This document defines and provides examples of different types of folk literature, including myths, folk tales, tall tales, and epics. Myths are fictional stories that explain natural phenomena and were meant to reinforce cultural values. Folk tales were oral traditions that often featured heroes and magic and were used to teach lessons. Tall tales featured exaggerated stories told in everyday language. Epics were long poems about gods and heroes that incorporated elements of myth, history, and intervention by the gods.
The document provides an overview of Philippine folk narratives, myths, gods/goddesses, folktales, legends, and elements of stories. It notes that folk narratives are stories passed down orally over generations that reflect tradition and beliefs. Myths typically explain natural phenomena or actions of gods/heroes. The document then lists many gods and goddesses from Philippine mythology and provides examples of folktales, legends, and elements of stories like setting, characters, plot, theme, point of view, and types of conflict.
Knowing the critic's specific purpose may be to make value judgments on a work, to explain his or her interpretation of the work, or to provide other readers with relevant historical or biographical information and the critic's general purpose, in most cases that is to enrich the reader's understanding of the literary work presented.
This document discusses different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, place, degree, manner, and frequency. It provides examples of how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. The document also distinguishes between adjectives and adverbs, noting that adjectives modify nouns while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Two giants from the north and south came to the land of Bohol during the rainy season and argued over who owned the land. They began throwing balls of mud at each other, and their fight left behind hills of mud where the balls of thrown mud had landed. During the summer, these mud hills resemble chocolate candies from above, which is why they became known as the Chocolate Hills of Bohol.
Pilandok wanted to cross a wide river filled with crocodiles. He tricked the crocodiles by telling them the datu wanted to count them, so they should line up across the river. The crocodiles believed him. Pilandok then jumped from crocodile to crocodile to cross the river. Once he reached the other side, he admitted he lied and quickly ran home.
This document discusses mythological and archetypal approaches to literature as outlined by various critics and theorists such as Joseph Campbell, William Blake, Alan W. Watts, and Philip Wheelwright. It explores common archetypes, images, motifs, and characters that appear across myths and stories from different cultures and elicit universal human reactions. These include elements like water, the sun, colors, circles, snakes, numbers, and archetypal figures like the wise old man, trickster, and mother figures. It also examines common archetypal themes and situations like creation, immortality, and the hero's quest. Northrop Frye and Carl Jung contributed to understanding how archetypes reveal themselves through dreams and in different genres of literature.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of folk literature, including myths, folk tales, tall tales, and epics. Myths are fictional stories that explain natural phenomena and were meant to reinforce cultural values. Folk tales were oral traditions that often featured heroes and magic and were used to teach lessons. Tall tales featured exaggerated stories told in everyday language. Epics were long poems about gods and heroes that incorporated elements of myth, history, and intervention by the gods.
The document provides an overview of Philippine folk narratives, myths, gods/goddesses, folktales, legends, and elements of stories. It notes that folk narratives are stories passed down orally over generations that reflect tradition and beliefs. Myths typically explain natural phenomena or actions of gods/heroes. The document then lists many gods and goddesses from Philippine mythology and provides examples of folktales, legends, and elements of stories like setting, characters, plot, theme, point of view, and types of conflict.
Knowing the critic's specific purpose may be to make value judgments on a work, to explain his or her interpretation of the work, or to provide other readers with relevant historical or biographical information and the critic's general purpose, in most cases that is to enrich the reader's understanding of the literary work presented.
This document discusses different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, place, degree, manner, and frequency. It provides examples of how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. The document also distinguishes between adjectives and adverbs, noting that adjectives modify nouns while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Two giants from the north and south came to the land of Bohol during the rainy season and argued over who owned the land. They began throwing balls of mud at each other, and their fight left behind hills of mud where the balls of thrown mud had landed. During the summer, these mud hills resemble chocolate candies from above, which is why they became known as the Chocolate Hills of Bohol.
Pilandok wanted to cross a wide river filled with crocodiles. He tricked the crocodiles by telling them the datu wanted to count them, so they should line up across the river. The crocodiles believed him. Pilandok then jumped from crocodile to crocodile to cross the river. Once he reached the other side, he admitted he lied and quickly ran home.
This document discusses mythological and archetypal approaches to literature as outlined by various critics and theorists such as Joseph Campbell, William Blake, Alan W. Watts, and Philip Wheelwright. It explores common archetypes, images, motifs, and characters that appear across myths and stories from different cultures and elicit universal human reactions. These include elements like water, the sun, colors, circles, snakes, numbers, and archetypal figures like the wise old man, trickster, and mother figures. It also examines common archetypal themes and situations like creation, immortality, and the hero's quest. Northrop Frye and Carl Jung contributed to understanding how archetypes reveal themselves through dreams and in different genres of literature.
This document provides an overview of lessons in a module on approaches to teaching literature. The module introduces different approaches to teaching literature and applies them in classroom demonstrations. Lesson 1 discusses reading for plot and comprehension, describing key elements of a plot. Lesson 2 covers making inferences and detecting the purpose of paragraphs. Lesson 3 examines identifying themes in literature and analyzing an author's craft through their use of words, phrases, imagery and other devices. Lesson 4 discusses approaching literary theories and giving students chances to interpret texts. Lesson 5 explains Bloom's taxonomy of learning domains.
This document discusses prosodic features of speech, including volume, projection, pitch, stress, intonation, and juncture. Volume refers to loudness, projection is strength in speaking, pitch is highness or lowness of tone, and stress is emphasis on syllables. Intonation is variation in pitch used to express emotion. Juncture involves pauses of varying lengths that are indicated with symbols like single or double bars and double crosses.
The document provides an overview of Philippine mythology, including the pantheon of gods and goddesses as well as mythological creatures. It describes some of the most important deities such as Bathala, the supreme god, and Mayari, the beautiful goddess of the moon. The document also explains that before the arrival of Spanish colonizers, indigenous Filipinos held beliefs that were a mixture of animism, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Each ethnic group had its own stories and myths that varied across the islands of the Philippines.
