the following agricultural inputs, goods and services go? Write AI for agricultural input, AP for agricultural production, FP for food processing, AM for agricultural marketing and AS for agricultural support. 26. Fertilizers ________ 27. Post-harvest facilities ________ 28. Product branding ________ 29. Beef and pork ________ Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 2 : AGRIBUSINESS SYSTEM Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 7
30. Animal feeds ________ 31. Wines ________ 32. Cheese production ________ 33. Prawns ________ 34. Delivery trucks ________ EXERCISE 4 Classification. Determine what sector of agribusiness commodity system is considered in each of the following transactions of JNE Foods, an agribusiness firm producing and processing pineapples. 36. JNE buys fertilizers for its pineapple plantation. __________ 37. JNE develops the irrigation system to maintain vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas of pineapple farms. __________ 38. JNE typically uses two tons of pesticides for its entire pineapple farms. __________ 39. JNE builds a farm-to-market road that connect pineapple plantation areas to market towns. __________ 40. JNE receives farm subsidies from the government. __________ 41. JNE packages harvested fresh pineapples to be pineapple chunks.__________ 42. JNE manufactures canned pineapple juices and supplies these to supermarket chains. __________ 43. JNE purchases new production equipment for its pineapple food processing. __________ 44. JNE keeps newly harvested pineapples in a cooling storage to extend the time span of pineapples. __________ 45. JNE processes pineapple leaves to produce piña textile fiber. __________ 46. JNE supplies fresh pineapples to well-known restaurants for their wide array of food desserts. __________ 47. JNE plants pineapples in a 200-hectare land. __________ 48. JNE employs salesforce to market its pineapple food products. __________ 49. JNE borrows loans from a commercial bank for the purchase of new farm equipment. __________ 50. JNE exports pineapples to Asian countries. __________ EXERCISE 5 Agribusiness Stakeholders. Identify the stakeholder of the agribusiness system in the statements below by choosing the correct answer in the following box. 51. _____________ plays an important role in providing a policy environment that is favorable to agribusiness enterprises such as policies on prices, imports, exports and general trading 52. _____________ buys and consumes of agribusiness products produced different income levels and purchasing power 53. _____________ sells agribusiness products produced in home country to international markets. 54. _____________ buys agricultural products in large quantities from producers or importers and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. 55. _____________ is a business organization owned and operated by a group of farmers for their mutual benefit. 56. _____________ engaged in agriculture, who raises livestock or produces crops. 57. _____________ is hired to work in the agricultural farm. 58. _____________ utilizes methods and techniques to transform agricultural commodities into food products for consumption. 59. _____________ moves or transfers agricultural goods from production site to the market via modes of transport. 60. _____________ provides economic services to agribusiness firms like banks, insurance companies and lending institutions. 61. _____________ supplies and distributes resources needed in agricultural production like seeds, agrichemicals and farm equipment. 62. _____________ produces, manufactures and sell agribusiness products. 63. _____________ raise domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting. 64. _____________ distributes and sells food products to market channels (restaurants, supermarkets, etc.) for use and consumption by consumers. 65. _____________ uses management and entrepreneurial skills to handle the farm business. 8
EXERCISE 6 Analysis Questions. Answer what is asked and required in the following. 66. Discuss the importance of agribusiness system flow in analyzing the agricultural commodity/industry? 67. Choose an agribusiness firm located within your area and identify the actors or stakeholders involved in the following links: 68. Choose one agribusiness firm below. Search the internet and provide the brief company profile of the chosen firm. Discuss its agribusiness commodity system.  McDonald  Jollibee  Del Monte  Dole  Nestle  Pigrolac  San Miguel Corporation  Dizon Farms ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 69. Give at least three food products processed through the following agricultural commodities. Agricultural Product Food Product Tomatoes Pineapples Corn Milkfish Cow Soybeans Strawberries Chicken Eggplant Potatoes 70. Interview a livestock raiser or a crop producer and fill out the table below depicting his or her costs incurred on agricultural inputs. Name of agribusiness: _________________________________ Nature of agribusiness: ________________________________ Agricultural Inputs Costs (in pesos) Agricultural machinery/equipment Seeds/ Fertilizers Animal Feed Agrichemicals (pesticides, fungicides, etc. Buildings Rent Hired labor (farm workers) Post-harvest facilities Veterinary care for livestock Handling and storage facilities Transportation Crop insurance Taxes Others Agribusiness Links/Channels Stakeholder Supplier of farm inputs (seeds, animal feed, etc.) Suppliers of machinery and equipment Purchaser of products Distributors of products Providers of technical services Providers of financial services 9
1 WORKTEXT 4 : Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com p EXERCISE 1 True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect. 1. Philippines is a country with a large agricultural sector dominating the economy. 2. Philippines imports agricultural products from other countries. __________ 3. Japan is the top importer of agricultural commodities produced in the Philippines. __________ 4. The top agricultural export of the Philippines is coconut. __________ 5. Corn is the second most important crop in the Philippines. __________ 6. Because the country is archipelagic, domestic transportation costs are high. __________ 7. Philippines leads the world in producing and exporting rice. __________ 8. The Philippines is now many years behind some Asian countries like Thailand in integrating small farms into larger agribusiness enterprises. __________ 9. Agriculture or agribusiness belongs to the tertiary sector of the economy. __________ 10. Most Filipinos live in rural areas and support themselves through agriculture. __________ 11. Domestic demand for fish is more substantial than meat consumption. __________ 12. The Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan for 2011-2016 reaffirms the importance of agricultural development for inclusive growth. __________ 13. Supply of Philippine crops is affected annually by strong typhoons hitting the country. __________ 14. Philippine exports of industrially processed foods such as canned tuna and pineapples are on the rise. __________ 15. Organic farming is practiced in the Philippines. __________ EXERCISE 2 Multiple Choice. Encircle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 16. It is the sector engaged in the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruits trees, raising of livestock, poultry, or fish, including the harvesting and marketing of such farm products, and other farm activities and practices. A. Manufacturing sector B. Industrial sector C. Real estate sector D. Services sector E. Agricultural sector 17. Which of these belongs to the agricultural sector of the economy? A. Forestry B. Transportation C. Manufacturing D. Real estate E. Business process outsourcing 18. The country's agriculture sector is made up of four sub- sectors except A. forestry. B. farming. C. agribusiness. D. fisheries. E. livestock. 19. According to World Bank statistics, agriculture sector makes up what percentage of Philippine GDP in 2013? A. 12% B. 50% C. 32% D. 25% E. 6% 20. According to World Bank statistics agriculture sector employs what percentage of the Philippine labor force as of 2013? A. 12% B. 50% C. 32% D. 25% E. 6% 21. It is considered as the most important food crop in the country. A. Corn B. Sugar C. Coconut D. Rice E. Mangoes 22. All of these fruit crops produced in the Philippines have high export volume and value except A. mangoes. B. pineapples. C. coconuts. D. bananas. E. strawberries. Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 4 : PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE AND AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 10
WORKTEXT 4 : Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 23. The top export of the Philippines in the fisheries sector is A. milkfish. B. prawns. C. tuna. D. seaweed catfish. 24. Which of these is one of the top trading partners of the Philippines? A. Nigeria B. Germany C. Japan D. Ireland E. Mexico 25. This Philippine region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply, dubbed as “Rice Granary of the Philippines”. A. Region I B. Region II C. Region III D. Region IV E. Region V 26. All of the these are food products being processed in the Philippines except A. tocino and longanisa B. fruit juice C. strawberry jam D. peanut butter E. durian 27. To be an exporter of an agricultural product the country must have its domestic price of the product be A. higher than the foreign price B. lower than foreign price C. equal to foreign price. D. lower than equilibrium price. E. higher than competitor price. 28. The value of agricultural exports for 2009 in the Philippines is amounted to $3.2 billion and the value of imports is amounted to $5. billion. Based on the data, the Philippines suffers from A. trade surplus. B. trade deficit. C. positive next export. D. budget deficit. E. budget surplus 29. Which of the following is a problem in the Philippine agricultural sector? A. Conversion of agricultural land into real properties. B. Inefficient supply chain and logistics systems C. Inadequate irrigation and farm-to-market infrastructure. D. Lack of financial support or subsidies from the government. E. All of these. 30. All of the following are forms of farm infrastructure in the Philippines except A. Farm-to-market roads B. Food terminal C. Seed supplies D. Food processing factories E. Post-harvest processing facilities 31. Environmental damage is a major concern in agriculture sector in the country. Which of these does not belong to the group? A. Coral-reef destruction B. forest destruction C. Siltation and soil erosion D. Organic farming E. Pollution of coastal and marine resources 32. The executive department of the Philippine government responsible for boosting the income of farmers as well as reducing the incidence of poverty in the rural sector is A. DPWH. B. DSWD. C. DAR. D. DA. E. DOF. 33. The “Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 is otherwise known as A. RA 8435. B. RA 6657. C. RA 10409. D. RA 6050. E. RA 4356. 34. Which of the following does not include the principle of "Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997” which empowers the development and sustainability of the agriculture and fisheries sectors. A. Poverty alleviation B. Rational use of resources C. Global competitiveness D. Sustainable development E. Unfair Competition 35. A principle of "Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act pertaining to the ability of the Philippines to compete in terms of price, quality and volume of agricultural products relative to those of other countries. A. Poverty alleviation B. Rational use of resources C. Global competitiveness D. Sustainable development E. Unfair Competition EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine whether each of the following situations affects Philippine agribusiness or agricultural sector. P a () mark if yes a (x) if not. 36. Rice farmers in Nueva Ecija improve their post-harvest processing. _________ 37. Trucking costs of corn have gone down substantially due to improved farm infrastructure. _________ 38. Department of Agriculture provides farm equipment to sugar farmers. _________ 39. Farm producers in Davao produce 3,200 metric tons of pineapples in 2013. _________ 40. A range from 360,000 to 390,000 hectares of farmland are devoted to sugarcane production. _________ 41. The fisheries sector contributes P80.4 billion at current prices this quarter. _________ 42. Prices of banana and mango increased by 7.87 percent and 5.87 percent, respectively, because of sustained demand from both local and foreign markets. _________ 43. Farm lands are abused with the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that contributes to poor harvest. _________ 44. The livestock subsector which shared 16.11 percent in total agricultural production. _________ 45. On the average, prices of agricultural commodities increased by 6.17 percent in the first half of the year. _________ 11
