After the discoveries
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The document summarizes the major events after the initial European discoveries of Africa and the Americas. It describes how the Treaty of Tordesillas divided control between Portugal and Spain, with Spain claiming lands to the west and Portugal to the east. It then discusses key explorers like Vespucci and conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro who explored and conquered lands for Spain, with Cortes overthrowing the Aztec empire and Pizarro conquering the Inca in Peru. These conquests had wide-ranging effects, including the destruction of native civilizations, spread of European languages and Christianity, establishment of the slave trade, and great wealth brought back to Europe.
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World History Ch. 16 Section 1 Notes
European explorers launched voyages of discovery during the 15th and 16th centuries, driven by desires for wealth, glory and spreading faith. Portugal, led by Prince Henry, pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa hoping to find a sea route to India. Key explorers included da Gama, who reached India, and Columbus, who reached the Americas while seeking Asia but landed in a new continent. Magellan later became the first to circumnavigate the globe. Other European nations like England, France and the Netherlands later joined exploration seeking wealth and glory through finding routes to Asia.
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Europeans arrived in Latin America in the 1400s as Spain and Portugal searched for new trade routes to Asia. Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas while searching for Asia on behalf of Spain. Spain and Portugal then became rivals seeking to claim land in the new world. Spanish conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Inca empires, giving Spain control over much of Latin America by 1535. Spain and Portugal divided influence over the new world along an imaginary line of demarcation in 1494.
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This document contains a multiple choice quiz about early Latin American history. It asks questions about the locations and conquistadors of the Aztec and Inca civilizations, how the conquistadors were able to defeat these large empires, the impacts of colonization including diseases that killed many native populations and the introduction of the triangular slave trade between Africa, Europe and the Americas. It also covers the long term effects of Spanish and Portuguese colonization on the languages and religions predominant in Latin America today.
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Cortés and Pizarro, with only a few hundred men, were able to conquer the massive Aztec and Inca empires through military tactics, forming alliances with neighboring tribes, and unwittingly spreading deadly diseases that the native populations had no immunity against, killing 90% of the people. While the Spanish gained wealth and power, establishing Spain as a major world power, the native populations suffered immense loss of life and loss of their traditional ways of life.
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Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish control following Columbus' discovery. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico with just 500 men, defeating them at their capital Tenochtitlan after a smallpox epidemic weakened them. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the vast Inca Empire in Peru, capturing its emperor Atahualpa and looting its gold before destroying the empire. Both conquests had immense impacts, destroying native civilizations and establishing Spanish rule.
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Conquistadors
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish control following Columbus' discovery. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico with just 500 men, defeating them at their capital Tenochtitlan after a smallpox epidemic weakened them. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the vast Inca Empire in Peru, capturing its emperor Atahualpa and looting its gold before destroying the empire. Both conquests had immense impacts, destroying native civilizations and establishing Spanish rule.
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2. Europeans began exploring in the 15th century for economic, religious, and political reasons, seeking new trade routes, wealth, and converts to Christianity. This led to contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas.
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The Spanish built an empire in the Americas by conquering the Aztec and Inca empires and appointing viceroys to govern. The Portuguese established Brazil as their colony due to a treaty, but few initially settled due to difficult conditions. European powers like France, England, and the Netherlands then established colonies in North America, often trading with Native Americans, leading to tensions and the French and Indian War between the French and English colonies over territory.
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Early explorers - this is a set of summary slides after an in class activity
Prince Henry the Navigator established a navigational school in Portugal, launching their era of exploration down the African coast. Bartolomeu Diaz and Vasco de Gaga extended this, with da Gama discovering a route to India, elevating Portugal's status. Meanwhile, Christopher Columbus sailed west for Spain in 1492, landing in the Caribbean and claiming the land for Spain while conquering native populations devastated by disease. Spain and Portugal divided control of newly discovered lands through the Treaty of Tordesillas, establishing spheres of influence. Later, Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro conquered the powerful Aztec and Inca empires in Mexico and Peru respectively, aided by smallpox outbreaks.
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The document discusses how the discovery of the Americas changed world history. It notes that Europeans began colonizing the Americas, unlike their exploration of Asia and Africa which was primarily for economic reasons. Spain and Portugal focused on Mesoamerica and South America, where they found gold and silver and began trading and conquering. The Spanish grew sugar on Caribbean plantations using enslaved native and later African workers. The Spanish and Portuguese colonies were led by a viceroy appointed by the king, and Catholicism was spread though it was not the main goal of colonization.