The document discusses symbolism in literature and provides many examples. Symbolism is when an author uses objects or references to represent deeper meanings beyond the literal. Parts of days, seasons, colors, and nature can symbolize aspects of life. For instance, morning symbolizes the start of life while night represents old age. Stories like Harry Potter use snakes to symbolize evil. Food in Hansel and Gretel takes on different symbolic meanings throughout the story. The document analyzes how authors use symbolism to represent themes and provide insight into characters.
PPT_English 7_Q1_W2-1 (Distinguishing Features of Proverbs, Myths, and Legend...EddiePadillaLugo
This document provides definitions and examples of proverbs, myths, and legends from Philippine literature. It begins by stating learning objectives related to identifying the distinguishing features of these genres. It then defines key literary terms like character, characterization, setting, conflict, theme, and plot. The main body explains the distinguishing features of proverbs, myths, and legends through definitions and examples. Proverbs are short statements that teach lessons and values. Myths explain natural phenomena and involve supernatural elements. Legends involve famous people or heroes associated with a particular time and place in history.
The document discusses elements of fiction including characterization and setting. It defines fiction and prose, and describes the major elements used to develop characters - characterization, protagonist/antagonist, static/dynamic characters, and flat/round characters. It also defines setting and provides examples of different types of settings that can be used in stories. Characterization and setting are important as they help readers visualize and relate to the story.
This document provides an overview of African mythology. It discusses how myths developed over thousands of years through oral tradition and were first written down in the 1800s. Many African religions believe in a supreme creator god and have pantheons of other deities with regional variations. The document then focuses on Nigerian mythology, describing the creation myth of how the god Arámfè created humans and two of his sons, Orísha and Odúwa, accidentally caused strife among humans. It also covers the later myth of a war between the gods Orísha and Odúwa over a stolen bag of wisdom. Comparisons are made to Greek myths of Prometheus and a Chinese myth. Modern art in Nigeria is shown
This rubric evaluates analytical essays responding to poetry based on four criteria: organization, analysis, format, and writing. For each criterion, the rubric describes the characteristics of submissions that would be considered highly proficient, proficient, developing, or beginning. For organization, the highest level introduces the topic clearly, includes a thesis statement, uses effective transitions, and has a memorable conclusion. For analysis, a highly proficient essay interprets poetic devices insightfully and effectively supports the central theme. The format criterion addresses length and proper use of MLA style. Finally, writing is judged on clarity and freedom from errors.
Literature can be defined in 3 ways: preserved writings belonging to a language or people, notable writings of a country or period distinguished by form of expression, and writings that interpret nature and life through language. Literature includes imaginative works like poems, stories and plays that present fictional situations, and non-fiction works like biographies and essays that present actual facts and ideas. Studying literature allows one to express oneself, access culture, recognize human experiences, develop perspective and values. Literature consists of various genres like fiction, poetry, drama, and essays that use different structures, audiences and presentation styles.
This document defines and compares three types of literature: contemporary, popular, and emergent. Contemporary literature refers to works written after World War II through the present day that reflect current social and political views. Popular literature aims primarily to entertain large audiences through accessible language and plots. Emergent literature is developing and coming into view as new forms like blogs and manga emerge over time. Examples of each type are provided along with comparisons of their key characteristics.
Folk tales, fairy tales and fables powerpointlicht1ab
This document discusses different types of folklore stories - folk tales, fairy tales, and fables. It provides examples of each type, including the folk tale "The Little Red Hen", the fairy tale "The Princess and the Pea", and the fable "The Tortoise and the Hare". Each example identifies the type of story, point of view, and setting. The document also covers common themes, morals, and writing tools used in folklore stories.
This document provides an overview of mythology and folklore. It defines mythology as the study of myths, which are symbolic stories that convey fundamental truths of a society. Folklore includes traditional aspects of a culture's way of life and creative expressions. The document discusses different types of myths according to various scholars, including pure myths about the gods, legends/sagas, and folktales. It also outlines theories for how and why myths developed, such as using myths to explain natural phenomena (naturalism) or accompany rituals (ritualism).
This document defines and provides characteristics of epics. It explains that an epic is a long narrative poem about heroic deeds, and that epics typically involve heroes valued by their culture, gods or supernatural forces, and vast journeys. Some epics are based on oral traditions and involve founding nations or battles against monsters. Examples of famous epics from various cultures and time periods are also listed.
A legend is a narrative that blends fact and fiction about people, events, places, or natural features. Legends originated from the Latin word "Legenda," meaning "things to read," and were used to describe stories about saints that were read in church services. Legends differ from myths in that myths interpret nature while legends idealize history, myths involve gods and goddesses while legends can feature animals or objects, and legends are specific to one or two localities while myths are found universally. Legends can strengthen children's faith, teach history and morality, develop imagination, and introduce culture.
This document discusses characteristics of pre-colonial Philippine literature such as chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives that were passed down orally before Spanish colonization. It provides examples of different folk literary genres that depict Philippine culture, including folktales about trickster character Juan and animals, fables featuring cunning monkeys, legends explaining natural phenomena, and creation myths about how people came to be.
Fables are short stories featuring animals, plants, or inanimate objects that take on human traits and behaviors to teach a moral lesson. Common sources of fables include Aesop, whose skill in crafting fables led to his freedom, and Buddhist Jataka tales about the reincarnation of the Buddha. Fables provide enjoyment for both children and adults while ethically teaching lessons in an engaging way that cultivates thinking and imagination.
Pre-colonial Philippine literature can be classified as either oral/floating or written. Oral literature included songs, dances, dramas, and epics performed in places of worship. Various forms of drama addressed topics like love, war, legends, and heroes. Epics like the Hudhud and Biag ni Lam-Ang were very popular. Written works included riddles, poems, sayings, and different song genres among the Tagalog, Ilocano, and Maranaw peoples. Myths, folktales, and legends were also important oral genres that helped explain the natural world and origins of things.
I. The document outlines the key elements of fiction including plot, setting, characters, point of view, and theme. It defines each element and provides details on types and techniques used. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid with exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Point of view can be first person or third person.
II. Characterization methods include physical description, names, what others say, and thoughts revealed. Characters can be major/minor, round/flat, dynamic/static, and protagonist/antagonist.
III. Theme conveys insights into human nature. Other techniques like irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing are used to develop the story.
