This document provides an overview and summary of a social studies textbook series for classes 1-8. It includes the following key points:
- The series is based on themes from history, geography, civics, economics, and sociology and aims to develop social, cultural, and analytical skills.
- It takes a comprehensive approach to teaching social studies and suitably grades the material for different classes.
- The supplementary CD included enhances the book content with visuals, animations, and interactive exercises.
- The books and manuals have been revised by an experienced educationist to improve the organization and presentation of concepts and activities.
Learn about various artificial satellites such as military and civilian, Earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. Also learn about Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Europe 2013 - human missions to europa and titan - hugh hillILOAHawaii
This document outlines a proposal for human missions to Europa and Titan by 2070. It discusses why these celestial bodies should be explored, namely the possibility of finding life in their oceans and understanding physical processes. Some key technical challenges are advanced propulsion, nuclear power, life support systems, and utilizing in-situ resources. International cooperation would likely be required due to high costs, and modifications to existing space law may be needed. Ethical considerations around risks, planetary protection, and crew issues would also need to be addressed. The proposal estimates a total mission cost of $220-470 billion using analogy methods from Apollo. A specific mission concept called METTLE is introduced, involving a nuclear-powered spacecraft and hydrobot for subsurface Europa
The document discusses the Discovery and New Frontiers programs, which fund solar system exploration missions with fixed-price cost caps. Discovery missions have a $425 million cap and opportunities every 18-24 months, while New Frontiers missions have a $625 million cap and opportunities every 42-52 months. Both programs use a principal investigator-led model and full and open competition to select science investigations for development.
This document appears to be a magazine focused on geospatial tools and technologies called Apogeo. The magazine includes articles on topics like long term space sustainability, disasters mapping, GIS and remote sensing integration, water resources analysis using satellites, and an update on Astrium Services. It also includes news briefs, advertisements, and is published by Blueline Publishing with partnerships with organizations like Secure World Foundation and Sensors & Systems. The cover image shows the island of Bora Bora.
India has launched several satellites for research and applications. Aryabhatta was India's first satellite, launched in 1975 with assistance from the Soviet Union to gain experience in space. Bhaskara-1 collected ocean and land surface data from orbit. Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), launched in 2013, made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt.
Hufenback,bernhard isecg ger hufenbach pmc v2NASAPMC
The document outlines the purpose and strategy of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) created by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). The GER aims to establish a framework for international cooperation and coordination on long-term human exploration of the solar system with the goal of sending humans to Mars. It proposes a step-wise expansion of human presence from the International Space Station to destinations like the Moon, asteroids, and a deep space habitat at the Earth-Moon Lagrange point, ultimately enabling crewed missions to the surface of Mars. The GER also identifies common goals and strategic principles to guide exploration and ensure the roadmap is technically feasible and affordable.
ILOA Galaxy Forum USA 2013 - Marco PavoneILOAHawaii
The document discusses challenges and prospects for surface exploration of small solar system bodies like asteroids and comets. It describes how future exploration will involve close proximity observations, sampling at multiple sites on these bodies, and operations in risky areas and specific regions. Several concepts for in-situ exploration are presented, including static platforms like landers as well as mobile platforms like rovers, hoppers, and spacecraft-rover hybrids. A reference mission is described that would use a hybrid robotic platform to systematically explore Phobos through guided rolling and hopping to study its origin and composition.
The document summarizes the International Lunar Observatory Association's (ILOA) Galaxy Imaging Program and its goals of conducting astronomy from the Moon. It provides details on ILOA's 4 planned Moon missions between 2020-2023, including its ongoing collaboration with China to use the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope on the Chang'e-3 lander. It also describes ILOA's plans to establish an observatory and educational headquarters in Hawaii near existing astronomical facilities on Mauna Kea.