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This document provides an overview of early Native American cultures, their interactions with Europeans, and the establishment of colonial powers in the Americas. It describes diverse Native American societies across North and South America, including the Aztecs and their large cities. It then summarizes the earliest contacts between Native Americans and Europeans like Columbus, the conquests of the Aztecs and Incas, and the problems that arose from the conquistadors systems of control.
American colonies
The document summarizes the early colonization efforts of Europeans in North America from the 16th century through the early 17th century. It discusses how the Spanish and French initially explored the southeast and northeast regions, while the English later established colonies along the mid-Atlantic coast led by figures like Walter Ralegh. The first English settlements at Roanoke Island in 1585 and Jamestown in 1607 struggled but eventually thrived through the cultivation of tobacco in the 1610s. As tobacco grew as a lucrative cash crop, it led to population growth and conflicts with Native Americans over land.
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Portugal established an early dominance in exploration under Prince Henry the Navigator, with explorers like Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco de Gama expanding Portugal's reach down the African coast and to India, making Portugal the most powerful European nation for a time. Christopher Columbus, sailing for Spain, was the first European to reach the Americas in 1492, landing in the Caribbean and establishing Spanish colonies, though he later died in poverty. Spain and Portugal raced to claim territory in the new world, leading the Pope to intervene and divide control between them with the Treaty of Tordesillas. Conquistadors like Hernan Cortez and Francisco Pizzaro then conquered the Aztec and Inca empires, bringing vast wealth back
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This document summarizes the key events surrounding the settlement of North America by European powers between 1000-1650 CE. It discusses the political, economic, and technological developments in Europe that enabled exploration, including the Protestant Reformation, rise of nation-states, and advances in navigation. It then outlines the colonial efforts and impacts of the four major European powers in North America: Spain, France, the Netherlands, and England. Specific colonies founded by each are named and their economies, populations, and systems of governance discussed. The document also examines the growth of slavery in the English colonies and its importance to the development of plantation economies in the Americas.
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1. The first Americans migrated to North America from Asia across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age, gradually migrating south following food sources.
2. Europeans began exploring in the 15th century for economic, religious, and political reasons, seeking new trade routes, wealth, and converts to Christianity. This led to contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas.
3. The major European powers that engaged in colonization of North America were Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands in the 16th-18th centuries, with Spain establishing the first permanent colonies through conquests of the Aztecs and Incas for gold and territory.
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The document defines key terms related to the Spanish conquest of the Americas and colonization, including encomiendas (land grants with native inhabitants), viceroys (royal representatives), conquistadors (Spanish explorers), and Las Casas (Dominican missionary). It also profiles important figures like Francisco Pizarro (conqueror of Peru), Montezuma (Aztec emperor), and La Malinche (Nahua woman who assisted Hernan Cortes).
15.3 the struggle for north america
The document summarizes the establishment and growth of the French and English colonies in North America between the 1500s-1700s. It explains that New France grew slowly due to a harsh climate and restrictions on Protestant settlers, while the English colonies expanded rapidly through growing cash crops and establishing self-governance. It also describes how competition for power and territory between France and England led to the French and Indian War, culminating in British control of North America per the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
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The document summarizes key developments during the Modern Age from 1492 to 1848. It describes how kingdoms joined into nations with kings, ministers, and nobility during this period. There was significant exploration and colonization which led to new trade goods from places like America. Banking was established. The social structure remained stratified but tensions grew between social classes. Significant scientific advancements were also made through inventions. The document then focuses on specific events like the failed Gunpowder Plot by Guy Fawkes in 1605 to blow up the English Parliament.
Columbian Exchange
The document discusses the Columbian Exchange, the global transfer of foods, plants, animals, and other items between Europe and the Americas during the colonization period. It led to both positive and negative impacts. The document also discusses the rise of capitalism through joint-stock companies and the economic theory of mercantilism, which aimed to gain wealth through obtaining gold/silver and maintaining a favorable trade balance.