African mythology encompasses many diverse cultures and languages across the continent. The Yoruba people of West Africa believe in hundreds of gods who take human form and experience emotions. Some of the most important Yoruba gods include Olorun, the supreme being; Olokun, the goddess of the waters; and Orunmila, the god of prophecy. The Fon people of Benin have similar religious beliefs to the Yoruba, with nature controlled by individual gods. The Soninke people first created the Wagadu empire and were known as traders, teachers, and craftspeople. According to one myth, the king of Wagadu died after his son's magical lute soaked up the king's blood while
This document provides an overview of lessons in a module on approaches to teaching literature. The module introduces different approaches to teaching literature and applies them in classroom demonstrations. Lesson 1 discusses reading for plot and comprehension, describing key elements of a plot. Lesson 2 covers making inferences and detecting the purpose of paragraphs. Lesson 3 examines identifying themes in literature and analyzing an author's craft through their use of words, phrases, imagery and other devices. Lesson 4 discusses approaching literary theories and giving students chances to interpret texts. Lesson 5 explains Bloom's taxonomy of learning domains.
This document discusses prosodic features of speech, including volume, projection, pitch, stress, intonation, and juncture. Volume refers to loudness, projection is strength in speaking, pitch is highness or lowness of tone, and stress is emphasis on syllables. Intonation is variation in pitch used to express emotion. Juncture involves pauses of varying lengths that are indicated with symbols like single or double bars and double crosses.
The document provides an overview of Philippine mythology, including the pantheon of gods and goddesses as well as mythological creatures. It describes some of the most important deities such as Bathala, the supreme god, and Mayari, the beautiful goddess of the moon. The document also explains that before the arrival of Spanish colonizers, indigenous Filipinos held beliefs that were a mixture of animism, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Each ethnic group had its own stories and myths that varied across the islands of the Philippines.
The document discusses symbolism in literature and provides many examples. Symbolism is when an author uses objects or references to represent deeper meanings beyond the literal. Parts of days, seasons, colors, and nature can symbolize aspects of life. For instance, morning symbolizes the start of life while night represents old age. Stories like Harry Potter use snakes to symbolize evil. Food in Hansel and Gretel takes on different symbolic meanings throughout the story. The document analyzes how authors use symbolism to represent themes and provide insight into characters.
PPT_English 7_Q1_W2-1 (Distinguishing Features of Proverbs, Myths, and Legend...EddiePadillaLugo
This document provides definitions and examples of proverbs, myths, and legends from Philippine literature. It begins by stating learning objectives related to identifying the distinguishing features of these genres. It then defines key literary terms like character, characterization, setting, conflict, theme, and plot. The main body explains the distinguishing features of proverbs, myths, and legends through definitions and examples. Proverbs are short statements that teach lessons and values. Myths explain natural phenomena and involve supernatural elements. Legends involve famous people or heroes associated with a particular time and place in history.
The document discusses elements of fiction including characterization and setting. It defines fiction and prose, and describes the major elements used to develop characters - characterization, protagonist/antagonist, static/dynamic characters, and flat/round characters. It also defines setting and provides examples of different types of settings that can be used in stories. Characterization and setting are important as they help readers visualize and relate to the story.
This document provides an overview of African mythology. It discusses how myths developed over thousands of years through oral tradition and were first written down in the 1800s. Many African religions believe in a supreme creator god and have pantheons of other deities with regional variations. The document then focuses on Nigerian mythology, describing the creation myth of how the god Arámfè created humans and two of his sons, Orísha and Odúwa, accidentally caused strife among humans. It also covers the later myth of a war between the gods Orísha and Odúwa over a stolen bag of wisdom. Comparisons are made to Greek myths of Prometheus and a Chinese myth. Modern art in Nigeria is shown
This rubric evaluates analytical essays responding to poetry based on four criteria: organization, analysis, format, and writing. For each criterion, the rubric describes the characteristics of submissions that would be considered highly proficient, proficient, developing, or beginning. For organization, the highest level introduces the topic clearly, includes a thesis statement, uses effective transitions, and has a memorable conclusion. For analysis, a highly proficient essay interprets poetic devices insightfully and effectively supports the central theme. The format criterion addresses length and proper use of MLA style. Finally, writing is judged on clarity and freedom from errors.
Literature can be defined in 3 ways: preserved writings belonging to a language or people, notable writings of a country or period distinguished by form of expression, and writings that interpret nature and life through language. Literature includes imaginative works like poems, stories and plays that present fictional situations, and non-fiction works like biographies and essays that present actual facts and ideas. Studying literature allows one to express oneself, access culture, recognize human experiences, develop perspective and values. Literature consists of various genres like fiction, poetry, drama, and essays that use different structures, audiences and presentation styles.
This document defines and compares three types of literature: contemporary, popular, and emergent. Contemporary literature refers to works written after World War II through the present day that reflect current social and political views. Popular literature aims primarily to entertain large audiences through accessible language and plots. Emergent literature is developing and coming into view as new forms like blogs and manga emerge over time. Examples of each type are provided along with comparisons of their key characteristics.
Folk tales, fairy tales and fables powerpointlicht1ab
This document discusses different types of folklore stories - folk tales, fairy tales, and fables. It provides examples of each type, including the folk tale "The Little Red Hen", the fairy tale "The Princess and the Pea", and the fable "The Tortoise and the Hare". Each example identifies the type of story, point of view, and setting. The document also covers common themes, morals, and writing tools used in folklore stories.
This document provides an overview of mythology and folklore. It defines mythology as the study of myths, which are symbolic stories that convey fundamental truths of a society. Folklore includes traditional aspects of a culture's way of life and creative expressions. The document discusses different types of myths according to various scholars, including pure myths about the gods, legends/sagas, and folktales. It also outlines theories for how and why myths developed, such as using myths to explain natural phenomena (naturalism) or accompany rituals (ritualism).
This document defines and provides characteristics of epics. It explains that an epic is a long narrative poem about heroic deeds, and that epics typically involve heroes valued by their culture, gods or supernatural forces, and vast journeys. Some epics are based on oral traditions and involve founding nations or battles against monsters. Examples of famous epics from various cultures and time periods are also listed.