WORKTEXT 4 : Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 4 Matching Type. Match each Philippine province with its primary agricultural product having absolute advantage. Write the letter of your choice in the box provided before each number. 46. Pangasinan A. Coffee 47. Masbate B. Corn 48. General Santos C. Banana 49. Ilocos Norte D. Pineapples 50. Bukidnon E. Tobacco 51. Davao F. Tuna 52. Bulacan G. Coconut 53. Benguet H. Rice 54. Batangas I. Castle 55. Aurora J. Tilapia 56. Guimaras K. Mangoes 57. Negros Occidental L. Sugar 58. Nueva Ecija M. Potatoes 59. Cagayan N. Lanzones 60. Camiguin O. Salt EXERCISE 5 Analysis Questions. Provide a concise explanation of the following questions. 61. Provide the statistics for the past three years (2011 – 2013) of the following economic indicators used to monitor the performance of the Philippine agricultural sector. 62. Discuss the importance of agribusiness sector in the Philippine economy. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 63. Explain why service sector dominates the Philippine economy of though the country has an economy with a large agricultural sector. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 64. Explain the roles of the Philippine government in managing the agribusiness sector. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 65. Research on agricultural policies being implemented by the Philippine government used in providing services to the following areas of agricultural sector. Economic Indicators 2011 2012 2013 GDP Share of Agriculture sector Employment Share of Agriculture sector Exports A. Crops B. Livestock and Poultry C. Fisheries Exports A. Crops B. Livestock and Poultry C. Fisheries Average Prices A. Crops B. Livestock and Poultry C. Fisheries A. Crops Area Agricultural policies Agricultural prices (Price floor) Agricultural research Soil and water conservation Farm credit Crop insurance Agricultural machineries and facilities Subsidized sale of farm products 12
WORKTEXT 4 : Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 66. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Philippine agribusiness products in terms of global competitiveness. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 67. Discuss the economic performance of the Philippine agriculture sector in the 1st half of 2014 by providing facts and statistics. . ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 68. Name and discuss five issues and problems that agribusiness sector in the Philippines is facing. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 69. Provide at least five recommendations on how to resolve the problems and improve the overall condition of the Philippine agricultural sector. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 70. How do you see the status of Philippine agricultural sector over the next ten years? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ EXERCISE 6 Market Analysis. Research on the industry and market profile, status and prospects of the following agribusiness products in the Philippine context. You may use a separate paper for this section. Agricultural Products Industry Profile, Status and Prospects 71. Abaca 72. Coffee 73. Milkfish 74. Garlic 75. Beef 13
WORKTEXT 5 : Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 1 True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect. 1. Agricultural producers seek highest prices while consumer seek lowest prices. _________ 2. Most agricultural products are differentiated. _________ 3. The price of agricultural product is determined by supply and demand. _________ 4. The demand for agricultural products remains relatively less elastic. _________ 5. Purchase of more inputs actually facilitates more production. _________ 6. Over time, the supply of farm products has declined rapidly because of technological progress. _________ 7. During the harvest season, the supply of agricultural products is low. _________ 8. If supply of agricultural products exceeds demand, a shortage occurs. _________ 9. The quantity to be demanded for an agricultural product rises if the price falls. _________ 10. A supply curve shows all the various prices of a product that agricultural producers are willing to buy. _________ 11. Farmers will have to sell agricultural products in the short run even at very low prices because supply tends to be inelastic. _________ 12. The price elasticity of demand for agricultural products is low. _________ 13. The market for goods such as meat and fresh vegetables is reasonably elastic. _________ 14. During harvest, when supply is high, prices particularly at the farm level are expected to fall. _________ 15. The demand for agricultural products has increased slowly, because it is elastic with respect to income. _________ . EXERCISE 2 Multiple Choice. Encircle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 16. Which of the following is most accurately characterized as a market for agricultural products? The market for A. crop insurance. B. farmland. C. greenhouses. D. sales agents. E. cotton. 17. The observation “as a price of beef falls, consumers buy more of it” is best known as A. diminishing marginal utility. B. consumer surplus. C. the law of demand. D. substitution effect. E. market equilibrium. 18. If a devastating typhoon hit the country, what happens to the market of agricultural products? A. Supply will increase. B. Supply will decrease. C. Supply will stay the same. D. Demand will decrease. E. Price will decrease. 19. Many Filipinos have decreased their consumption of meat and switched to fish or vegetables during holy week. The determinant of demand that is considered in the statement is A. consumer’s expectation B. price of a substitute. C. income. D. tastes and preference. E. consumption. 20. At a price of P35 per kilo, a farmer of calamansi is willing to produce 8,000 units per harvest. At a price of P80 per kilo, it is likely that the calamansi farmer will be willing to produce A. 8,000 kilos per harvest. B. 1,800 kilos per harvest. C. less than 8,000 kilos per harvest. D. more than 8,000 kilos per harvest. E. none. 21. Potatoes are a major ingredient in making potato chips. When the price of the former increases, A. the demand for potatoes decreases. B. the demand for potatoes increases. C. the demand for potatoes will not change. D. the quantity of potatoes demanded increases. E. the quantity of potatoes demanded decreases. Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 5 : MARKET FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 14
WORKTEXT 5 : Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 22. Which of these would lead to an increase in the demand for carrots in Baguio City? A. A decrease in farm costs of producing carrots. B. A decrease in the price of lettuce and cabbage. C. A decrease in demand for vegetable salads in restaurants. D. An increase in the number of tourists in Baguio City E. An increase in price per kilo of carrots. 23. Assuming banana lakatan (Good A) and banana senorita (Good B) are closed substitutes, a decrease in the price of banana lakatan will affect the demand curve for banana senorita to A. shift to the left as consumers switch from good A to good B. B. shift to the right as consumers switch from good A to good B C. move leftward as consumers switch from good A to good B. D. move rightward as consumers switch from good A to good B E. remain unchanged, because good A and B are substitutes. 24. In 2009, Benguet was affected by two disastrous typhoons – Ondoy and Pepeng. Benguet is the major producer of several agricultural products in the Philippines. As a result, Benguet reduced some of its vegetable products for domestic consumption. In the context of the domestic supply-demand model for the affected agricultural commodities we should see A. Decreased supply and unchanged demand. B. Decreased demand and unchanged supply. C. Decreased supply and increased demand. D. Increased supply and decreased demand. E. Increased demand and increased supply. 25. What affects the increase in quantity supplied on the market for canned sardines? A. The new canning technology for sardines is applied. B. The price of canned sardines falls. C. The income of consumers rises. D. The cost of tomato sauce and soybean oil increases. E. The price of corned beef and canned tuna declines. 26. Chinese exporters of garlic offered low prices such that domestic producers of garlic were driven out of business. As the number of garlic producers reduced, A. the market supply of garlic increased. B. the market supply of garlic decreased. C. the market demand of garlic decreased. D. the market demand of garlic decreased. E. there was no change in the supply of garlic. 27. Analyze the market for sugarcane. Suppose that sugarcane workers form a farmers’ cooperative and receive a wage increase of P100 per day. A. The demand for sugarcane will increase. B. The demand for sugarcane will decrease. C. The supply of sugarcane will decrease. D. The supply of sugarcane will increase. E. The supply of sugarcane will remain constant. 28. A livestock raiser can raise either goat or pig. If the price of pigs in the market sharply goes up, we can expect the supply of goats will A. increase. B. decrease. C. increase and decrease. D. decrease and increase. E. remain the same. 29. The market for agricultural products is in equilibrium if the A. supply and demand are equal. B. price equals costs plus a profit. C. rate of technological change is steady. D. quantity supplied equals quantity demanded. E. price and quantity of a good are equal. 30. When costs of fertilizers and pesticides in producing strawberries in La Trinidad fall, the equilibrium price of strawberries ________ and the equilibrium quantity of strawberries ________. A. rises; increases B. rises; decreases C. falls; increases D. falls; decreases E. falls; remained constant 31. A decrease in the demand for pork sisig with no change in its supply will create a _______ of pork sisig at today’s price, but gradually the price will _______. A. surplus; fall B. shortage; fall C. surplus; rise D. shortage; rise E. surplus; remain constant 32. When the price of coffee rose 25% the quantity of coffee sold fell 30% and the sale of creamer also fell 20%. This set of facts implies that A. the demand for coffee is price elastic. B. the demand for creamer is price elastic. C. the cross price elasticity between coffee and creamer is negative so the two are complements. D. the cross price elasticity between coffee and creamer is positive so the two are substitutes. E. Coffee and creamer are inferior good. 33. If the income elasticity of demand for tuyo is - 0.25 and the income elasticity of demand for tuna is 1.2 A. tuyo and tuna are substitutes. B. tuyo and tuna are complements. C. tuyo is a normal good and tuna is an inferior good. D. tuyo is an inferior good and tuna is a normal good. E. tuyo and tuna are both normal good. 34. At a price of P120 per kilo the quantity demanded of bangus (milkfish) is 400 per day, and at P60 the quantity demanded is 500 per day. The price elasticity of demand for bangus is A. 1.30 B. 0.33 C. 2.45 D. 0.21 E. 0.82 35. Which of the following agricultural goods would be expected to have the highest price elasticity of demand? A. mango B. beef C. Del Monte pineapple juice D. canned sardines E. cauliflower 15
WORKTEXT 5 : Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine whether each of the following characterizes agricultural market. Put a () mark if yes an (𝑥) mark if not. 36. Prices are volatile or remain unstable. 37. Many products are highly perishable. 38. Products are unique or heterogeneous. 39. Agricultural producers are price maker. 40. Demand for most farm products is elastic. 41. Production period of most agricultural products is short. 42. There are few sellers and buyers. 43. Technology increases yield and thus supply. 44. There are limited ways to exit the market. 45. Only a few buyers and sellers act at any one time, within one price range, at any one location. 46. Prices are relatively high and few pay with cash. 47. Most products are produced only in certain season. 48. Quality and quantity of products vary according to the productivity of land, season and climate. 49. When demand suddenly drops, existing supply cannot be removed. 50. There is no central market for most agricultural products. EXERCISE 4 Classification. Determine whether the following pairs of agricultural goods is substitutes or complements. Write S for substitutes, C for complements and N for neither substitutes nor complements. 51. Pineapple juice and orange juice ________ 52. Corned beef and beef ________ 53. Black tea and coffee ________ 54. Ice cream and condensed milk ________ 55. Soy sauce and soybeans ________ 56. Magic Sarap and Knorr Granules ________ 57. Lobsters and crabs ________ 58. Tuna and egg________ 59. Wheat and bread ________ 60. Potatoes and French fries ________ EXERCISE 5 For each of the following, determine if the good has high or low elasticity of demand. Then provide an explanation in your answer. 61. Milk ________ 62. Corn ________ 63. Beef ________ 64. Black pepper ________ 65. Red wine ________ 66. Mozzarella cheese ________ 67. Bacon and ham ________ 68. Cashew nut ________ 69. Sweet potatoes ________ 70. Pickles ________ EXERCISE 6 Classification. Determine whether each of the following will have effect on the change in demand or change in supply of agricultural products. Write CD for change in demand and CS for change in supply. Indicate what variable or factor causes the change. 71. The price of fertilizers and pesticides in producing potatoes increases. _________ 72. The number of farmers producing cabbages in La Trinidad increases. _________ 73. The price of coffee rises so people buy less refined sugar. _________ 74. Agricultural wholesalers import garlic from China. _________ 75. The government provides subsidies to milk producers. _________ 76. Meat processors improve their meat packaging technology. _________ 77. The birth rate in the country increases thus the demand for milk increases. _________ 78. Fruits such as rambutan and lanzones are in season. _________ 79. People affected by typhoon prefer canned food and instant noodles. _________ 80. The price of palm oil increases thus people purchase more corn oil. _________ 81. The wage of farm workers planting sugarcane rises. _________ 82. The incomes of families buying fruits and vegetables sharply rise. _________ 16