Learn about various artificial satellites such as military and civilian, Earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. Also learn about Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Europe 2013 - human missions to europa and titan - hugh hillILOAHawaii
This document outlines a proposal for human missions to Europa and Titan by 2070. It discusses why these celestial bodies should be explored, namely the possibility of finding life in their oceans and understanding physical processes. Some key technical challenges are advanced propulsion, nuclear power, life support systems, and utilizing in-situ resources. International cooperation would likely be required due to high costs, and modifications to existing space law may be needed. Ethical considerations around risks, planetary protection, and crew issues would also need to be addressed. The proposal estimates a total mission cost of $220-470 billion using analogy methods from Apollo. A specific mission concept called METTLE is introduced, involving a nuclear-powered spacecraft and hydrobot for subsurface Europa
The document discusses the Discovery and New Frontiers programs, which fund solar system exploration missions with fixed-price cost caps. Discovery missions have a $425 million cap and opportunities every 18-24 months, while New Frontiers missions have a $625 million cap and opportunities every 42-52 months. Both programs use a principal investigator-led model and full and open competition to select science investigations for development.
This document appears to be a magazine focused on geospatial tools and technologies called Apogeo. The magazine includes articles on topics like long term space sustainability, disasters mapping, GIS and remote sensing integration, water resources analysis using satellites, and an update on Astrium Services. It also includes news briefs, advertisements, and is published by Blueline Publishing with partnerships with organizations like Secure World Foundation and Sensors & Systems. The cover image shows the island of Bora Bora.
India has launched several satellites for research and applications. Aryabhatta was India's first satellite, launched in 1975 with assistance from the Soviet Union to gain experience in space. Bhaskara-1 collected ocean and land surface data from orbit. Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), launched in 2013, made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt.
Hufenback,bernhard isecg ger hufenbach pmc v2NASAPMC
The document outlines the purpose and strategy of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) created by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). The GER aims to establish a framework for international cooperation and coordination on long-term human exploration of the solar system with the goal of sending humans to Mars. It proposes a step-wise expansion of human presence from the International Space Station to destinations like the Moon, asteroids, and a deep space habitat at the Earth-Moon Lagrange point, ultimately enabling crewed missions to the surface of Mars. The GER also identifies common goals and strategic principles to guide exploration and ensure the roadmap is technically feasible and affordable.
ILOA Galaxy Forum USA 2013 - Marco PavoneILOAHawaii
The document discusses challenges and prospects for surface exploration of small solar system bodies like asteroids and comets. It describes how future exploration will involve close proximity observations, sampling at multiple sites on these bodies, and operations in risky areas and specific regions. Several concepts for in-situ exploration are presented, including static platforms like landers as well as mobile platforms like rovers, hoppers, and spacecraft-rover hybrids. A reference mission is described that would use a hybrid robotic platform to systematically explore Phobos through guided rolling and hopping to study its origin and composition.
The document summarizes the International Lunar Observatory Association's (ILOA) Galaxy Imaging Program and its goals of conducting astronomy from the Moon. It provides details on ILOA's 4 planned Moon missions between 2020-2023, including its ongoing collaboration with China to use the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope on the Chang'e-3 lander. It also describes ILOA's plans to establish an observatory and educational headquarters in Hawaii near existing astronomical facilities on Mauna Kea.
Galaxy Forum SEA Indonesia 2017 -- Pam Tuan-Anh VNSC/VASTILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia 2017 — Jakarta
Saturday 18 February (08:30 – 13:30) @ Skyworld TMII, Jakarta, Indonesia
ILOA is very pleased to have cooperation and participation in organizing this Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia of Among Putro SKYWORLD Indonesia, which is a private space/aerospace, astronomy and related science/technology educational and recreational institution located on a national semi-governmental cultural conservation, education and recreational park called “Taman Mini Indonesia Indah” (Wonderful Indonesian Miniature Park) in the city of Jakarta.
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
More than 70 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
This document provides information about satellites, including:
- It defines what a satellite is and describes the two types: passive satellites which can be natural or artificial, and active satellites which have processing equipment.
- It summarizes the launch and purpose of some important early satellites, including Sputnik 1 in 1957, TIROS-1 weather satellite in 1960, Landsat surveying satellite in 1972, and GOES geostationary satellite in 1974.