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Early Portuguese and Spanish explorations were primarily motivated by the desire to find a direct trade route to Asia for lucrative spices. Led by Prince Henry of Portugal, the Portuguese pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa, hoping to reach Asia and its spice-producing islands. Notable explorers included Vasco da Gama, who reached India by sailing around Africa in 1498. Christopher Columbus, sponsored by the Spanish monarchs, sailed west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia but instead discovered the Americas. Subsequent European powers engaged in exploration to find alternative routes to Asia for trade and its riches in spices.
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This document provides interesting facts about several places in the United States, including New York City, San Francisco, Arizona, Philadelphia, and North Carolina. Some key details include that New York City was the capital of the United States in the 1780s, San Francisco was built on 43 hills and has the largest Chinese population outside of Asia, Arizona has cotton, copper, cattle and citrus as major industries, Philadelphia was the first capital of the United States and was where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and North Carolina had the first English settlement in North America and was the site of the first powered flight.
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The French established fur trading posts in Canada to exploit the territory's trading potential. They allied with Algonquian tribes but faced threats from the Iroquois, who wanted to disrupt French trade. Despite struggles with disease, war, and exploitation that hurt colonial development, the French expanded their North American fur trade and established Louisiana, allying with various Indian tribes but struggling with economic and environmental challenges.
Impact of spanish exploration
Columbus' voyage in 1492 revealed two new continents to Europeans and established the first colony in the New World. Magellan proved you could sail around the globe by circumnavigating and expanded geographic knowledge. The early Spanish rule in the Americas forced native people to work as slaves, convert to Christianity, and introduced diseases that killed millions while establishing colonies.
Intro to exploration
The document discusses the Age of Exploration, beginning with Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492 which landed in the Caribbean believing he had reached India. It then discusses other European explorers like Amerigo Vespucci and Ferdinand Magellan who mapped and explored new territories. The Spanish conquistadors encountered the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas and brought back gold, silver, and diseases that killed many native peoples. The English and French began exploring northern routes when the southern routes were claimed. John Cabot explored the northeast coast of North America for England. Francis Drake began raiding Spanish ships, leading to conflict like the Spanish Armada. The explorations expanded European knowledge and influence around the world.
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Early explorers - this is a set of summary slides after an in class activity
Early explorers - this is a set of summary slides after an in class activity
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Chapter 1 - New World Beginnings
The document provides an overview of the peopling and early history of North America. It describes how the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Various groups migrated across a land bridge between Asia and North America around 35,000 years ago to populate the Americas. Corn was domesticated in Mexico around 5,000 BC, allowing for settled farming communities and the rise of early civilizations like the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. Europeans began exploring and colonizing the Americas around 500 years ago, bringing both old and new world plants, animals, and diseases, radically transforming the populations and environments of both regions.
Chapter 2 part 1 & 2
Europeans colonized North America for several key reasons:
1) Prejudice - European colonists viewed indigenous people as inferior and did not understand resistance to change.
2) Slavery - The slave trade brought thousands of Africans to work plantations, and many Europeans believed slavery was acceptable.
3) Economic factors - The "triangle trade" routed goods and slaves between West Africa, the Caribbean/American colonies, and Britain for mutual economic benefit, especially through the slave trade.
Age of Exploration in Georgia
The document summarizes the Spanish exploration of North America, including the establishment of missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism. It describes Hernando de Soto as the first European to extensively explore the interior of the southeastern United States, though his expedition brutally attacked and enslaved many Native villages in search of gold. The Spanish missions had varying success over 100 years but ultimately failed as the British aided Native Americans in expelling the Spanish from Georgia.
APUSH Chapter 1 American Pageant
1) Europeans were interested in finding trade routes to Asia after Marco Polo's travels to China in the late 13th century.
2) In the 1450s, the Portuguese developed new sailing technologies like the caravel that allowed them to explore along the west coast of Africa.
3) Columbus received funding from Spain in 1492 to sail west to reach Asia, but instead discovered the Americas, opening the door for widespread exploration and colonization of the new world by Europeans over subsequent centuries.
Age of exploration modified
1) Europeans explored North America in the 15th-16th centuries seeking riches, land, and converts to Christianity.
2) The Spanish established missions along the Georgia coast and interior to convert Native Americans to Catholicism and integrate them into Spanish society.
3) Hernando de Soto's 1540 expedition through what is now Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama introduced horses and guns to Native Americans but also led to violence and disease that killed thousands of Native Americans and many of de Soto's men.
