Aem Lect10

This document discusses several theories related to colloid stability and flocculation, including the Gouy-Chapman theory, Schultz-Hardy rule, and Stern adsorption theory. The Gouy-Chapman theory and Schultz-Hardy rule describe how the valence of counterions affects the critical flocculation concentration, with higher valences requiring lower concentrations. Stern adsorption theory introduces the concept of a Stern layer to account for specific ion adsorption at surfaces, improving upon diffuse double layer models at high concentrations.