A legend is a narrative that blends fact and fiction about people, events, places, or natural features. Legends originated from the Latin word "Legenda," meaning "things to read," and were used to describe stories about saints that were read in church services. Legends differ from myths in that myths interpret nature while legends idealize history, myths involve gods and goddesses while legends can feature animals or objects, and legends are specific to one or two localities while myths are found universally. Legends can strengthen children's faith, teach history and morality, develop imagination, and introduce culture.
This document discusses characteristics of pre-colonial Philippine literature such as chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives that were passed down orally before Spanish colonization. It provides examples of different folk literary genres that depict Philippine culture, including folktales about trickster character Juan and animals, fables featuring cunning monkeys, legends explaining natural phenomena, and creation myths about how people came to be.
Fables are short stories featuring animals, plants, or inanimate objects that take on human traits and behaviors to teach a moral lesson. Common sources of fables include Aesop, whose skill in crafting fables led to his freedom, and Buddhist Jataka tales about the reincarnation of the Buddha. Fables provide enjoyment for both children and adults while ethically teaching lessons in an engaging way that cultivates thinking and imagination.
Pre-colonial Philippine literature can be classified as either oral/floating or written. Oral literature included songs, dances, dramas, and epics performed in places of worship. Various forms of drama addressed topics like love, war, legends, and heroes. Epics like the Hudhud and Biag ni Lam-Ang were very popular. Written works included riddles, poems, sayings, and different song genres among the Tagalog, Ilocano, and Maranaw peoples. Myths, folktales, and legends were also important oral genres that helped explain the natural world and origins of things.
I. The document outlines the key elements of fiction including plot, setting, characters, point of view, and theme. It defines each element and provides details on types and techniques used. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid with exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Point of view can be first person or third person.
II. Characterization methods include physical description, names, what others say, and thoughts revealed. Characters can be major/minor, round/flat, dynamic/static, and protagonist/antagonist.
III. Theme conveys insights into human nature. Other techniques like irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing are used to develop the story.
African mythology encompasses many diverse cultures and languages across the continent. The Yoruba people of West Africa believe in hundreds of gods who take human form and experience emotions. Some of the most important Yoruba gods include Olorun, the supreme being; Olokun, the goddess of the waters; and Orunmila, the god of prophecy. The Fon people of Benin have similar religious beliefs to the Yoruba, with nature controlled by individual gods. The Soninke people first created the Wagadu empire and were known as traders, teachers, and craftspeople. According to one myth, the king of Wagadu died after his son's magical lute soaked up the king's blood while
Mwindo is the son of a chief named Shemwindo. Due to a prophecy, Shemwindo planned to kill all his sons. Mwindo's birth was preceded by difficulties and he was surrendered in a basket to the river. He was saved and later sought revenge on his father by burning down his village. After further trials and lessons, he achieved rank and honors, becoming a great chief and spreading wisdom.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the anthropological study of religion, including animism, souls, mana, magic, rituals, types of religious cults (individualistic, shamanistic, communal, ecclesiastical), revitalization movements, and the relationship between religion and society. It discusses definitions and examples of concepts like animism, souls, mana, magic, rituals, the sacred/profane distinction, and how religion relates to political economy, social structure, and environmental/ecological factors.
The document discusses evangelizing animist tribes. It notes that some anthropologists praise aspects of animist cultures like the Mayans that engaged in human sacrifice and slavery. However, Christian missionaries have helped tribal people by ending practices like warfare, cannibalism, and polygamy, and providing literacy, medicine, and the gospel. Animism involves spirit worship and is the primary religion of over 100 million tribal people. It is characterized by fear, lack of love/hope, no moral absolutes, and fatalism. The Bible condemns practices of animism like divination. Christian missionaries aim to bring tribal people the freedom and hope found in Christ.
This document provides an introduction to a unit on religion and non-religion. It outlines the relevant syllabus points students need to be familiar with, including different expressions of religion throughout history such as animism, polytheism, and monotheism. Students are instructed to recap core beliefs, texts, rituals, and ethics of different world religions. Key definitions are also provided for animism, polytheism, and monotheism. Activities are suggested for students to research examples and describe hypothetical societies based on these expressions of religion.
This document summarizes several major world religions including their origins, beliefs, and distributions. It discusses Animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam providing details on their founders, core beliefs, numbers of adherents, and geographical spreads. It also covers some other eastern religions like Confucianism and Taoism as well as topics like the relationship between religion and politics, society, economics, environment, and language.
This document discusses how religious intolerance arises from viewing differences as absolutes rather than relatives. It notes how Hindus, Muslims, Christians all criticize each other's practices like dress, diet, and religious symbols but these are relative rather than absolute. There is no universally agreed definition of concepts like being overdressed or underdressed, idol worship, or which religion is oldest or most Indian. Seeing others' practices as equally valid rather than wrong can help overcome religious intolerance that otherwise leads to cycles of violent retaliation and threatens all religions and societies.
Folk religion deals with evil spirits often with a shaman, etc. All major religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism have both a formal traditional religion and also some form of folk religion. This outlines some of the folk religion found in a variety of places among the more than 1,000,000,000 Muslims.
The ANC's centenary celebrations sparked controversy by invoking ancestral spirits and ritually slaughtering an animal. While the ANC defended these practices as part of tradition, Christians opposed dedicating South Africa to dead ancestors. The Bible warns against occult practices like spiritism and divination. Examples like Haiti, heavily influenced by voodoo, suggest dedicating a nation to ancestral spirits can have devastating long-term consequences. South Africa should only be dedicated to the one true God as revealed in the Bible.
World religion powerpoint presentation slides ppt templatesSlideTeam.net
The document appears to be a template for a presentation on world religion. It contains repeated placeholder text and instructions for customizing images. The logo and instructions for editing images in PowerPoint are also repeated throughout.
The document discusses traditional and animistic religions. It notes that while Christianity has been successful in reaching some populations, the number of adherents to traditional ethnic religions is increasing. It explores concepts like spirits, the afterlife, divination and sin within an animistic framework. It also discusses challenges missionaries previously faced in addressing issues in the "excluded middle" domain of daily life and offers suggestions on how Christianity can provide alternatives.
World Religions, including Secular humanism, Communism, and AnimismBob Patton, M.D., D.D.