Exploration Power Point
1) Europeans began exploring North America in the late 15th/early 16th century in search of riches, religious freedom, and international prestige. France, Spain, and England all established early colonies.
2) Spanish explorers like Ponce de Leon, Cortez, Pizarro, Allyon, and De Soto explored much of the Southeast between the 1520s-1540s, establishing missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism. However, many missions failed and native populations declined due to violence and introduced diseases.
3) Hernando De Soto's 1539-1542 expedition through what is now Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama introduced horses and guns to
Age Of Discovery
Spain began settling the Caribbean islands in the 15th century and conquered the Aztec and Inca empires in mainland America. They went on to establish a vast empire stretching from Canada to Tierra del Fuego. Seeking an alternative trade route to Asia, Spain explored Africa, Asia, and the Americas, establishing global links and trading gold, silver, spices, and other goods. This contact produced the Columbian Exchange and led to Europe dominating most of the world in the Age of Imperialism.
The Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire consisted of territories across Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania from the 15th through 20th centuries. In the 16th century, Spain took control of large parts of North and South America by conquering the Aztec and Inca empires through military tactics, alliances with rival groups, and the spread of disease. Though Spain's empire was vast, it declined in the following centuries through independence movements and military defeats against other European powers like France.
Amsc och01
This document provides an overview of the exploration, discovery, and settlement of North America between 1492-1700. It describes the cultures that existed in North America prior to European contact, including both small nomadic groups and larger complex societies. It then outlines factors that drove European exploration such as technological advances, religious conflicts, trade expansion, and the development of nation-states. Key early explorers and their voyages are summarized, including Columbus, Cabot, Cartier, and others. Spanish and English colonial settlements are briefly described.
History assignment
The document summarizes the European colonization of America between 1500-1800 CE. It discusses the initial colonizers (Spain, Portugal, France, Britain, Netherlands), their reasons for colonizing (gold, trade, plantations), and their colonial settlements. It also describes the negative impacts on native populations like population decline due to disease and warfare. Slavery of black and native people is discussed as the colonizers established plantations using forced labor. The American Revolution and independence from Britain is summarized.
European exploration 10 11
1. European explorers like Columbus and Cortes explored the Americas in the late 1400s-1500s seeking gold, glory, and to spread Christianity.
2. Columbus established the first permanent colony in the Americas but failed to find a direct trade route to Asia.
3. Subsequent Spanish explorers like Coronado searched the interior of North America, including Texas, for rumored cities of gold but found no riches.
4. French explorers like La Salle later explored Texas in the late 1600s, claiming the region for France in hopes of establishing profitable colonies.
European exploration 10 11
1. European explorers like Columbus and Cortes explored the Americas in the late 1400s-1500s seeking gold, glory, and to spread Christianity on behalf of their European monarchies.
2. They established early colonies and sparked further exploration, though they did not find the riches they sought.
3. Later Spanish explorers like Coronado and De Soto searched the interior of North America, including Texas, for the fabled "Seven Cities of Gold" but also found no riches, though they mapped much of the region.
4. Competition from other European powers like France in the 1600s-1700s led Spain to increase its colonial claims and missionary activity in Texas through the establishment of missions.
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Spanish Conquest in America and Competing in North America
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After the discoveries
- 1. After the Discoveries • The Treaty of Tordesillas divided up Africa and America between the Portuguese and the Spanish • Spain got everything to the west and Portugal everything to the east • Amerigo Vespucci was another explorer who went to the voyages to the west • He realised that the land Columbus had found was actually a new continent
- 2. After the Discoveries • The continent was then named after him • The Spanish set about taking over the land they were given in America • The first conquistador was Cortes • He went on to conquer the great Aztec tribe in Mexico • He was made governor of the area by the Spanish king
- 5. After the Discoveries • The second conquistador was Pizarro • He went on the conquer the Inca tribe in Peru • This base in south America allowed the Spanish to conquer most of South America quickly • The discovery and conquest of both Africa and America had far reaching effects
- 9. After the Discoveries • Native civilisations were destroyed over time • European languages were introduced • Christianity was spread in the newly discovered regions • A slave trade developed which saw millions of people forced to work for the European powers • It also had its effects on Europe
- 11. After the Discoveries • The discoveries brought great wealth to the European powers • New foods and spices were brought to Europe for the first time • Europeans also took the opportunity to settle on the new lands that were discovered