WORKTEXT 5 : Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 83. Plenty imported grapes and oranges are dumped into the country. _________ 84. Sin taxes are placed on the sales of tobacco and liquor products. _________ 85. Del Monte advertises its product line of pineapple juices. _________ EXERCISE 7 Problem Analysis. You are analyzing the market for watermelons in Pangasinan. Refer to the following illustrations depicting how each of the following events affects the demand and supply of watermelons. Write the letter of your choice on the blank provided after the number and indicate the factor that may cause the change. 86. Many fruit buyers do not like the tastes of newly introduced varieties of watermelons_________ 87. Watermelon with red flesh is a significant source of lycopene and beta carotene. Consumers become health- conscious in eating fruits. ___________ 88. Food processors increase their order for watermelon to process pickled watermelon and wine watermelon. 89. Better-trained and productive farm workers are hired in watermelon production_________ 90. Many farmers farm watermelons, as they perceived lucrative business in watermelon production. _________ 91. The incomes of families buying fruits sharply fall.________ 92. The cost of watermelon seeds and fertilizers increases. _________ 93. A devastating typhoon hit Pangasinan affecting the yield of watermelon farmers. _________ 94. Imported watermelons from China are dumped into the Philippine market. _________ 95. During December, many purchase watermelons because the fruit is in season. _________ 96. There is an oil price roll back thus the transportation and delivery costs of watermelon decrease. _________ 97. Fruit vendors expect the price of watermelon per kilo to increase from P50 to P80 next week. _________ 98. Crop producers encounter problems in irrigation system. _________ 99. Most fruit stands offer a lowered price of cucumber and melons, closed substitutes for watermelon. 100.Supermarket chain in Pangasinan like CSI and Magic buy bulk orders of watermelon from watermelon traders. 101.Farm-to-market roads are built connecting watermelon plantation areas to market towns. __________ 102.Watermelon producers receive farm subsidies from the local government. _________ 103.Agricultural machineries in watermelon production are upgraded. _________ 104.Farmers anticipate a dramatic increase in the price of watermelons next month. _________ 105.Pests damage most of the watermelon farms. ________ EXERCISE 8 Market Analysis. Analyze and answer what is required in the following problems. A. Suppose the market for tuna in General Santos City, Philippines is described by the accompanying diagram. 106.In the diagram, what is the curve that slopes downward? 107.What is the quantity of tuna demanded if price is P250? 108.What is the quantity of garlic supplied if price is P300? 109.What is the price of tuna if quantity supplied is 300 thousand kilos? 110.What is the equilibrium price? 111.What is the equilibrium quantity? 17
WORKTEXT 5 : Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 112.At a price of P280, is there a shortage or a surplus of tuna? By how many units? 113.At a price of P90, is there is a shortage or a surplus of tuna? By how many units? 114.What is the demand equation for this diagram? 115.What is the supply equation for this diagram? B. Assume the market supply and demand for goat meat in Pangasinan is represented by the following schedule. (Price in pesos and quantity in thousand kilos) Price Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied 120 70 10 140 60 20 160 50 30 180 40 40 200 30 50 220 20 60 116.Draw a graph of the market for goat meat and mark in the equilibrium price and quantity. 117.If the price of goat meat is P120 per kilo, describe the situation in the milkfish market. 118.If the price of goat meat is P180 per kilo, describe the situation in the milkfish market. 119.Suppose that there is high demand from “kambingan” eateries and the quantity of meat goat demanded increases by 20 thousand kilos a month at each price. Create a new demand schedule representing higher demand for goat meat. Explain what happens in the market and draw a graph to illustrate the changes. 120.Suppose that many livestock raisers engaged in goat industry, as they perceived lucrative business in goat production and the quantity of meat goat supplied raises by 40 thousand kilos a month at each price. Create a new supply schedule representing higher supply of goat meat. Explain what happens in the market and draw a graph to illustrate the changes. C. Suppose the market for tocino in Pangasinan per month is expressed by the following demand and supply functions, where 𝑄 is in thousand kilos and 𝑃 is in pesos: 𝑄 𝑑 = 1,250 − 2𝑃 and 𝑄𝑠 = 600 + 3𝑃 121.What is the quantity supplied if the price is Php 85? 122.What is the quantity demanded if the price is Php 170? 123.What is the price if the quantity supplied is 670 units? 124.What is the highest price to be paid for this commodity? 125.What quantity will be demanded if the commodity is free? 126.What is the equilibrium price? 127.What is the equilibrium quantity? 128.What is the price elasticity of demand if the price of tocino increases from P120 to P100. 129.If the demand function shifts to 𝑄𝑑 = 1,150 − 2𝑃, find the equilibrium price and quantity. 130.Graph on the same set of axes the demand and supply curves. Indicate the point of equilibrium and show on the same diagram the change in demand. EXERCISE 8 Market Analysis. Do a market analysis by determining the factors that may cause the change in demand and supply of the following agricultural and food products. Use a separate paper to answer this section. JNE 12/11/14 Agricultural / Food Products Demand Analysis Supply Analysis 131. Catfish 132. Broccoli 133. Balut 134. Dried mangoes 135. Onions 136. Buko juice 137. Cane vinegar 138. Moringa 139. Lansones 140. Palm oil 18
1 WORKTEXT 6 : AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 1 True or False. Write True if the statement is correct. If false, change the underline word/phrase to make the statement correct. 1. Agricultural marketing includes all channels and services involved in moving an agricultural product from the farm to the ultimate consumer. __________ 2. Production sector comprises the intermediaries who perform necessary marketing services. __________ 3. Demand is the sole end purpose of all production. __________ 4. Agricultural firms that are inefficient and can deliver quality products are those that succeed in agribusiness ventures. __________ 5. The farmer's interest is focused on getting the best return from his produce, which equates to minimum price for unlimited quantities. __________ 6. Financing supports the marketing process because without financial capital there can be no consumption. __________ 7. Activities in marketing agricultural products such as harvesting, processing, storage, distribution, advertising and sale are not interconnected. __________ 8. Processing is a way of adding returns to an agricultural product. __________ 9. Institutional approach of marketing deals with the study of industry players of the marketing system. _________ 10. Commodity approach of marketing organizes the activities that occur in the marketing process according to function. __________ 11. Promotion includes every aspect of advertising, packaging and sales methodology. __________ 12. The 4Ps of marketing include product, price, place and promotion. __________ 13. The marketing concept holds that the needs of the farmers are of paramount importance. __________ 14. The commodities who are graded and standardized fetch lower prices in the market. __________ 15. Introduction stage for a product is period of slowdown in sales growth. __________ EXERCISE 2 Identification. What agricultural marketing concept is being described in each of the following? Write the answer in the boxes provided after the statement. 16. Stages or categories of activities in the movement of food and fiber from farm to the consumer. 17. The physical movement goods to various locations in the marketing process. 18. The end user who buys agricultural and food products produced. 19. The conversion of agricultural commodities to different forms of food products. 20. Massing quantities of farm products from several producers and the delivery of farm products to a central location. 21. The specific location where suppliers and potential buyers meet for the purpose of trade by purchase and sale. 22. The amount of money a buyer will pay for an agricultural commodity. 23. The chain marketing activities that a product follows on its way from producer to consumer. 24. A physical marketing function that assure uniformity of products by quality, size, species, or other criteria 25. The set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 6 : AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 19
WORKTEXT 6 : AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 3 Classification. Suppose you are analyzing the marketing system of JNE Farms, an agribusiness firm producing fruits and vegetables. Determine what function of agricultural marketing system is considered in each of these cases. Write E for exchange function, P for physical function and F for facilitating function. 26. JNE Farms ensures the quality of produced fruits and vegetables. ________ 27. JNE Farms minimizes its shipping costs as much as possible. ________ 28. JNE Farms establishes long-term relationship with its supermarket buyers. ________ 29. JNE Farms wishes to meet the needs of importing countries who buy its agricultural products. ________ 30. JNE Farms processes pickles, jams and jellies that add value to the produced fruits and vegetable. ________ 31. JNE Farms conducts marketing research to identify and analyze marketing opportunities and problems. ________ 32. JNE Farms maintains proper packaging to protect crops for distribution and sale. ________ 33. JNE Farms considers alternative routes and types of transportation, with a view to achieving delivery timelines. ________ 34. JNE Farms makes sure that uniform measurements of produce quality and/or quantity is maintained. ________ 35. JNE Farms buys fertilizers and other farm inputs for its vegetable and fruit production ________ 36. JNE Farms ensures that newly harvested crops are kept in a cooling storage to extend their time span. ________ 37. JNE Farms supplies fresh fruits and vegetables to local retailers and wholesalers.________ 38. JNE Farms secures loans from a commercial bank to finance the business. ________ 39. JNE Farms incurs losses due to physical risk like pests and floods. ________ 40. JNE processes pineapple leaves to produce piña textile fiber. __________ EXERCISE 4 Classification. To what sector or institution of marketing system does each of the following interconnected activities belong? Write I for input sector, F for farm production sector, P for processing sector and S for support sector. 41. Seeds and seedlings ________ 42. Technology commercialization ________ 43. Milling ________ 44. Meat processing ________ 45. Farm machineries ________ 46. Animal feed ________ 47. Livestock raising ________ 48. Crop farming ________ 49. Fruit and vegetable preservation ________ 50. Transport and assembly ________ EXERCISE 5 Classification. To what sector of agribusiness marketing system does each of the following market participants or stakeholders belong. Write P for production sector, M for marketing sector, and C for consumption sector. 51. Corporate farms ________ 52. Processors ________ 53. Institutional buyers ________ 54. Retailers ________ 55. Contract buyer ________ 56. Cooperatives ________ 57. Consumers ________ 58. Transporters ________ 59. Exporters________ 60. Farmers ________ EXERCISE 6 Classification. The following are competitive strategies undertaken by competitors in the market to defend their market position. Determine what category of competitor is described for each of these competitive strategies. 61. Mobile defense ________ 62. Frontal attack ________ 63. Counterfeiter ________ 64. Imitator ________ 65. End-user specialist ________ 66. Vertical-level specialist ________ 67. Preemptive defense ________ 68. Bypass attack ________ 69. Adapter ________ 70. Guerilla attack ________ 20