- It provides brief explanations of how satellites are launched into orbit and how they work by receiving messages from an earth station, retransmitting signals, and allowing other stations to receive within the satellite's footprint.
- It notes that water was discovered on
Introduction to OpenStreetMap and Humanitarian OSM Team for Plan Internationa...chippy
Presentation about OSM for Humanitarian use at Plan International Mapping Workshop, Woking, Nov. 2012.
Getting started with OSM: http://learnosm.org
About HOT: http://hot.openstreetmap.org/
Current HOT projects: http://hot.openstreetmap.org/projects
ILOA Galaxy Forum SEA Thailand -- NEO and Space Debris, KirdkaoILOAHawaii
The 4th Regional Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia is taking place at the Science Centre for Education at the Bangkok Planetarium in collaboration between ILOA, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) and Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA).
Thailand is a leader in the region for Astronomy and Satellite Technology.
NARIT is a national research organization for astronomy in Thailand enabling the development of a collaborative research network both regionally and globally, and aiming at developing and strengthening knowledge in astronomy at an international level. They also ally with public and private observatories and other institutions around the World to pursue excellence in scientific research, education and public outreach.
There are two main types of satellites - natural and artificial. Natural satellites, also called moons, orbit planets whereas artificial satellites are man-made objects launched into space by rockets. Some key natural satellites include shepherd moons that help maintain planetary rings and Trojan moons that share the same orbit as a larger moon. The first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, marking the beginning of space exploration. Artificial satellites now serve various purposes like communications, earth observation, weapons, and astronomy.
The International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) was formed in 2007 by 14 space agencies to coordinate human and robotic space exploration efforts. ISECG aims to maximize benefits to society through cooperation on destinations like the Moon, asteroids, and Mars. ISECG works in a non-binding, consensus-driven manner to advance exploration goals. It has produced two technical products to inform agency planning: a 2010 reference architecture for human lunar exploration, and a 2011 global exploration roadmap to facilitate coordination of long-term planning and near-term activities among member agencies.
Galaxy Forum USA 2011 - Steve Durst, ILOAILOAHawaii
1) The International Lunar Observatory Association is presenting updates on its plans to establish an observatory on the lunar south pole at Malapert Mountain by 2014.
2) The observatory, called ILO-1, will conduct astrophysical observations of galaxies and search for exoplanets and signs of extraterrestrial life.
3) Additional bandwidth from the observatory's communications system not used for science data will be available commercially to support activities like internet services and advertising from the lunar surface.
The document summarizes key details about India's space program and satellites. It provides information on 50 Indian satellites launched between 1975 and 2008, including their names, launch dates, payloads, and purpose. It also discusses India's goals of developing its own GPS system and launching around 7 satellites by 2010. The first Indian satellite was Aryabhata, launched in 1975, and Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar mission, launched in 2008.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2016 - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
More than 70 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
Galaxy Forum China 2013 - Galaxy & Moon: Space Exploration and Astronomy Fron...ILOAHawaii
This document summarizes Jin Zhu's presentation at the Galaxy Forum China 2013 on space exploration and astronomy frontiers. It discusses past Galaxy Forums in China from 2008 to 2013. It then provides an overview of astronomy topics including observations of the moon, galaxy, and universe. Specific details are given on using the moon as an observation site for its stable environment and potential for simultaneous multi-wavelength observations. The document concludes with comparisons of the sizes of the solar system and Oort cloud to illustrate humanity's progress in space exploration and references several works of science fiction involving space travel and galaxies.
Galaxy Forum USA 2016 - Prof Imke de Pater, UC BerkeleyILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
Almost 70 Galaxy Forums, with a total of about 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i.
The document outlines a Global Exploration Roadmap developed by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) to coordinate human and robotic exploration of destinations beyond low-Earth orbit like the Moon, asteroids, and Mars over the next 25 years, with common goals of searching for life, extending human presence, developing exploration technologies, performing science to support human exploration, and stimulating economic expansion.