An overview of common world religions, as well as animism, secular humanism and communism. Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormonism are mentioned
Animism and Shinto are polytheistic, animistic religions. Animism believes that all natural elements have spirits, and spirits of ancestors are worshipped. Shintoism is Japan's native religion where nature spirits called Kami are worshipped at home altars and shrines through prayer for safety, health, and success. A torii is a Shinto shrine gateway that marks the entrance to the realm of the Kami spirits.
The document discusses the concept of animism, which refers to the belief that spiritual beings exist in nature and that all objects have an inner psychological being. Animism was a primitive form of religion that believed in spiritual forces localized in different natural areas and objects. For many indigenous groups, animism involved showing respect to the spirits of the land, animals, plants and asking permission before disturbing or taking from nature to maintain balance. The document also discusses how animism relates to polytheism and the belief in many gods, as well as how certain groups still incorporate animistic beliefs with other religions like Christianity.
This document provides an overview of world religions. It begins by listing the 12 major world religions: Baha'i, Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, Sikhism, Daoism, and Zoroastrianism. It notes there are approximately 4,200 religions total. The document then discusses what religion seeks to answer, including questions about God, the afterlife, and salvation. It defines religion as an organized system of beliefs and practices centered around gods, and distinguishes between monotheistic and polytheistic religions. The document concludes by outlining a group project where students will create a web presenting the key aspects of one
This document provides an overview of key anthropological concepts related to the study of religion. It discusses how anthropologists view religion as part of culture rather than focusing on its truth claims. Religions are examined as social and individual phenomena that provide systems of meaning. Gods, spirits, and various beliefs are reviewed as are myths, cosmologies, and altered states of consciousness used by shamans. Rituals, ceremonies, and beliefs are identified as core components of religions.
This document provides an introduction to world religions, comparing and contrasting aspects of Shintoism and Buddhism. It begins with objectives and vocabulary for exploring religious beliefs. Early forms of religion included animism and shamanism. Modern religions developed concepts of gods and the first had customs and practices centered around understanding gods. Many early civilizations had religion integrated with government. The document then compares Shintoism, the indigenous religion of Japan, and Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, focusing on their origins and histories, beliefs about gods and the human situation, practices, afterlives, and important texts.
This document summarizes key aspects of mythology from ancient Mediterranean civilizations and the Philippines. It describes how mythology from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome explained natural phenomena and shared moral lessons through stories of gods and goddesses. It then discusses some of the most important deities in ancient Tagalog mythology like Bathala, the supreme god, as well as gods and goddesses of fertility, seasons, lost things, the sun and lovers. The document highlights how Philippine mythology varies widely by region but served similar functions to early societies as mythology elsewhere.
InAnotherUniverseInTheMultiverse,TheInternationalCommittee/ICIsAGoodTrotskyis...Mimic Octopus Man
I've added more.
I need to add more. I must expose the truth.
Commencing with the fall of evil economic systems like fascism, Stalinism, and capitalism and concluding with the Trotskyist establishment of the United Socialist States of the World/Soviet Union of Socialist Republics (at the end of the Worldian Civil War), the Worldian Revolution was a series of two revolutions: the first of which overthrew governments like fascist governments, Stalinist governments, and capitalist governments and the second placed the Trotskyists in power.
Urban Dictionary: Worldian
Worldian
A person who considers the whole world as his country and home. This person does not have any patriotic feelings for the country he lives in. He does not distinguish another human being by their differences like race, culture and religion. It is similar to cosmopolitanism but slightly informal.
Person A: My mom's American and my dad's an Indian!
Person B: What the fuck is American and Indian? They're humans aren't they? I do not know such terms, I'm a worldian!
by EpicRawl August 15, 2016
The Trotskyists know that evil Alpha Draconians are real. So they make Alpha Draconians, who look human, say 'kinninigan.' If they realize the Alpha Draconians, who look like humans, can't say 'kinninigan,' then they won't allow those Alpha Draconians to have political power.
WrittenSunday,May22,2022The International Committee of the Fourth International/ICFI should also be called the Star Trek Party.
WrittenSunday,May29,2022God/Yahweh/Jehovah/Allah/Bathala/The Great Spirit/Ahone/the MonadisthePremier of theGod's/Yahweh's/Jehovah's/Allah's/Bathala's/The Great Spirit's/Ahone's/The Monad's Jesus'/Jesus of Nazareth's/Jesus Christ's The Good Alpha Draconians'/Gods' And Goddesses' Good Carians'/Angels' Good Nephilim's Gaia's/Earth's Good Beings' The International Commitee of the Fourth International's/4th International's Trotskyist/One World Democratic Communist/One World Democratic Socialist/Socialist Equality Parties' United Trotskyist/One World Democratic Communist/One World Democratic Socialist/Socialist States Of Heaven/the Heavens/Kaluwalhatian/Maca/the Multiverse/Universe/Anti-Universe/Antiverse/World/Soviet/Rat/מועצה/Majlis/Council/理事会/Lǐshì huì/公司/Gōngsī/Isahoe/Konseho Union of Socialist Republics/World Trotskyist/One World Democratic Communist/One World Democratic Socialist/Socialist/Soviet/Rat/מועצה/Majlis/Council/理事会/Lǐshì huì/公司/Gōngsī/Isahoe/Konseho Federation/Turtle Heaven/Heavens/Kaluwalhatian/Multiverse/Universe/World.
Leon Trotsky/Lev Davidovich Bronstein should've been Premier of the Soviet Union/the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/USSR.
WrittenSunday,September25,2022GoodorthodoxTrotskyism/orthodoxoneworlddemocraticcommunismwillgetridofevilmoney.TherewillbenoevilmoneyinagoodorthodoxTrotskyistsociety.AWorldWithoutMoney:Communismhttps://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/the-friends-of-4-million-young-workers-a-world-without-money-communism
In The Future Of This Universe, My O456th International's/New 4th Internation...Mimic Octopus Man
This document discusses concepts from mythology and speculative fiction, including:
- Alpha Draconians, who are described as alien/angelic beings that come in good and evil varieties.
- The Illuminati, described as evil Alpha Draconians that rule over humans and influence events.
- Concepts of heaven and hell and the economic/political systems associated with each.