WORKTEXT 6 : AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 7 Classification. Determine what model of marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion) is involved in each of these indicators. 71. Agricultural or food product is produced in a high quality. ________ 72. Price is offered lower than competitors. ________ 73. Products are influenced by consumer preference. ________ 74. Products are showcased or exhibited in trade fairs. ________ 75. A product is well-packaged for sale. ________ 76. Price points for products are established. ________ 77. Presence of retailers, wholesalers, distributors in selling agricultural products. ________ 78. Use of media advertising in marketing the product. ________ 79. Having strategic and accessible selling location. ________ 80. Giving discounts during Holiday seasons. ________ 81. Selling the products through the Internet. ________ 82. Farm producers analyze how price sensitive are the consumers in the price change of products. ________ 83. Granting gift items or freebies to customers. ________ 84. Keeping the business environment clean, convenient, comfortable & welcoming. ________ 85. Application of sales promotion like holding contest, raffle draws, etc. ________ EXERCISE 8 Classification. Identify what stage of agricultural product life cycle is characterized in each items below. Write I for introduction stage, G for growth stage, M for maturity stage and S for saturation stage. 86. Increase in competitors entering the market. ________ 87. Sales volume of products decreases. ________ 88. Production costs are very high. ________ 89. Costs decline due to economies of scale. ________ 90. Price falls because of increased competition. ________ 91. Costs are lowered as a result of production volumes increasing. ________ 92. Profits fall. ________ 93. Costs become counter-optimal. ________ 94. Sales volume peaks and market saturation is reached. ________ 95. Profitability starts to rise. ________ EXERCISE 9 Illustrate in a process the marketing channel for the following agricultural products. 96. Marketing Channel of Dragon Fruit 97. Marketing Channel of Tilapia 98. Marketing Channel of Beef 99. Marketing Channel of Fish Feeds 100. Marketing Channel of Cabbage 21
WORKTEXT 6 : AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 10 Analysis Questions. Interview an agribusiness firm in your area. Ask the firm the questions that follow. Write the answers and responses in the blanks provided for. Agribusiness Business Name ___________________________ Nature of Agribusiness ________________________________ Owner/Entrepreneur __________________________________ Business Location ___________________________________ 101. What are the products you are selling and marketing? Describe the market for these products. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 102. What are the interconnected marketing activities of your firm? Discuss each of these activities. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 103.Are there products that the firm currently markets to which more value could be added? If yes, which processes would be needed to achieve this (sorting and selection, preserving, processing, packaging, trademark, etc.)? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 104. Where and how do you buy your raw materials, processing and packaging inputs, and the technology you used in production? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 105. What do you do to defend your market position or to be competitive over competitors? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 106. What are the different promotional practices by the firm in marketing agribusiness products? Which is the most effective? Why? _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 107. Explain the marketing channel and process of your agricultural products. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 108. What are the marketing functions the firm carries out? How does the firm execute these functions? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 109. Who are the stakeholders or key players of the firm in the agribusiness marketing system? Discuss their respective roles. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 110. What are the marketing problems your agribusiness firm faces? Discuss how you are able to resolve the problems. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ JNE 1/7/15 22
A. BOOKS AND E-BOOKS Beierlein, James G., PRINCIPLES OF AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 4th Edition, Cengage Learning, New York USA, 2011 Besanko, D., D. Dranove, M. Shanley and S. Schaefer. Economics of Strategy. 5th Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2010 Burkett, Charles William, et. al., AGRICULTURE FOR BEGINNERS REVISED EDITION, www.gutenberg.org, USA, 2007 Burrow, James L. et. al. BUSINESS PRINCIPLES AND MANAGEMENT 12th Edition, Thomson Higher Education, Ohio, USA, 2008 Debertin, David L., AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ECONOMICS, Macmillan Publishing Company, New Jersey, USA, 2012 Downy, David W., et.al. AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 2nd Edition. New York: McgrawHill Book Company, 1987. Goodman, John W., et. al AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2nd Edition. Virginia Reston Publishing Company, Inc., 1982. Kotler, Philip and Keller, Kevin Lane, MARKETING MANAGEMENT, 14th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, USA, 2012 Mason, John, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, 2nd Edition, Landlinks Press, Australia, 2003 Pingali, Prabhu L., AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, et. al., Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, 2010. Ray, Herren V., THE SCIENCE OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE, 4th Edition, Delmar, Cengage Learning, New York, USA, 2012 B. OTHER SOURCES Asian Productivity Organization, (1990), MARKETING SYSTEMS FOR FARM PRODUCTS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo Pilar Santacoloma MATERIALS FOR AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT, MARKETING AND FINANCE, Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations Rome, 2009 R.A. 8435, THE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION ACT 1997. C. ONLINE SOURCES http://www.fao.org/docrep/ http://www.agribusiness-with-smallholders.net/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/Guide- Growing_Business_with_Smallholders_large.pdf http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3125e/i3125e00.pdf http://www.oecd.org/derec/worldbankgroup/46991507.pdf http://www.catif.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/PhilAgribusiness_FinalReport_July2012_IFC.pd http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABS348.pdf http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/md923e/md923e00.pdf www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/mathprogall.pdf www.fao.org/world/syria/gcpita/.../01-Agricultural_Economics_En.pdff www.angrau.ac.in/media/1640/AECO141.pdff www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c10/e5-15a-14.pdf www.afr-sd.org/publications/103swazi.pdf www.angrau.ac.in/media/1639/AECO%20342.pdf https://www.ifama.org/publications/journal/vol14/cmsdocs/14i4.pdf REFERENCES 23
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Agribusiness Management Worktext

  • 1.
    2015 Pangasinan State University LINGAYENCAMPUS Lingayen, Pangasinan PANGASINA N STATEU NIVERSIT Y PANGASINA N STATE U NIVERSITY 1979 AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT Jameson N. Estrada Pangasinan State University WORKTEXT
  • 2.
    Agribusiness Management withthe course code Econ 124 deals with the fundamentals of managing agribusiness ventures. It is concerned also with the management of problems and opportunities of agribusiness firms and related industries especially on the integrative arrangements that relate to decisions and operations of agribusiness firms and major commodity systems. To ensure the course objectives would be achieved, a need for a teaching resource material is necessary. Thus, this worktext has been prepared. The worktext is intended for use by students of AB Economics program taking up the subject Econ 124 with the objective of providing them with a comprehensive understanding about agribusiness management. Likewise, it has been designed as an instrument for learning development and assessment, providing students with a practical approach to applying the knowledge learned in the lectures. Each worktext covers exercises that is built upon the lessons of all the chapters with the following course outcomes: 1. Gain understanding on the fundamental agribusiness concepts and principles related to operation and management of agribusiness venture. 2. Discuss the basic frameworks in analyzing the logic, structure, conduct and behavior of agribusiness commodity system 3. Examine the nature and scope of agriculture. 4. Appreciate the vital role of the agribusiness sector in the Philippine economy and be motivated in the agribusiness activities which would initiate an opportunity for a better economy. 5. Explain the function and dynamics of the agricultural market by looking at the demand and supply analysis of agricultural products. 6. Learn how the agribusiness firms produce, process and market agricultural products to consumers. 7. Assess financial management strategies related to operation of agribusiness ventures. 8. Comprehend some business and management principles, tools, and functions. 9. Understand the nature and purpose of planning and analyze how to manage the planning process effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. 10. Understand the nature and purpose of organizing and analyze how to manage the organizing process effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. 11. Understand the nature and purpose of leading and analyze how to lead effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. 12. Understand the nature and purpose of controlling and analyze how to manage the controlling process effectively necessary to operate agribusiness successfully. Bear in mind that it takes sustained effort – and some dedicated patience – to study and learn the subject. But, it is assured that the effort is well worth it. It is hoped this modest work helps you. So, the best of luck as you begin your journey in answering the worktext exercises! PREFACE
  • 3.
    1 Introduction toAgribusiness Management 4 Agribusiness System 9 Nature and Scope of Agriculture 14 The Philippine Agricultural Sector and the Agribusiness Industry 18 The Market for Agricultural Products 21 Agricultural Market 24 Financial Management in Agribusiness 28 Management Today in Agribusiness 31 Planning and Decision Making in Agribusiness 35 Organizing in Agribusiness 38 Leading in Agribusiness 40 Controlling in Agribusiness PAGE CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • 4.
    EXERCISE 1 Fill inthe blanks. Write the correct answer on the blank provided for to complete each of these statements. 1. ____________ studies how business firms manage agricultural business enterprise focusing on the managerial functions performed throughout the agribusiness sector. 2. Agribusiness management is a dynamic decision-making process that tends to maximize ____________ consistent with the agribusiness firm’s objectives. 3. Seeds, animal feeds, fertilizers, and farm equipment used in farm production are considered ____________ industry of agribusiness. 4. In essence, agribusiness consists of all industries surrounding food production, ultimate end-user is the, __________ with marketing as the driving force behind all profitable activities. 5. Commodity processing, food manufacturing and food distribution comprise the __________ industries of agribusiness. 6. “__________ to produce” pertains to agribusiness decision of choosing the agricultural or food product to be produced. 7. Agricultural __________ are various resources, supplies and services, which are used by agricultural producers to produce agricultural products. 8. In the agribusiness industry shelf life is important because agribusiness products are __________. 9. __________ involves all economic activity in the food system, which encompasses production distribution, processing and marketing of agricultural and food products. 10. Farmers who cultivate crops and livestock raisers are considered agricultural __________. 11. The agribusiness value chain starts with __________ as inputs to a production process. 12. __________ is a built-in function of agribusiness. EXERCISE 2 Classification. Determine the discipline in which the following topics are most likely covered. Write A for agriculture, E for economics and M for management. 13. Strategic planning _______ 14. Marketing _______ 15. Organizational control _______ 16. Quality control _______ 17. Demand and supply of agricultural products _______ 18. Aquaculture _______ 19. Crop and livestock _______ 20. Providing purposeful direction to the firm _______ 21. Managing for innovation _______ 22. Food processor _______ EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine whether the following forms of business is considered agribusiness. Write Y for yes and N for No. 23. Farming _______ 24. Petroleum and oil refinery _______ 25. Electronic commerce _______ 26. Seed supply _______ 27. Agrichemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) _______ 28. Selling of real properties _______ 29. Software development _______ 30. Farm equipment and machinery _______ 31. Business process outsourcing _______ 32. Food processing _______ 33. Electricity or sewage treatment _______ 34. Restaurants _______ 35. Repair shops and motor fuel filling stations _______ NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management 4
  • 5.