IOA Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 - Tokyo
Saturday 13 December 2014 (2-5pm) @ Cosmos Building, NAOJ Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Galaxy Forum returns to the Land of the Rising Sun, one of the world's 6 major space faring powers, Japan. ILOA collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ, to advance Galaxy 21st Century Education continues this year at the Cosmos Building kindly provided by NAOJ at the Mitaka Campus.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Galaxy Forum Waimea 2013 - Joseph Sulla - ILOA Global HQILOAHawaii
The International Lunar Observatory Association is developing several lunar observatory missions and plans to build a global headquarters facility in Hawaii. The ILO's missions will conduct astronomical observations from the moon including searching for Earth-like exoplanets and signs of life on other planets. The association aims to build a 2500 square foot headquarters complex on the Big Island to manage lunar missions, receive and process mission data, conduct research, and serve as an education center. The facility will advance Hawaii's leadership in astronomy without additional development on Mauna Kea and provide employment and education opportunities.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2013 - Steve DurstGf canada 2013 pptILOAHawaii
The document summarizes an event about the International Lunar Observatory Association's activities in May 2013. It discusses four ILO missions planned between 2015-2018, including the ILO-1 Polar Mission to observe and communicate from the lunar south pole in 2015. The primary objectives of the ILO missions are listed, such as galaxy imaging, Earth and Mars observations, and detecting exoplanets and SETI. Details are provided about the ILO's collaboration with Chang'e 3 and a precursor ILO-X mission involving high school students. The ILO aims to establish an observatory base in Hawaii to support astrophysics research for the next 100 years.
NASA will host its first Google+ Hangout live with the International Space Station on February 22, 2013, allowing the public to ask questions of astronauts aboard the ISS and on Earth. During the hour-long event, astronauts will discuss their daily life and work aboard the ISS and take questions submitted in real-time via Google+, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. The hangout will provide a unique opportunity for the public to directly engage and learn from astronauts living and working in microgravity 240 miles above Earth.
The document outlines a three-phase Mars Scholar Program to explore and colonize Mars. Phase 1 involves exploration, vehicle and habitat design, planetary science, and team organization. The first base would be established at Lunae Planum with 6 people for an 18 month mission. They would bring supplies from Earth and use resources found on Mars. Scientific objectives include analyzing geology, atmosphere, chemistry, materials, and searching for life. Phase 2 focuses on creating settlements and an economic system to trade goods between Mars and Earth. Phase 3 expands these settlements into villages, towns and cities while terraforming Mars from red to green to blue. Strong team organization integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math) and TEAMS
ILOA Galaxy Forum SEA Indonesia -- DurstILOAHawaii
The 3rd Regional Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia is taking place at the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) branch office in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. In addition to ILOA, the event is co-organized by the Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB). Faculty of the Department of Astronomy at ITB have been a key factor in the development of the regional SEA Galaxy Forum program.
Indonesia, the world’s 4th most populous country, is building 21st Century capabilities and investing in the future of Astronomy and Astronautics to the immediate benefit of students in every class across the archipelago. Scientists at the Bosscha Observatory, ITB and others, continue with plans to construct a 2.5-m class telescope and a 1-m radio telescope at Mount Timau or Mount Rinjani.
LAPAN is planning to complete work on a Space Port and Launch Center at Morotai Island by 2025. This complex is to act as the test site and future operational base of the LAPAN experimental satellite launcher. Last year the Rocket Technology Center conducted a successful static test of the RX 320 booster generating thrust of up to 4.9 tons. This is one of two rockets that will form the building blocks of the 4 stage orbital satellite rocket Roket Pengorbit Satelit (RPS) that is currently in development.
Galaxy Forum SEA Indonesia - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
"ILOA Galaxy 21st Century Education and Exploration"
ILOA is very pleased to have cooperation and participation in organizing this Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia of Among Putro SKYWORLD Indonesia, which is a private space/aerospace, astronomy and related science/technology educational and recreational institution located on a national semi-governmental cultural conservation, education and recreational park called “Taman Mini Indonesia Indah” (Wonderful Indonesian Miniature Park) in the city of Jakarta.
