This document discusses pharmaceutical aerosols, which are pressurized dosage forms that emit fine dispersions of active ingredients. It notes the history and development of aerosols beginning in 1942 for non-pharmaceutical uses and 1955 for uses in the respiratory tract. The key components of aerosols are described including propellants, containers, valves, and actuators. Common propellants are liquefied gases like chlorofluorocarbons and compressed gases like nitrogen. Containers are typically made of metal or glass to withstand high pressures. Valves and actuators work to ensure accurate and consistent dosing of medication to the target site.

1. Physical Pharmaceutics I
UNIT - II
AEROSOLS
Diksha
Assistant professor
iftm university Moradabad

2. INTRODUCTION
 PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS are pressurized dosage forms containing
one or more active ingredients which upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of
liquid and/or solid materials in a gaseous medium.
 Aerosol are based on the principle of reversible change of the state on the
application and release of pressure.
 In 1942- First aerosol was developed.
 In 1950- Pharmaceutical aerosol for topical administration was developed
 In 1955- Aerosol for the local activity in the respiratory tract was developed
(Epinepherine).

3. Drug
At high
Pressure
Drug- propellant mixture
Atmospheric
pressure

4. Advantages
No
contamination
at the time of
removal
Better
stability
Delivered
directly to
affected area
Sterility can
be maintained

5. Components of aerosols
Propellant
Container
Valve and actuator
Product concentrate
Propellants: Agents which
develop proper pressure within
the container and provide driving
force to expel products from it is
known as propellant.
• Gases exist
as liquid
under
pressure
Liquefied
gases
propellants
• Some
gases fills
under
pressure
Compressed
gases
propellants

6. Propellants
Liquefied
propellants
For oral and
inhalation
Fluorinated Hydrocarbons
Trichloromonofluromethane Propellant
11
Dichlorodifluoromethane Propellant 12
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Propellant
114
Chlorodifluoromethane Propellant 22
Chlorodifluoroethane Propellant 142b
Difluoroethane Propellant 152a
For Topical
Formulations
Hydrocarbons
Propane- Propellant A-108
Isobutane- Propellant A- 31
Butane- Propellant A-17
Compressed Gas
(Nitrogen, Carbon
dioxide, Nitrous Oxide)

7. AEROSOLS SPRAY DISPENSER

8. AEROSOL CONTAINER
Container must withstand pressure as high as 140-180 psig (pound per second inch)
at 130 °F/70 °C
Should be made up of-
A. Metals:
 Tinplate steel
Aluminum
Stainless steel
B. Glass:
 Preferred due to its aesthetic value and absence of
Incompatibilities.
 Bears pressure up to 33 psig .
 Used for topical and MDI aerosols.

9. ACTUATORS
Ensure that aerosol product is delivered in proper and desired form.
Types of actuators:
a) Spray Actuators:
Used forTopical Preparations such as antiseptic.
Local Anesthetics and foot preparation.
(5-35micrometer.) (0.029- 0.069 inch).
b) Foam Actuators: having large orifice ranges from 0.070- 0.0125 inch.
c) Special actuators: Used for throat, nose, dental etc.
FOR THROAT FOR NASAL FOR DENTAL

10. MountingCuporFerrule:
AttachValvetocontainer.
Madefromtinplatedsteel,AluminiumandBrass.
Coatedwithsingleordoubleepoxyorvinylresins.
ValvebodyorHousing:Madeupof NylonorDerlinandcontainsaopeningatthepointof
attachmentofdiptube.
Stem: MadefromNylonorDerlin,brassandstainlesssteelcanalsobeused
Gasket: MadeupofBuna-Nandneoprenerubber.
Spring: Madeupfromstainlesssteel.
Diptube:Madeup fromethyleneorpolypropylene.
Valves:
Easytoopenandclose.
Delivered tocontentinthedesiredfromsuchasspray,foam,solidstreametc.

11. TYPES OFVALVES:
Continuoussprayvalve
MeteringValves:
Usedfordispensingofpotentmedicines.
Approximatelly50to150mg±10%ofliquidmaterialscanbedispensedatonetime.

12. CONTINUOUS SPRAAY METER DOSE INHALER