    EXERCISE 4 Classification. Identifywhat category of agricultural resource or input does each of the following belong. Write LD for land, LR for labor, CL for capital and EP for entrepreneurship. 36. Tractor _______ 37. Pesticides _______ 38. Farm manager _______ 39. Fishermen _______ 40. Poultry housing _______ 41. Animal feed _______ 42. Grazing land _______ 43. Drip irrigation _______ 44. Rancher _______ 45. Seeds _______ EXERCISE 5 Classification. Determine whether the following is a crop or a livestock. Write C for crop and L for livestock. 46. Pigs _______ 47. Pineapples _______ 48. Moringa _______ 49. Wheat _______ 50. Goat _______ 51. Maize _______ 52. Strawberries _______ 53. Rice _______ 54. Horses _______ 55. Cows _______ EXERCISE 6 Classification. Determine whether each of the following is agricultural product or food product. Write AP for agricultural product and FP for food product. 56. Ketchup _______ 57. Soybeans _______ 58. Vinegar _______ 59. Meat products _______ 60. Cattle _______ 61. Tomatoes _______ 62. Potato Chips _______ 63. Corn Flakes _______ 64. Tobacco _______ 65. Cigarettes _______ EXERCISE 7 Classification. To which category of agribusiness industry does each of the following belong? Write I for input industry, A for agricultural production industry, V for value-added industry and S for support industry. 66. Seed supply _______ 67. Agricultural machinery _______ 68. Aquaculture _______ 69. Forest products _______ 70. Food preservation _______ 71. Agricultural cooperative _______ 72. Farmers’ loans from banking institutions _______ 73. Agrichemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) _______ 74. Farm subsidies from the government _______ 75. Crop insurance and consultancy _______ EXERCISE 8 Enumeration. Enumerate the following. A. Four Functions of Management B. Business Decision Questions of Agribusiness Management C. Consumption-related Features of Agricultural Products D. Production-related Features of Agricultural Products 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 5
  • 6.
    EXERCISE 9 Analysis Questions.Provide a concise explanation on the following questions. 91. Explain why agribusiness is an essential part of any economic system. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 92. Explain the following statement: “Only one thing that can bring our nation down – our dependence on foreign countries for food and energy. Agriculture is the backbone of our economy.” – John Salazar, Colorado Commissioner of Agriculture. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 93. Identify one agribusiness firm and describe what makes it an agribusiness and how it operates in agribusiness system. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 94. Explain the difference between agricultural commodity and food product. Give five examples each. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 95. Differentiate agribusiness product from other forms of products by describing the features and characteristics of agricultural products. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 96. Explain the role that management plays in the overall success of agribusiness firms. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 97. Explain how the four functions of management work together to make an agribusiness firm successful. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 98. Interview a livestock raiser or a crop producer. Ask his or her job roles and daily activities in managing the agribusiness. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 99. By using internet sources, choose one agricultural or food product and outline the market for that product over the next ten years. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 100. Access the internet and locate a research study on agribusiness. Copy or print the abstract or research summary. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ JNE 11/18/14 6
  • 7.
    EXERCISE 1 Modified Trueor False. Determine whether the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question 1. Agribusiness only covers various businesses involved in the production of agricultural products. ______________ 2. Agribusiness has usually large-scale operations which are run like an industry as opposed to small-scale family farming. ______________ 3. The agribusiness system paradigm was first outlined by Davies and Goldberg in 1925. ______________ 4. Agribusiness system has economic viability and commercial sustainability at its core because of its market focus. ______________ 5. Farmers rely on the input industries to provide the resources they need to produce agricultural commodities. ______________ 6. Agricultural production sector is the first subsystem from which all other agribusiness subsystems emanate. ______________ 7. The processing subsystem is concerned with the transfer of agricultural products from source to end-user. ______________ 8. The marketing sector sector of the agribusiness subsystem consists of all the key actors that provide services crucial to the success of an agribusiness venture. ______________ 9. The distribution element of the agribusiness chain includes wholesalers, importers and exporters. ______________ 10. The consumption component of the agribusiness chain pertains to various types of consumers with different income levels and purchasing power. ______________ 11. Agribusiness stakeholders are the key players who affect or can be affected by agribusiness system’s action. ______________ 12. The intermediate marketing link in the chain includes transport and storage service providers in chains associated with international markets. ______________ EXERCISE 2 Classification. To which subsystem of agribusiness system does each of the following belong? Write AI for agricultural input, AP for agricultural production, FP for food processing, AM for agricultural marketing and AS for agricultural support. 13. Seeds supply _______ 14. Farm equipment and machineries _______ 15. Aquaculture _______ 16. Post-harvest equipment and facilities 17. Rice production _______ 18. Food preservation and packaging _______ 19. Irrigation system 20. Agricultural cooperative _______ 21. Farmers’ loans from banking institutions _______ 22. Pesticides and fungicides_______ 23. Farm subsidies from the government _______ 24. Crop insurance and consultancy _______ 25. Farm-to-market roads EXERCISE 3 Classification. To which subsystem of agribusiness system does each of the following agricultural inputs, goods and services go? Write AI for agricultural input, AP for agricultural production, FP for food processing, AM for agricultural marketing and AS for agricultural support. 26. Fertilizers ________ 27. Post-harvest facilities ________ 28. Product branding ________ 29. Beef and pork ________ Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 2 : AGRIBUSINESS SYSTEM Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 7
  • 8.
    30. Animal feeds________ 31. Wines ________ 32. Cheese production ________ 33. Prawns ________ 34. Delivery trucks ________ EXERCISE 4 Classification. Determine what sector of agribusiness commodity system is considered in each of the following transactions of JNE Foods, an agribusiness firm producing and processing pineapples. 36. JNE buys fertilizers for its pineapple plantation. __________ 37. JNE develops the irrigation system to maintain vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas of pineapple farms. __________ 38. JNE typically uses two tons of pesticides for its entire pineapple farms. __________ 39. JNE builds a farm-to-market road that connect pineapple plantation areas to market towns. __________ 40. JNE receives farm subsidies from the government. __________ 41. JNE packages harvested fresh pineapples to be pineapple chunks.__________ 42. JNE manufactures canned pineapple juices and supplies these to supermarket chains. __________ 43. JNE purchases new production equipment for its pineapple food processing. __________ 44. JNE keeps newly harvested pineapples in a cooling storage to extend the time span of pineapples. __________ 45. JNE processes pineapple leaves to produce piña textile fiber. __________ 46. JNE supplies fresh pineapples to well-known restaurants for their wide array of food desserts. __________ 47. JNE plants pineapples in a 200-hectare land. __________ 48. JNE employs salesforce to market its pineapple food products. __________ 49. JNE borrows loans from a commercial bank for the purchase of new farm equipment. __________ 50. JNE exports pineapples to Asian countries. __________ EXERCISE 5 Agribusiness Stakeholders. Identify the stakeholder of the agribusiness system in the statements below by choosing the correct answer in the following box. 51. _____________ plays an important role in providing a policy environment that is favorable to agribusiness enterprises such as policies on prices, imports, exports and general trading 52. _____________ buys and consumes of agribusiness products produced different income levels and purchasing power 53. _____________ sells agribusiness products produced in home country to international markets. 54. _____________ buys agricultural products in large quantities from producers or importers and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. 55. _____________ is a business organization owned and operated by a group of farmers for their mutual benefit. 56. _____________ engaged in agriculture, who raises livestock or produces crops. 57. _____________ is hired to work in the agricultural farm. 58. _____________ utilizes methods and techniques to transform agricultural commodities into food products for consumption. 59. _____________ moves or transfers agricultural goods from production site to the market via modes of transport. 60. _____________ provides economic services to agribusiness firms like banks, insurance companies and lending institutions. 61. _____________ supplies and distributes resources needed in agricultural production like seeds, agrichemicals and farm equipment. 62. _____________ produces, manufactures and sell agribusiness products. 63. _____________ raise domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting. 64. _____________ distributes and sells food products to market channels (restaurants, supermarkets, etc.) for use and consumption by consumers. 65. _____________ uses management and entrepreneurial skills to handle the farm business. 8
  • 9.
    EXERCISE 6 Analysis Questions.Answer what is asked and required in the following. 66. Discuss the importance of agribusiness system flow in analyzing the agricultural commodity/industry? 67. Choose an agribusiness firm located within your area and identify the actors or stakeholders involved in the following links: 68. Choose one agribusiness firm below. Search the internet and provide the brief company profile of the chosen firm. Discuss its agribusiness commodity system.  McDonald  Jollibee  Del Monte  Dole  Nestle  Pigrolac  San Miguel Corporation  Dizon Farms ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 69. Give at least three food products processed through the following agricultural commodities. Agricultural Product Food Product Tomatoes Pineapples Corn Milkfish Cow Soybeans Strawberries Chicken Eggplant Potatoes 70. Interview a livestock raiser or a crop producer and fill out the table below depicting his or her costs incurred on agricultural inputs. Name of agribusiness: _________________________________ Nature of agribusiness: ________________________________ Agricultural Inputs Costs (in pesos) Agricultural machinery/equipment Seeds/ Fertilizers Animal Feed Agrichemicals (pesticides, fungicides, etc. Buildings Rent Hired labor (farm workers) Post-harvest facilities Veterinary care for livestock Handling and storage facilities Transportation Crop insurance Taxes Others Agribusiness Links/Channels Stakeholder Supplier of farm inputs (seeds, animal feed, etc.) Suppliers of machinery and equipment Purchaser of products Distributors of products Providers of technical services Providers of financial services 9
  • 10.