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of the International Lunar Observatory Association, an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Sixty-five Galaxy Forums with a total of almost 300 presentations have been held in 26 locations worldwide (since Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008) including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2017 Kona - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Featuring Hawaii Mayor Harry Kim, who has generously accepted our invitation to make a presentation at Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2017 Kona about his vision for a “Maunakea World Park” referencing a quest for knowledge to make us a better people...Maunakea as a monument for the World from Cosmopolitan People of Hawaii.
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
75 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
This document provides information about different types of encyclopedias, their characteristics, uses, and selection criteria. It discusses single volume encyclopedias, encyclopedias for children and adults, subject encyclopedias, yearbooks and supplements, foreign language encyclopedias, and evaluation criteria like scope, uniqueness, accuracy, indexing, currency, and authority. It also covers selection factors for different types of library users and the impact of format on costs. Key encyclopedias discussed include World Book Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia.
An encyclopedia is a set of books or online resource that provides information on many topics in alphabetical order. Traditionally, encyclopedias were printed books but newer digital encyclopedias like Wikipedia allow open collaboration where many contributors can edit articles. While open digital encyclopedias make information widely accessible, concerns exist around the accuracy and reliability of content contributed by unknown editors.
Galaxy Forum SEA Indonesia 2017 -- Pam Tuan-Anh VNSC/VASTILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia 2017 — Jakarta
Saturday 18 February (08:30 – 13:30) @ Skyworld TMII, Jakarta, Indonesia
ILOA is very pleased to have cooperation and participation in organizing this Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia of Among Putro SKYWORLD Indonesia, which is a private space/aerospace, astronomy and related science/technology educational and recreational institution located on a national semi-governmental cultural conservation, education and recreational park called “Taman Mini Indonesia Indah” (Wonderful Indonesian Miniature Park) in the city of Jakarta.
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
More than 70 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
This document provides information about satellites, including:
- It defines what a satellite is and describes the two types: passive satellites which can be natural or artificial, and active satellites which have processing equipment.
- It summarizes the launch and purpose of some important early satellites, including Sputnik 1 in 1957, TIROS-1 weather satellite in 1960, Landsat surveying satellite in 1972, and GOES geostationary satellite in 1974.
- It provides brief explanations of how satellites are launched into orbit and how they work by receiving messages from an earth station, retransmitting signals, and allowing other stations to receive within the satellite's footprint.
- It notes that water was discovered on
Introduction to OpenStreetMap and Humanitarian OSM Team for Plan Internationa...chippy
Presentation about OSM for Humanitarian use at Plan International Mapping Workshop, Woking, Nov. 2012.
Getting started with OSM: http://learnosm.org
About HOT: http://hot.openstreetmap.org/
Current HOT projects: http://hot.openstreetmap.org/projects
ILOA Galaxy Forum SEA Thailand -- NEO and Space Debris, KirdkaoILOAHawaii
The 4th Regional Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia is taking place at the Science Centre for Education at the Bangkok Planetarium in collaboration between ILOA, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) and Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA).
Thailand is a leader in the region for Astronomy and Satellite Technology.
NARIT is a national research organization for astronomy in Thailand enabling the development of a collaborative research network both regionally and globally, and aiming at developing and strengthening knowledge in astronomy at an international level. They also ally with public and private observatories and other institutions around the World to pursue excellence in scientific research, education and public outreach.
There are two main types of satellites - natural and artificial. Natural satellites, also called moons, orbit planets whereas artificial satellites are man-made objects launched into space by rockets. Some key natural satellites include shepherd moons that help maintain planetary rings and Trojan moons that share the same orbit as a larger moon. The first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, marking the beginning of space exploration. Artificial satellites now serve various purposes like communications, earth observation, weapons, and astronomy.