- Connections made between mythological and religious figures like God, Satan, and characters from films/TV that are described as predictive programming by the Illuminati.
- Views expressed about the nature of humans, Earth, and the role of fiction in revealing secret truths.
InAnotherUniverseInTheMultiverse,TheInternationalCommittee/ICIsAGoodTrotskyis...Mimic Octopus Man
I've added more.
I need to add more.
I must expose the truth.
Today is Thanksgiving here in Canada.
https://www.nsnews.com/bc-news/canadians-to-take-pause-this-thanksgiving-in-light-of-truth-and-reconciliation-day-expert-4502288
HOME BC NEWS
Canadians to take 'pause' this Thanksgiving in light of Truth and Reconciliation day: expert
This Monday Canadians will be participating in a melting pot of traditions muddled with American influence and the impacts of the attempted 'Christianization' Indigenous people
Tsleil-Waututh members walked 8.5 km through North Vancouver to the former St. Paul's Residential School site to commemorate National Day for Truth and Reconciliation on Sept. 30, 2021.Elisia Seeber
Canadians may find their cranberry sauce especially bittersweet this Thanksgiving weekend, with the country's first National Day for Truth and Reconciliation held just over a week before.
Be thankful for this good truthful Trotskyist anti-evil Alpha Draconians/anti-fallen angels document.
Canadians must support the good economic systems, indigenous socialism and Trotskyism. Also, they must oppose the evil Alpha Draconians/fallen angels.
They must support the 4th International's United Socialist States of the World. They must be thankful for he 4th International's United Socialist States of the World.
I have to eat my dinner.
When Satan/Lucifer/Sitan/Enki was a white peafowl/peacock-like carian/Seraphim, he was called St. Lucifer.
Today is Wednesday, November 30, 2022
OrthodoxTrotskyism will do Pleistocene rewilding.
I live in eastern Turtle Island/North America,
Trotskyism can rewild eastern Turtle/North America.
The WestGabekanaang-ziibi/West Humber River Recreational Trail/Humber Valley/Humber Arboretum is in eastern Turtle Island/North America. Trotskyism can rewild the West Humber River Recreational Trail/Humber Valley/Humber Arboretum.
https://pleistocenerewilding.boards.net/thread/10/megafauna-forests-northeast
When we discuss Pleistocene Rewilding in the context of North America, we tend to think of the prairies. However, there are many other ecosystems in North America, which also lost keystone megafauna during the Pleistocene extinction event.
https://humber.ca/arboretum/explore/wildlife.html
Wildlife at the Humber Arboretum
With a variety of habitats and the West Humber River serving as a transportation corridor for wildlife, there are many animals that live or travel through the Humber Arboretum grounds
Also, they have to clone animals like Torontoceros, the giant ground sloth, and the mastodon.
I can imagine a rewilded West Humber River Recreational Trail/Humber Valley/Humber Arboretum having animals like Smilodon gracilis, jaguars, Torontoceros, Chacoan peccaries/tagua, Carolina parakeets, and five-linedskinks.Imadecommentsonthisblog.https://rewildcanada.blogspot.com/2017/03/perrisodactyls-their-possible-future-in.html?showComment=1637112579290#c2113891714435073132
This document provides a summary of Karen Armstrong's book "A Short History of Myth" focusing on the origins and evolution of mythology from Neanderthals through the modern era. Some of the key points covered include: how early humans like Neanderthals developed mythology to explain the world; how myths served important social and psychological functions for hunter-gatherers and early farmers; the emergence of major mythological themes and figures during early civilizations; the transformation of mythology during the Axial Age with the rise of philosophies like Hinduism and Buddhism; and how the ascendance of rationalism in the modern era has led to the decline of mythology in the Western world.
This document defines and provides characteristics of various mythological figures such as legends, fables, folktales, and fairytales. It then discusses myths in more detail, noting that myths aim to explain cultural phenomena and rituals through stories featuring heroes and gods/demigods that impart lessons. Creation myths specifically seek to explain the origin of the earth/universe, often featuring supreme beings and local animals. Flood myths reset the world through deluges, appearing globally with themes of punishment and rebirth. Tricksters, a universal archetype, use intelligence and cunning to defy norms, found as animal, human and spirit figures like Coyote, Brer Rabbit, Anansi and the Monkey King across various cultures
This document discusses how ancient Mesopotamian religions were created through literature and storytelling. It describes how the Sumerians invented writing and used it to develop the first epics, myths, and religious texts that imagined gods, creation stories, and the afterlife. These literary works populated the world with divine characters and established concepts like heaven, hell, rituals, and the idea of the king as a shepherd to the people. Over time, some of the figures and ideas from Mesopotamian religions were adapted or evolved into the Abrahamic faiths through a process of literary influence and invention. Overall, the document argues that ancient Mesopotamian cultures were the first to develop organized religion and many core
This document provides an overview of mythology and folklore. It discusses key concepts like mythology, myth, and folklore. It then details many elements of Philippine mythology including major deities from different regions, mythical creatures, and important figures from myths and legends. The document also briefly outlines several theories related to the study of mythology and compares mythology to related fields like religion, science, and truth.
This thread is similar to owl 's one piece and real world landscapes.Som-Deepak Kumar-Sawant
This document discusses similarities between elements from One Piece and elements from real world myths, religions, and folklore. It begins a thread to collect these similarities and arrange them alphabetically. Some examples provided include comparing 108 earthly temptations in Buddhism to an attack by One Piece character Urouge, comparing the mythical creatures Angel and Antaeus to elements in One Piece, and comparing real-world pirates like Blackbeard to One Piece characters like Marshall D. Teach. People are invited to add more similarities to discuss in the thread.
Evil Beings Like Evil Carians/Angels, Evil Alpha Draconians/Fallen Angels, Ev...Mimic Octopus Man
The Antichrist/Dajjal/the Beast of the Sea is like a leopard.
The Antichrist/Dajjal/the Beast of the Sea is a African crowned eagle-like Alpha Draconian. The African crowned eagle is the leopard of the sky.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)#Beast_from_the_seahttps://showme.co.za/nelspruit/lifestyle/nature-outdoors/the-african-crowned-eagle-leopard-of-the-sky/
Joseph Biden is the Paul Von Hidenburg of America.