    1 WORKTEXT 4 :Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com p EXERCISE 1 True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect. 1. Philippines is a country with a large agricultural sector dominating the economy. 2. Philippines imports agricultural products from other countries. __________ 3. Japan is the top importer of agricultural commodities produced in the Philippines. __________ 4. The top agricultural export of the Philippines is coconut. __________ 5. Corn is the second most important crop in the Philippines. __________ 6. Because the country is archipelagic, domestic transportation costs are high. __________ 7. Philippines leads the world in producing and exporting rice. __________ 8. The Philippines is now many years behind some Asian countries like Thailand in integrating small farms into larger agribusiness enterprises. __________ 9. Agriculture or agribusiness belongs to the tertiary sector of the economy. __________ 10. Most Filipinos live in rural areas and support themselves through agriculture. __________ 11. Domestic demand for fish is more substantial than meat consumption. __________ 12. The Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan for 2011-2016 reaffirms the importance of agricultural development for inclusive growth. __________ 13. Supply of Philippine crops is affected annually by strong typhoons hitting the country. __________ 14. Philippine exports of industrially processed foods such as canned tuna and pineapples are on the rise. __________ 15. Organic farming is practiced in the Philippines. __________ EXERCISE 2 Multiple Choice. Encircle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 16. It is the sector engaged in the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruits trees, raising of livestock, poultry, or fish, including the harvesting and marketing of such farm products, and other farm activities and practices. A. Manufacturing sector B. Industrial sector C. Real estate sector D. Services sector E. Agricultural sector 17. Which of these belongs to the agricultural sector of the economy? A. Forestry B. Transportation C. Manufacturing D. Real estate E. Business process outsourcing 18. The country's agriculture sector is made up of four sub- sectors except A. forestry. B. farming. C. agribusiness. D. fisheries. E. livestock. 19. According to World Bank statistics, agriculture sector makes up what percentage of Philippine GDP in 2013? A. 12% B. 50% C. 32% D. 25% E. 6% 20. According to World Bank statistics agriculture sector employs what percentage of the Philippine labor force as of 2013? A. 12% B. 50% C. 32% D. 25% E. 6% 21. It is considered as the most important food crop in the country. A. Corn B. Sugar C. Coconut D. Rice E. Mangoes 22. All of these fruit crops produced in the Philippines have high export volume and value except A. mangoes. B. pineapples. C. coconuts. D. bananas. E. strawberries. Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 4 : PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE AND AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 10
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    WORKTEXT 4 :Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 23. The top export of the Philippines in the fisheries sector is A. milkfish. B. prawns. C. tuna. D. seaweed catfish. 24. Which of these is one of the top trading partners of the Philippines? A. Nigeria B. Germany C. Japan D. Ireland E. Mexico 25. This Philippine region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply, dubbed as “Rice Granary of the Philippines”. A. Region I B. Region II C. Region III D. Region IV E. Region V 26. All of the these are food products being processed in the Philippines except A. tocino and longanisa B. fruit juice C. strawberry jam D. peanut butter E. durian 27. To be an exporter of an agricultural product the country must have its domestic price of the product be A. higher than the foreign price B. lower than foreign price C. equal to foreign price. D. lower than equilibrium price. E. higher than competitor price. 28. The value of agricultural exports for 2009 in the Philippines is amounted to $3.2 billion and the value of imports is amounted to $5. billion. Based on the data, the Philippines suffers from A. trade surplus. B. trade deficit. C. positive next export. D. budget deficit. E. budget surplus 29. Which of the following is a problem in the Philippine agricultural sector? A. Conversion of agricultural land into real properties. B. Inefficient supply chain and logistics systems C. Inadequate irrigation and farm-to-market infrastructure. D. Lack of financial support or subsidies from the government. E. All of these. 30. All of the following are forms of farm infrastructure in the Philippines except A. Farm-to-market roads B. Food terminal C. Seed supplies D. Food processing factories E. Post-harvest processing facilities 31. Environmental damage is a major concern in agriculture sector in the country. Which of these does not belong to the group? A. Coral-reef destruction B. forest destruction C. Siltation and soil erosion D. Organic farming E. Pollution of coastal and marine resources 32. The executive department of the Philippine government responsible for boosting the income of farmers as well as reducing the incidence of poverty in the rural sector is A. DPWH. B. DSWD. C. DAR. D. DA. E. DOF. 33. The “Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 is otherwise known as A. RA 8435. B. RA 6657. C. RA 10409. D. RA 6050. E. RA 4356. 34. Which of the following does not include the principle of "Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997” which empowers the development and sustainability of the agriculture and fisheries sectors. A. Poverty alleviation B. Rational use of resources C. Global competitiveness D. Sustainable development E. Unfair Competition 35. A principle of "Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act pertaining to the ability of the Philippines to compete in terms of price, quality and volume of agricultural products relative to those of other countries. A. Poverty alleviation B. Rational use of resources C. Global competitiveness D. Sustainable development E. Unfair Competition EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine whether each of the following situations affects Philippine agribusiness or agricultural sector. P a () mark if yes a (x) if not. 36. Rice farmers in Nueva Ecija improve their post-harvest processing. _________ 37. Trucking costs of corn have gone down substantially due to improved farm infrastructure. _________ 38. Department of Agriculture provides farm equipment to sugar farmers. _________ 39. Farm producers in Davao produce 3,200 metric tons of pineapples in 2013. _________ 40. A range from 360,000 to 390,000 hectares of farmland are devoted to sugarcane production. _________ 41. The fisheries sector contributes P80.4 billion at current prices this quarter. _________ 42. Prices of banana and mango increased by 7.87 percent and 5.87 percent, respectively, because of sustained demand from both local and foreign markets. _________ 43. Farm lands are abused with the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that contributes to poor harvest. _________ 44. The livestock subsector which shared 16.11 percent in total agricultural production. _________ 45. On the average, prices of agricultural commodities increased by 6.17 percent in the first half of the year. _________ 11
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    WORKTEXT 4 :Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 4 Matching Type. Match each Philippine province with its primary agricultural product having absolute advantage. Write the letter of your choice in the box provided before each number. 46. Pangasinan A. Coffee 47. Masbate B. Corn 48. General Santos C. Banana 49. Ilocos Norte D. Pineapples 50. Bukidnon E. Tobacco 51. Davao F. Tuna 52. Bulacan G. Coconut 53. Benguet H. Rice 54. Batangas I. Castle 55. Aurora J. Tilapia 56. Guimaras K. Mangoes 57. Negros Occidental L. Sugar 58. Nueva Ecija M. Potatoes 59. Cagayan N. Lanzones 60. Camiguin O. Salt EXERCISE 5 Analysis Questions. Provide a concise explanation of the following questions. 61. Provide the statistics for the past three years (2011 – 2013) of the following economic indicators used to monitor the performance of the Philippine agricultural sector. 62. Discuss the importance of agribusiness sector in the Philippine economy. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 63. Explain why service sector dominates the Philippine economy of though the country has an economy with a large agricultural sector. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 64. Explain the roles of the Philippine government in managing the agribusiness sector. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 65. Research on agricultural policies being implemented by the Philippine government used in providing services to the following areas of agricultural sector. Economic Indicators 2011 2012 2013 GDP Share of Agriculture sector Employment Share of Agriculture sector Exports A. Crops B. Livestock and Poultry C. Fisheries Exports A. Crops B. Livestock and Poultry C. Fisheries Average Prices A. Crops B. Livestock and Poultry C. Fisheries A. Crops Area Agricultural policies Agricultural prices (Price floor) Agricultural research Soil and water conservation Farm credit Crop insurance Agricultural machineries and facilities Subsidized sale of farm products 12
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    WORKTEXT 4 :Philippine Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 66. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Philippine agribusiness products in terms of global competitiveness. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 67. Discuss the economic performance of the Philippine agriculture sector in the 1st half of 2014 by providing facts and statistics. . ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 68. Name and discuss five issues and problems that agribusiness sector in the Philippines is facing. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 69. Provide at least five recommendations on how to resolve the problems and improve the overall condition of the Philippine agricultural sector. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 70. How do you see the status of Philippine agricultural sector over the next ten years? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ EXERCISE 6 Market Analysis. Research on the industry and market profile, status and prospects of the following agribusiness products in the Philippine context. You may use a separate paper for this section. Agricultural Products Industry Profile, Status and Prospects 71. Abaca 72. Coffee 73. Milkfish 74. Garlic 75. Beef 13
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    WORKTEXT 5 :Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 1 True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect. 1. Agricultural producers seek highest prices while consumer seek lowest prices. _________ 2. Most agricultural products are differentiated. _________ 3. The price of agricultural product is determined by supply and demand. _________ 4. The demand for agricultural products remains relatively less elastic. _________ 5. Purchase of more inputs actually facilitates more production. _________ 6. Over time, the supply of farm products has declined rapidly because of technological progress. _________ 7. During the harvest season, the supply of agricultural products is low. _________ 8. If supply of agricultural products exceeds demand, a shortage occurs. _________ 9. The quantity to be demanded for an agricultural product rises if the price falls. _________ 10. A supply curve shows all the various prices of a product that agricultural producers are willing to buy. _________ 11. Farmers will have to sell agricultural products in the short run even at very low prices because supply tends to be inelastic. _________ 12. The price elasticity of demand for agricultural products is low. _________ 13. The market for goods such as meat and fresh vegetables is reasonably elastic. _________ 14. During harvest, when supply is high, prices particularly at the farm level are expected to fall. _________ 15. The demand for agricultural products has increased slowly, because it is elastic with respect to income. _________ . EXERCISE 2 Multiple Choice. Encircle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 16. Which of the following is most accurately characterized as a market for agricultural products? The market for A. crop insurance. B. farmland. C. greenhouses. D. sales agents. E. cotton. 17. The observation “as a price of beef falls, consumers buy more of it” is best known as A. diminishing marginal utility. B. consumer surplus. C. the law of demand. D. substitution effect. E. market equilibrium. 18. If a devastating typhoon hit the country, what happens to the market of agricultural products? A. Supply will increase. B. Supply will decrease. C. Supply will stay the same. D. Demand will decrease. E. Price will decrease. 19. Many Filipinos have decreased their consumption of meat and switched to fish or vegetables during holy week. The determinant of demand that is considered in the statement is A. consumer’s expectation B. price of a substitute. C. income. D. tastes and preference. E. consumption. 20. At a price of P35 per kilo, a farmer of calamansi is willing to produce 8,000 units per harvest. At a price of P80 per kilo, it is likely that the calamansi farmer will be willing to produce A. 8,000 kilos per harvest. B. 1,800 kilos per harvest. C. less than 8,000 kilos per harvest. D. more than 8,000 kilos per harvest. E. none. 21. Potatoes are a major ingredient in making potato chips. When the price of the former increases, A. the demand for potatoes decreases. B. the demand for potatoes increases. C. the demand for potatoes will not change. D. the quantity of potatoes demanded increases. E. the quantity of potatoes demanded decreases. Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 5 : MARKET FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 14