The International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) was formed in 2007 by 14 space agencies to coordinate human and robotic space exploration efforts. ISECG aims to maximize benefits to society through cooperation on destinations like the Moon, asteroids, and Mars. ISECG works in a non-binding, consensus-driven manner to advance exploration goals. It has produced two technical products to inform agency planning: a 2010 reference architecture for human lunar exploration, and a 2011 global exploration roadmap to facilitate coordination of long-term planning and near-term activities among member agencies.
Galaxy Forum USA 2011 - Steve Durst, ILOAILOAHawaii
1) The International Lunar Observatory Association is presenting updates on its plans to establish an observatory on the lunar south pole at Malapert Mountain by 2014.
2) The observatory, called ILO-1, will conduct astrophysical observations of galaxies and search for exoplanets and signs of extraterrestrial life.
3) Additional bandwidth from the observatory's communications system not used for science data will be available commercially to support activities like internet services and advertising from the lunar surface.
The document summarizes key details about India's space program and satellites. It provides information on 50 Indian satellites launched between 1975 and 2008, including their names, launch dates, payloads, and purpose. It also discusses India's goals of developing its own GPS system and launching around 7 satellites by 2010. The first Indian satellite was Aryabhata, launched in 1975, and Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar mission, launched in 2008.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2016 - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
More than 70 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
Galaxy Forum China 2013 - Galaxy & Moon: Space Exploration and Astronomy Fron...ILOAHawaii
This document summarizes Jin Zhu's presentation at the Galaxy Forum China 2013 on space exploration and astronomy frontiers. It discusses past Galaxy Forums in China from 2008 to 2013. It then provides an overview of astronomy topics including observations of the moon, galaxy, and universe. Specific details are given on using the moon as an observation site for its stable environment and potential for simultaneous multi-wavelength observations. The document concludes with comparisons of the sizes of the solar system and Oort cloud to illustrate humanity's progress in space exploration and references several works of science fiction involving space travel and galaxies.
Galaxy Forum USA 2016 - Prof Imke de Pater, UC BerkeleyILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
Almost 70 Galaxy Forums, with a total of about 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i.
The document outlines a Global Exploration Roadmap developed by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) to coordinate human and robotic exploration of destinations beyond low-Earth orbit like the Moon, asteroids, and Mars over the next 25 years, with common goals of searching for life, extending human presence, developing exploration technologies, performing science to support human exploration, and stimulating economic expansion.
IOA Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 - Tokyo
Saturday 13 December 2014 (2-5pm) @ Cosmos Building, NAOJ Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Galaxy Forum returns to the Land of the Rising Sun, one of the world's 6 major space faring powers, Japan. ILOA collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ, to advance Galaxy 21st Century Education continues this year at the Cosmos Building kindly provided by NAOJ at the Mitaka Campus.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Galaxy Forum Waimea 2013 - Joseph Sulla - ILOA Global HQILOAHawaii
The International Lunar Observatory Association is developing several lunar observatory missions and plans to build a global headquarters facility in Hawaii. The ILO's missions will conduct astronomical observations from the moon including searching for Earth-like exoplanets and signs of life on other planets. The association aims to build a 2500 square foot headquarters complex on the Big Island to manage lunar missions, receive and process mission data, conduct research, and serve as an education center. The facility will advance Hawaii's leadership in astronomy without additional development on Mauna Kea and provide employment and education opportunities.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2013 - Steve DurstGf canada 2013 pptILOAHawaii
The document summarizes an event about the International Lunar Observatory Association's activities in May 2013. It discusses four ILO missions planned between 2015-2018, including the ILO-1 Polar Mission to observe and communicate from the lunar south pole in 2015. The primary objectives of the ILO missions are listed, such as galaxy imaging, Earth and Mars observations, and detecting exoplanets and SETI. Details are provided about the ILO's collaboration with Chang'e 3 and a precursor ILO-X mission involving high school students. The ILO aims to establish an observatory base in Hawaii to support astrophysics research for the next 100 years.