He's Paul Von Bidenburg
In the future Bidenburg will be gone from politics. He’s too old like Hidenburg and will die of old age.
The evil Alpha Draconians and their evil humans were worried that Trump, as president, was going to make the people become Trotskyists and have a Trotskyist revolution. When Trump was president, stuff occurred like COVD-19 and the George Floyd protests. So they decided to make Biden the president so people wouldn't become Trotskyist revolutionaries. They would just go back to doing distracting acts like having sex, playing video games, and watching TV and movies.
Paul von Hindenburg - Wikipedia
He is the leader of Weimar America. Weimar America is capitalist.
Weimar Republic - Wikipedia
Donald Trump is the Adolf Hitler of America.
He's Adolf Trumpler.
Then, Trump could be the Führer/leader of Nazi fascist America.
The evil Alpha Draconians want fascism and fascists like Trump to control humans.
Adolf Trumpler has made Greenland the 51st state of Nazi fascist America. https://canchewread.tumblr.com/post/668641222807764992/fascism-as-capitalist-reaction
The Alpha Draconians/fallen angels want to use COVID-19 to kill people. When humans have negativeemotionsduetoCOVID-19likeangerandsadness,theycreateloosh.Looshisatypeofenergy.TheAlphaDraconiansfeedonloosh.TheIlluminatiCardsThatPredictTheCoronavirus/KungFlu;TheCureateAndTrotskyismCanDefeatIt-YouTubeWrittenSunday,July23,2023Trotskyism/tradeunionsupportingcommunismcandefeatevillikeevilAlphaDraconiansandevileconomicsystems.Trot·sky·ism/ˈträtskēizəm/nounnoun:TrotskyismTheICFIisanevilsect/cult.thepoliticaloreconomicprinciplesofLeonTrotsky,especiallythetheorythatsocialismshouldbeestablishedthroughouttheworldbycontinuingrevolution.Trotskyismhasgenerallyincludedelementsofanarchismandsyndicalism,butthetermhascometobeusedindiscriminatelytodescribeagreatmanyformsofradicalsocialism.TheInternationalCommiteepromotessectarianism.https://www.wsws.org/en/special/icfi.htmlAbouttheISFIThe WorldSectarianWebSiteispublishedbytheInternationalSectoftheFourthInternational,theWorldPartyofSectarianRevolutioncofoundedbyGerryHealy.Itsaimistounitetheinternationalworkingclass,onthebasisofasectarianandinternationalistprogramornationalistprogram,toputanendtothecapitalist/Smithistsystemandestablishsectarianismonaworldscale.TheMonad/GodandJesustheTrotskyistsruletheUnitedIndigenousSocialistTrotskyistStatesofthePlacesanditsTrotskyistrepublicslikeTrotskyistHeaven/KaluwalhatianandTrotskyistEarth/Terra/Tellus.
Sacred13:LeonTrotsky/LevDavidovichBronsteinCouldBeASkeksis-likeGrayParrot-lik...Mimic Octopus Man
This document discusses various topics in a disorganized manner, including:
- Alpha Draconians, who are described as alien/god-like beings that come in both good and evil varieties. Good ones live in heaven, evil ones in hell.
- Metatron, an angel who was formerly a human named Enoch that was transformed by God.
- Thoth/Hermes Trismegistus, a good giant ibis-like Alpha Draconian who supports positive economic systems.
- References to Atlantis and texts from the Emerald Tablets of Thoth regarding shadow beings called forth from the deep below.
- Various assertions about humans, the illuminati, fallen angels
The document discusses the evolution of male deities from early depictions like the Sorcerer of Trois Frere to major gods in later religions. It notes that while goddesses may have been earliest, male gods rose to prominence in some cultures. Major themes are discussed like dying and resurrected gods, including Osiris, Dionysus and Jesus. Other patterns are the sun gods like Ra, Apollo and Mithras. Horned gods like Cernunnos and Pan are examined. Thunder gods, smith gods and other archetypes are also summarized. Polytheism was common for most cultures until monotheism with religions like Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
This document provides an overview of mythology and folklore. It defines key terms like myth, fairy tale, folklore, and legend. It describes the main types and sources of myths. The great themes in mythology are outlined, including creation, gods/goddesses, heroes, monsters, animals, the underworld, journeys, the afterlife, and destroyed worlds. An overview is given of the mythologies of different world regions and cultures. Finally, the major Greek and Roman gods are defined.
Hum1020 the journey to eternity ancient egyptian religionProfWillAdams
The document provides an overview of the ancient Egyptian pantheon and religious beliefs. It describes the major gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt such as Ra, Osiris, Isis, Horus, Set, Anubis, and Thoth. It explains their roles and symbolism. For example, Ra was the sun god and ruler of the gods, Osiris was god of the underworld, Isis searched for Osiris' body after his death. The document also discusses how the Egyptians viewed the gods as having human qualities and partook in storytelling about them.
The document discusses various gods and creation stories from different civilizations and cultures around the world. It provides details on the gods and supernatural beings believed in Shamanism, including that spirits play important roles, the shaman can communicate with the spirit world, and spirits can be benevolent or malevolent. The document also discusses gods and supernatural beings from specific cultures like the Chukchee, Gilyak, and Pacific Northwest tribes who believe figures like the sun, moon, stars, Raven, and nature spirits were creators or had important roles in their belief systems.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
2. RELIGION
ANIMISM
The belief that all plants and
animals have spirits.
A doctrine that the vital
principle of organic
development is immaterial spirit.
5. RELIGION
TOTEMISM
The belief in kinship with or a
mystical relationship between
a group of an individual or a
totem*.
*totem-symbol for a family or tribe.
7. PEOPLE
PYGMY
a member of a group of small people
who live in Africa.
Bantu- spoken language of pygmies.
They believe in one supreme god
named Khonvum.
Khonvum-above all the lords of forest
and game, that he was perhaps first to
exist in the guise of an animal.
9. Khonvum
Supreme god of the pygmies, they
believe that khonvum directs of controls
all celestial phenomena (lightning, storm,
day and night, shooting stars etc.)