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    WORKTEXT 5 :Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 22. Which of these would lead to an increase in the demand for carrots in Baguio City? A. A decrease in farm costs of producing carrots. B. A decrease in the price of lettuce and cabbage. C. A decrease in demand for vegetable salads in restaurants. D. An increase in the number of tourists in Baguio City E. An increase in price per kilo of carrots. 23. Assuming banana lakatan (Good A) and banana senorita (Good B) are closed substitutes, a decrease in the price of banana lakatan will affect the demand curve for banana senorita to A. shift to the left as consumers switch from good A to good B. B. shift to the right as consumers switch from good A to good B C. move leftward as consumers switch from good A to good B. D. move rightward as consumers switch from good A to good B E. remain unchanged, because good A and B are substitutes. 24. In 2009, Benguet was affected by two disastrous typhoons – Ondoy and Pepeng. Benguet is the major producer of several agricultural products in the Philippines. As a result, Benguet reduced some of its vegetable products for domestic consumption. In the context of the domestic supply-demand model for the affected agricultural commodities we should see A. Decreased supply and unchanged demand. B. Decreased demand and unchanged supply. C. Decreased supply and increased demand. D. Increased supply and decreased demand. E. Increased demand and increased supply. 25. What affects the increase in quantity supplied on the market for canned sardines? A. The new canning technology for sardines is applied. B. The price of canned sardines falls. C. The income of consumers rises. D. The cost of tomato sauce and soybean oil increases. E. The price of corned beef and canned tuna declines. 26. Chinese exporters of garlic offered low prices such that domestic producers of garlic were driven out of business. As the number of garlic producers reduced, A. the market supply of garlic increased. B. the market supply of garlic decreased. C. the market demand of garlic decreased. D. the market demand of garlic decreased. E. there was no change in the supply of garlic. 27. Analyze the market for sugarcane. Suppose that sugarcane workers form a farmers’ cooperative and receive a wage increase of P100 per day. A. The demand for sugarcane will increase. B. The demand for sugarcane will decrease. C. The supply of sugarcane will decrease. D. The supply of sugarcane will increase. E. The supply of sugarcane will remain constant. 28. A livestock raiser can raise either goat or pig. If the price of pigs in the market sharply goes up, we can expect the supply of goats will A. increase. B. decrease. C. increase and decrease. D. decrease and increase. E. remain the same. 29. The market for agricultural products is in equilibrium if the A. supply and demand are equal. B. price equals costs plus a profit. C. rate of technological change is steady. D. quantity supplied equals quantity demanded. E. price and quantity of a good are equal. 30. When costs of fertilizers and pesticides in producing strawberries in La Trinidad fall, the equilibrium price of strawberries ________ and the equilibrium quantity of strawberries ________. A. rises; increases B. rises; decreases C. falls; increases D. falls; decreases E. falls; remained constant 31. A decrease in the demand for pork sisig with no change in its supply will create a _______ of pork sisig at today’s price, but gradually the price will _______. A. surplus; fall B. shortage; fall C. surplus; rise D. shortage; rise E. surplus; remain constant 32. When the price of coffee rose 25% the quantity of coffee sold fell 30% and the sale of creamer also fell 20%. This set of facts implies that A. the demand for coffee is price elastic. B. the demand for creamer is price elastic. C. the cross price elasticity between coffee and creamer is negative so the two are complements. D. the cross price elasticity between coffee and creamer is positive so the two are substitutes. E. Coffee and creamer are inferior good. 33. If the income elasticity of demand for tuyo is - 0.25 and the income elasticity of demand for tuna is 1.2 A. tuyo and tuna are substitutes. B. tuyo and tuna are complements. C. tuyo is a normal good and tuna is an inferior good. D. tuyo is an inferior good and tuna is a normal good. E. tuyo and tuna are both normal good. 34. At a price of P120 per kilo the quantity demanded of bangus (milkfish) is 400 per day, and at P60 the quantity demanded is 500 per day. The price elasticity of demand for bangus is A. 1.30 B. 0.33 C. 2.45 D. 0.21 E. 0.82 35. Which of the following agricultural goods would be expected to have the highest price elasticity of demand? A. mango B. beef C. Del Monte pineapple juice D. canned sardines E. cauliflower 15
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    WORKTEXT 5 :Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine whether each of the following characterizes agricultural market. Put a () mark if yes an (𝑥) mark if not. 36. Prices are volatile or remain unstable. 37. Many products are highly perishable. 38. Products are unique or heterogeneous. 39. Agricultural producers are price maker. 40. Demand for most farm products is elastic. 41. Production period of most agricultural products is short. 42. There are few sellers and buyers. 43. Technology increases yield and thus supply. 44. There are limited ways to exit the market. 45. Only a few buyers and sellers act at any one time, within one price range, at any one location. 46. Prices are relatively high and few pay with cash. 47. Most products are produced only in certain season. 48. Quality and quantity of products vary according to the productivity of land, season and climate. 49. When demand suddenly drops, existing supply cannot be removed. 50. There is no central market for most agricultural products. EXERCISE 4 Classification. Determine whether the following pairs of agricultural goods is substitutes or complements. Write S for substitutes, C for complements and N for neither substitutes nor complements. 51. Pineapple juice and orange juice ________ 52. Corned beef and beef ________ 53. Black tea and coffee ________ 54. Ice cream and condensed milk ________ 55. Soy sauce and soybeans ________ 56. Magic Sarap and Knorr Granules ________ 57. Lobsters and crabs ________ 58. Tuna and egg________ 59. Wheat and bread ________ 60. Potatoes and French fries ________ EXERCISE 5 For each of the following, determine if the good has high or low elasticity of demand. Then provide an explanation in your answer. 61. Milk ________ 62. Corn ________ 63. Beef ________ 64. Black pepper ________ 65. Red wine ________ 66. Mozzarella cheese ________ 67. Bacon and ham ________ 68. Cashew nut ________ 69. Sweet potatoes ________ 70. Pickles ________ EXERCISE 6 Classification. Determine whether each of the following will have effect on the change in demand or change in supply of agricultural products. Write CD for change in demand and CS for change in supply. Indicate what variable or factor causes the change. 71. The price of fertilizers and pesticides in producing potatoes increases. _________ 72. The number of farmers producing cabbages in La Trinidad increases. _________ 73. The price of coffee rises so people buy less refined sugar. _________ 74. Agricultural wholesalers import garlic from China. _________ 75. The government provides subsidies to milk producers. _________ 76. Meat processors improve their meat packaging technology. _________ 77. The birth rate in the country increases thus the demand for milk increases. _________ 78. Fruits such as rambutan and lanzones are in season. _________ 79. People affected by typhoon prefer canned food and instant noodles. _________ 80. The price of palm oil increases thus people purchase more corn oil. _________ 81. The wage of farm workers planting sugarcane rises. _________ 82. The incomes of families buying fruits and vegetables sharply rise. _________ 16
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    WORKTEXT 5 :Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 83. Plenty imported grapes and oranges are dumped into the country. _________ 84. Sin taxes are placed on the sales of tobacco and liquor products. _________ 85. Del Monte advertises its product line of pineapple juices. _________ EXERCISE 7 Problem Analysis. You are analyzing the market for watermelons in Pangasinan. Refer to the following illustrations depicting how each of the following events affects the demand and supply of watermelons. Write the letter of your choice on the blank provided after the number and indicate the factor that may cause the change. 86. Many fruit buyers do not like the tastes of newly introduced varieties of watermelons_________ 87. Watermelon with red flesh is a significant source of lycopene and beta carotene. Consumers become health- conscious in eating fruits. ___________ 88. Food processors increase their order for watermelon to process pickled watermelon and wine watermelon. 89. Better-trained and productive farm workers are hired in watermelon production_________ 90. Many farmers farm watermelons, as they perceived lucrative business in watermelon production. _________ 91. The incomes of families buying fruits sharply fall.________ 92. The cost of watermelon seeds and fertilizers increases. _________ 93. A devastating typhoon hit Pangasinan affecting the yield of watermelon farmers. _________ 94. Imported watermelons from China are dumped into the Philippine market. _________ 95. During December, many purchase watermelons because the fruit is in season. _________ 96. There is an oil price roll back thus the transportation and delivery costs of watermelon decrease. _________ 97. Fruit vendors expect the price of watermelon per kilo to increase from P50 to P80 next week. _________ 98. Crop producers encounter problems in irrigation system. _________ 99. Most fruit stands offer a lowered price of cucumber and melons, closed substitutes for watermelon. 100.Supermarket chain in Pangasinan like CSI and Magic buy bulk orders of watermelon from watermelon traders. 101.Farm-to-market roads are built connecting watermelon plantation areas to market towns. __________ 102.Watermelon producers receive farm subsidies from the local government. _________ 103.Agricultural machineries in watermelon production are upgraded. _________ 104.Farmers anticipate a dramatic increase in the price of watermelons next month. _________ 105.Pests damage most of the watermelon farms. ________ EXERCISE 8 Market Analysis. Analyze and answer what is required in the following problems. A. Suppose the market for tuna in General Santos City, Philippines is described by the accompanying diagram. 106.In the diagram, what is the curve that slopes downward? 107.What is the quantity of tuna demanded if price is P250? 108.What is the quantity of garlic supplied if price is P300? 109.What is the price of tuna if quantity supplied is 300 thousand kilos? 110.What is the equilibrium price? 111.What is the equilibrium quantity? 17
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    WORKTEXT 5 :Market for Agricultural Products Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com 112.At a price of P280, is there a shortage or a surplus of tuna? By how many units? 113.At a price of P90, is there is a shortage or a surplus of tuna? By how many units? 114.What is the demand equation for this diagram? 115.What is the supply equation for this diagram? B. Assume the market supply and demand for goat meat in Pangasinan is represented by the following schedule. (Price in pesos and quantity in thousand kilos) Price Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied 120 70 10 140 60 20 160 50 30 180 40 40 200 30 50 220 20 60 116.Draw a graph of the market for goat meat and mark in the equilibrium price and quantity. 117.If the price of goat meat is P120 per kilo, describe the situation in the milkfish market. 118.If the price of goat meat is P180 per kilo, describe the situation in the milkfish market. 119.Suppose that there is high demand from “kambingan” eateries and the quantity of meat goat demanded increases by 20 thousand kilos a month at each price. Create a new demand schedule representing higher demand for goat meat. Explain what happens in the market and draw a graph to illustrate the changes. 120.Suppose that many livestock raisers engaged in goat industry, as they perceived lucrative business in goat production and the quantity of meat goat supplied raises by 40 thousand kilos a month at each price. Create a new supply schedule representing higher supply of goat meat. Explain what happens in the market and draw a graph to illustrate the changes. C. Suppose the market for tocino in Pangasinan per month is expressed by the following demand and supply functions, where 𝑄 is in thousand kilos and 𝑃 is in pesos: 𝑄 𝑑 = 1,250 − 2𝑃 and 𝑄𝑠 = 600 + 3𝑃 121.What is the quantity supplied if the price is Php 85? 122.What is the quantity demanded if the price is Php 170? 123.What is the price if the quantity supplied is 670 units? 124.What is the highest price to be paid for this commodity? 125.What quantity will be demanded if the commodity is free? 126.What is the equilibrium price? 127.What is the equilibrium quantity? 128.What is the price elasticity of demand if the price of tocino increases from P120 to P100. 129.If the demand function shifts to 𝑄𝑑 = 1,150 − 2𝑃, find the equilibrium price and quantity. 130.Graph on the same set of axes the demand and supply curves. Indicate the point of equilibrium and show on the same diagram the change in demand. EXERCISE 8 Market Analysis. Do a market analysis by determining the factors that may cause the change in demand and supply of the following agricultural and food products. Use a separate paper to answer this section. JNE 12/11/14 Agricultural / Food Products Demand Analysis Supply Analysis 131. Catfish 132. Broccoli 133. Balut 134. Dried mangoes 135. Onions 136. Buko juice 137. Cane vinegar 138. Moringa 139. Lansones 140. Palm oil 18
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    1 WORKTEXT 6 :AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 1 True or False. Write True if the statement is correct. If false, change the underline word/phrase to make the statement correct. 1. Agricultural marketing includes all channels and services involved in moving an agricultural product from the farm to the ultimate consumer. __________ 2. Production sector comprises the intermediaries who perform necessary marketing services. __________ 3. Demand is the sole end purpose of all production. __________ 4. Agricultural firms that are inefficient and can deliver quality products are those that succeed in agribusiness ventures. __________ 5. The farmer's interest is focused on getting the best return from his produce, which equates to minimum price for unlimited quantities. __________ 6. Financing supports the marketing process because without financial capital there can be no consumption. __________ 7. Activities in marketing agricultural products such as harvesting, processing, storage, distribution, advertising and sale are not interconnected. __________ 8. Processing is a way of adding returns to an agricultural product. __________ 9. Institutional approach of marketing deals with the study of industry players of the marketing system. _________ 10. Commodity approach of marketing organizes the activities that occur in the marketing process according to function. __________ 11. Promotion includes every aspect of advertising, packaging and sales methodology. __________ 12. The 4Ps of marketing include product, price, place and promotion. __________ 13. The marketing concept holds that the needs of the farmers are of paramount importance. __________ 14. The commodities who are graded and standardized fetch lower prices in the market. __________ 15. Introduction stage for a product is period of slowdown in sales growth. __________ EXERCISE 2 Identification. What agricultural marketing concept is being described in each of the following? Write the answer in the boxes provided after the statement. 16. Stages or categories of activities in the movement of food and fiber from farm to the consumer. 17. The physical movement goods to various locations in the marketing process. 18. The end user who buys agricultural and food products produced. 19. The conversion of agricultural commodities to different forms of food products. 20. Massing quantities of farm products from several producers and the delivery of farm products to a central location. 21. The specific location where suppliers and potential buyers meet for the purpose of trade by purchase and sale. 22. The amount of money a buyer will pay for an agricultural commodity. 23. The chain marketing activities that a product follows on its way from producer to consumer. 24. A physical marketing function that assure uniformity of products by quality, size, species, or other criteria 25. The set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus WORKTEXT 6 : AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________ 19
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    WORKTEXT 6 :AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 3 Classification. Suppose you are analyzing the marketing system of JNE Farms, an agribusiness firm producing fruits and vegetables. Determine what function of agricultural marketing system is considered in each of these cases. Write E for exchange function, P for physical function and F for facilitating function. 26. JNE Farms ensures the quality of produced fruits and vegetables. ________ 27. JNE Farms minimizes its shipping costs as much as possible. ________ 28. JNE Farms establishes long-term relationship with its supermarket buyers. ________ 29. JNE Farms wishes to meet the needs of importing countries who buy its agricultural products. ________ 30. JNE Farms processes pickles, jams and jellies that add value to the produced fruits and vegetable. ________ 31. JNE Farms conducts marketing research to identify and analyze marketing opportunities and problems. ________ 32. JNE Farms maintains proper packaging to protect crops for distribution and sale. ________ 33. JNE Farms considers alternative routes and types of transportation, with a view to achieving delivery timelines. ________ 34. JNE Farms makes sure that uniform measurements of produce quality and/or quantity is maintained. ________ 35. JNE Farms buys fertilizers and other farm inputs for its vegetable and fruit production ________ 36. JNE Farms ensures that newly harvested crops are kept in a cooling storage to extend their time span. ________ 37. JNE Farms supplies fresh fruits and vegetables to local retailers and wholesalers.________ 38. JNE Farms secures loans from a commercial bank to finance the business. ________ 39. JNE Farms incurs losses due to physical risk like pests and floods. ________ 40. JNE processes pineapple leaves to produce piña textile fiber. __________ EXERCISE 4 Classification. To what sector or institution of marketing system does each of the following interconnected activities belong? Write I for input sector, F for farm production sector, P for processing sector and S for support sector. 41. Seeds and seedlings ________ 42. Technology commercialization ________ 43. Milling ________ 44. Meat processing ________ 45. Farm machineries ________ 46. Animal feed ________ 47. Livestock raising ________ 48. Crop farming ________ 49. Fruit and vegetable preservation ________ 50. Transport and assembly ________ EXERCISE 5 Classification. To what sector of agribusiness marketing system does each of the following market participants or stakeholders belong. Write P for production sector, M for marketing sector, and C for consumption sector. 51. Corporate farms ________ 52. Processors ________ 53. Institutional buyers ________ 54. Retailers ________ 55. Contract buyer ________ 56. Cooperatives ________ 57. Consumers ________ 58. Transporters ________ 59. Exporters________ 60. Farmers ________ EXERCISE 6 Classification. The following are competitive strategies undertaken by competitors in the market to defend their market position. Determine what category of competitor is described for each of these competitive strategies. 61. Mobile defense ________ 62. Frontal attack ________ 63. Counterfeiter ________ 64. Imitator ________ 65. End-user specialist ________ 66. Vertical-level specialist ________ 67. Preemptive defense ________ 68. Bypass attack ________ 69. Adapter ________ 70. Guerilla attack ________ 20
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    WORKTEXT 6 :AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 7 Classification. Determine what model of marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion) is involved in each of these indicators. 71. Agricultural or food product is produced in a high quality. ________ 72. Price is offered lower than competitors. ________ 73. Products are influenced by consumer preference. ________ 74. Products are showcased or exhibited in trade fairs. ________ 75. A product is well-packaged for sale. ________ 76. Price points for products are established. ________ 77. Presence of retailers, wholesalers, distributors in selling agricultural products. ________ 78. Use of media advertising in marketing the product. ________ 79. Having strategic and accessible selling location. ________ 80. Giving discounts during Holiday seasons. ________ 81. Selling the products through the Internet. ________ 82. Farm producers analyze how price sensitive are the consumers in the price change of products. ________ 83. Granting gift items or freebies to customers. ________ 84. Keeping the business environment clean, convenient, comfortable & welcoming. ________ 85. Application of sales promotion like holding contest, raffle draws, etc. ________ EXERCISE 8 Classification. Identify what stage of agricultural product life cycle is characterized in each items below. Write I for introduction stage, G for growth stage, M for maturity stage and S for saturation stage. 86. Increase in competitors entering the market. ________ 87. Sales volume of products decreases. ________ 88. Production costs are very high. ________ 89. Costs decline due to economies of scale. ________ 90. Price falls because of increased competition. ________ 91. Costs are lowered as a result of production volumes increasing. ________ 92. Profits fall. ________ 93. Costs become counter-optimal. ________ 94. Sales volume peaks and market saturation is reached. ________ 95. Profitability starts to rise. ________ EXERCISE 9 Illustrate in a process the marketing channel for the following agricultural products. 96. Marketing Channel of Dragon Fruit 97. Marketing Channel of Tilapia 98. Marketing Channel of Beef 99. Marketing Channel of Fish Feeds 100. Marketing Channel of Cabbage 21
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    WORKTEXT 6 :AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Econ 124 – Agribusiness Management www.jamesonestrada.com EXERCISE 10 Analysis Questions. Interview an agribusiness firm in your area. Ask the firm the questions that follow. Write the answers and responses in the blanks provided for. Agribusiness Business Name ___________________________ Nature of Agribusiness ________________________________ Owner/Entrepreneur __________________________________ Business Location ___________________________________ 101. What are the products you are selling and marketing? Describe the market for these products. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 102. What are the interconnected marketing activities of your firm? Discuss each of these activities. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 103.Are there products that the firm currently markets to which more value could be added? If yes, which processes would be needed to achieve this (sorting and selection, preserving, processing, packaging, trademark, etc.)? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 104. Where and how do you buy your raw materials, processing and packaging inputs, and the technology you used in production? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 105. What do you do to defend your market position or to be competitive over competitors? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 106. What are the different promotional practices by the firm in marketing agribusiness products? Which is the most effective? Why? _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 107. Explain the marketing channel and process of your agricultural products. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 108. What are the marketing functions the firm carries out? How does the firm execute these functions? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 109. Who are the stakeholders or key players of the firm in the agribusiness marketing system? Discuss their respective roles. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 110. What are the marketing problems your agribusiness firm faces? Discuss how you are able to resolve the problems. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ JNE 1/7/15 22
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    A. BOOKS ANDE-BOOKS Beierlein, James G., PRINCIPLES OF AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 4th Edition, Cengage Learning, New York USA, 2011 Besanko, D., D. Dranove, M. Shanley and S. Schaefer. Economics of Strategy. 5th Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2010 Burkett, Charles William, et. al., AGRICULTURE FOR BEGINNERS REVISED EDITION, www.gutenberg.org, USA, 2007 Burrow, James L. et. al. BUSINESS PRINCIPLES AND MANAGEMENT 12th Edition, Thomson Higher Education, Ohio, USA, 2008 Debertin, David L., AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ECONOMICS, Macmillan Publishing Company, New Jersey, USA, 2012 Downy, David W., et.al. AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 2nd Edition. New York: McgrawHill Book Company, 1987. Goodman, John W., et. al AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2nd Edition. Virginia Reston Publishing Company, Inc., 1982. Kotler, Philip and Keller, Kevin Lane, MARKETING MANAGEMENT, 14th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, USA, 2012 Mason, John, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, 2nd Edition, Landlinks Press, Australia, 2003 Pingali, Prabhu L., AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, et. al., Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, 2010. Ray, Herren V., THE SCIENCE OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE, 4th Edition, Delmar, Cengage Learning, New York, USA, 2012 B. OTHER SOURCES Asian Productivity Organization, (1990), MARKETING SYSTEMS FOR FARM PRODUCTS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo Pilar Santacoloma MATERIALS FOR AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT, MARKETING AND FINANCE, Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations Rome, 2009 R.A. 8435, THE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION ACT 1997. C. ONLINE SOURCES http://www.fao.org/docrep/ http://www.agribusiness-with-smallholders.net/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/Guide- Growing_Business_with_Smallholders_large.pdf http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3125e/i3125e00.pdf http://www.oecd.org/derec/worldbankgroup/46991507.pdf http://www.catif.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/PhilAgribusiness_FinalReport_July2012_IFC.pd http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABS348.pdf http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/md923e/md923e00.pdf www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/mathprogall.pdf www.fao.org/world/syria/gcpita/.../01-Agricultural_Economics_En.pdff www.angrau.ac.in/media/1640/AECO141.pdff www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c10/e5-15a-14.pdf www.afr-sd.org/publications/103swazi.pdf www.angrau.ac.in/media/1639/AECO%20342.pdf https://www.ifama.org/publications/journal/vol14/cmsdocs/14i4.pdf REFERENCES 23
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