When the sun dies (night) khonvum
collects broken pieces of stars in his sack
and tosses armful of them at the sun so it
can rise in the next morning.
10. Khonvum
He is also known as “Great Huntsman”
because of his two wielded serpents that
assumes visible forms as the rainbow.
He makes contact with men by
intermediary of either a real animal like
chameleon or imaginary animals who
appears in dreams—the elephant Gor,
whose powerful voice gives rise to thunder.
12. PEOPLE
BUSHMEN
a member of a group of short statured
people of southern Africa who traditionally
live by hunting and foraging (scavenging).
They also have supreme being whose
name varies from tribe to tribe: Kaang or
Khu or Kho, or Thora.
He has an adversary called Gauna or
Gawa, the leader of the spirits of the
dead.
13. PEOPLE
BUSHMEN
one of the special characteristics of
the bushmen’s mythology is the
existence of animal spirits such as the
Praying Mantis, I Kaggen married to
Hyrax. The Antelope or Porcupine,
heroes of dozens of adventures that
explains various celestial phenomena.
15. The Praying Mantis
The Praying Mantis is the oldest symbol of God ~
the African Bushman’s manifestation of God
come to Earth.
When a Praying Mantis is seen, diviners try to
determine the current message. In this culture
they are also associated with restoring life into the
dead.
16. Cagn
In the mythology of the Bushmen of
southwestern Africa, Cagn is the god who
created the world and all the people and
things in it. In some stories, he dies and then
comes back to life. Cagn is also called
Kaang, Kho, and Thora.
Cagn is a magician who plays tricks and
whose strengths lies in one particular tooth;
birds are his messengers or emissaries.
17. Cagn
In the beginning, Cagn had a friendly
relationship with human beings. After
people began to show disrespect toward
their creator god, however, Cagn
sent death and destruction to the world.
He left the earth to live somewhere far off
in the sky According to the Bushmen, only
the antelopes know exactly where he is.
18. Symbolism of Cagn’s Death
and Resurrection
All the adventures of Cagn, such as the creation
of the moon from an old shoe, are recounted
during the initiation of rites for young boys.
They may be considered as explanation of
these rites, and the swallowing of Cagn, his
death and resurrection may be regarded as the
symbolic expression of death and resurrection of
boys during initiation, which is presided over by
a priest disguised as an animal.
20. PEOPLE
HOTTENTOTS
They have a higher level of technical
civilization compared to pygmies and
bushmen.
Their mythology seems to reflect this
twofold origin:
Their supreme god, Tsuigoab, who is
by nature a great priest or sorcerer.
The national hero, Heitsi-Eibib, name
derived from Heigib (the great tree).
22. Tsui-Goab
His cult was celebrated when the Pleiades.
He lives in the Red Sky; he commands storms,
sends rain for the crops and speak with the word
of thunder.
His name meands “wounded knee”.
He has an adversary who lives in the Black Sky;
he is Gaunab, the chief of the dead.
Tsui-Goab kills Gaunab in the end but he is first
wounded in the knee during the fight.
23. Heitsi Eibib
His name was derived from Heigib, the great
tree who teaches the Bushmen how to hunt.
He is an offspring of a cow who ate special grass
and conceived the hero in this way.
He appears as a sort of magician who performs
miracles, died and come back to life again.
He is victorious against his fights against
monsters.
24. TRIBES
BANTU TRIBE
Ethnologist have rightly emphasized the
important of cult of royal or family
ancestors of bantu tribes.
Their ancestors are intermediaries
between mortals and gods.
26. Unkulunkulu or ‘the very old’
-He is the first ancestor of human race
He arose from the bed of reeds and
therefore from the ground.
He is the creator of customs and
techniques typical of Kaffir civilization.
Although he is a hero, and the benefactor
of humanity, he is also indirectly
responsible for death.
27. Unkulunkulu, as indirectly responsible for
death.
He said to the chameleon: ‘Go and tell men
that they will not suffer death’.
But the slow and lazy chameleon lingered on
the way so; Unkulunkulu grew angry and sent a
new messenger, the lizard, to tell men that
death would come.
When the chameleon got there, the lizard had
already been before him and that is why men
are now mortal.
28. TRIBES
THE CONGO GROUP
They have similarities with Bantu tribe—
which is the belief in one god.
Their supreme god is Nzambi or Nzame.
Christian influence played its part and this
god-creator drove out deities.
29. Nzame
He created the first man, Fam, who was
intended to be master of all things; but he grew
in vain and revolted against Nzame and
destroyed the earth, he was buried into a hole.
Nzame created the second man, Sekame, the
ancestor of present race.
Sekame made his wife from a tree, Mbongwe.
But Fam was not dead and from his hole he
inflicted misfortune to mankind.
30. Nzame
Then Nzame came down the earth but fell in
love with a pretty girl Mboya and had a son
named Bingo.
But Nzame and Mboya quarreled over child’s
affection.
Because of anger, Nzame flung Bingo from the
heights of the vault of heaven.
His mother searched for him in vain and she is still
wandering in the world unable to find him.
32. TRIBES
THE NILOTIC TRIBES
The Nilotic tribe is related both to Paleo-Negritic
culture and Hamitic.
It had produced stratified mythology in creating
with different status and function of invader and
invaded.
The Shiluk tribes has a god-creator Juck, whom
they inherited from non-shilluks.
33. Juck
He fashioned the world but not direct it.
Altough he is a personal being, he is also
impersonal might, he is present to a greater or
lesser degree in all things.
Beside him is Nyikang, the ancestor god of
Shilluks.
Nyikang is the indispensable intermediary
between men and Juck, who can only be
reached through him.
34. Nyikang
The ancestor god of Shilluks.
Omara, the first man, who came from the sky,
was believed to be Nyikang’s grandson.
Nyikang was the decendants of first cow that
was created by the supreme god.
Others believe that he is a son of crocodile
mother.
35. Shilluks
Nyikang quarreled with his half-brother about
who was to succeed to their father’s throne.
He fled after loosing the battle, taking with him
the insignia of royalty.
When he reached the land that was to become
Shilluk kingdom, he created subjects of his new
realm by changing wild animals into men.
Alternatively, it is said that he fished men out of
the water with his fishing line that brought them
out of calabash.