NASA will host its first Google+ Hangout live with the International Space Station on February 22, 2013, allowing the public to ask questions of astronauts aboard the ISS and on Earth. During the hour-long event, astronauts will discuss their daily life and work aboard the ISS and take questions submitted in real-time via Google+, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. The hangout will provide a unique opportunity for the public to directly engage and learn from astronauts living and working in microgravity 240 miles above Earth.
The document outlines a three-phase Mars Scholar Program to explore and colonize Mars. Phase 1 involves exploration, vehicle and habitat design, planetary science, and team organization. The first base would be established at Lunae Planum with 6 people for an 18 month mission. They would bring supplies from Earth and use resources found on Mars. Scientific objectives include analyzing geology, atmosphere, chemistry, materials, and searching for life. Phase 2 focuses on creating settlements and an economic system to trade goods between Mars and Earth. Phase 3 expands these settlements into villages, towns and cities while terraforming Mars from red to green to blue. Strong team organization integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math) and TEAMS
ILOA Galaxy Forum SEA Indonesia -- DurstILOAHawaii
The 3rd Regional Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia is taking place at the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) branch office in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. In addition to ILOA, the event is co-organized by the Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB). Faculty of the Department of Astronomy at ITB have been a key factor in the development of the regional SEA Galaxy Forum program.
Indonesia, the world’s 4th most populous country, is building 21st Century capabilities and investing in the future of Astronomy and Astronautics to the immediate benefit of students in every class across the archipelago. Scientists at the Bosscha Observatory, ITB and others, continue with plans to construct a 2.5-m class telescope and a 1-m radio telescope at Mount Timau or Mount Rinjani.
LAPAN is planning to complete work on a Space Port and Launch Center at Morotai Island by 2025. This complex is to act as the test site and future operational base of the LAPAN experimental satellite launcher. Last year the Rocket Technology Center conducted a successful static test of the RX 320 booster generating thrust of up to 4.9 tons. This is one of two rockets that will form the building blocks of the 4 stage orbital satellite rocket Roket Pengorbit Satelit (RPS) that is currently in development.
Galaxy Forum SEA Indonesia - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
"ILOA Galaxy 21st Century Education and Exploration"
ILOA is very pleased to have cooperation and participation in organizing this Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia of Among Putro SKYWORLD Indonesia, which is a private space/aerospace, astronomy and related science/technology educational and recreational institution located on a national semi-governmental cultural conservation, education and recreational park called “Taman Mini Indonesia Indah” (Wonderful Indonesian Miniature Park) in the city of Jakarta.
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of the International Lunar Observatory Association, an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Sixty-five Galaxy Forums with a total of almost 300 presentations have been held in 26 locations worldwide (since Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008) including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2017 Kona - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Featuring Hawaii Mayor Harry Kim, who has generously accepted our invitation to make a presentation at Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2017 Kona about his vision for a “Maunakea World Park” referencing a quest for knowledge to make us a better people...Maunakea as a monument for the World from Cosmopolitan People of Hawaii.
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
75 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
This document provides information about different types of encyclopedias, their characteristics, uses, and selection criteria. It discusses single volume encyclopedias, encyclopedias for children and adults, subject encyclopedias, yearbooks and supplements, foreign language encyclopedias, and evaluation criteria like scope, uniqueness, accuracy, indexing, currency, and authority. It also covers selection factors for different types of library users and the impact of format on costs. Key encyclopedias discussed include World Book Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia.
An encyclopedia is a set of books or online resource that provides information on many topics in alphabetical order. Traditionally, encyclopedias were printed books but newer digital encyclopedias like Wikipedia allow open collaboration where many contributors can edit articles. While open digital encyclopedias make information widely accessible, concerns exist around the accuracy and reliability of content contributed by unknown editors.
An encyclopedia is a type of reference work that provides summaries of information on various topics. It is divided into articles or entries that are usually accessed alphabetically. One of the earliest surviving encyclopedic works is Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia from the 1st century AD. The Britannica is the oldest English language encyclopedia still in production today. Encyclopedias have evolved over time to include cross-referencing, contributions from many authors, and digital formats like CD-ROMs and online versions. They are characterized by their broad subject matter, organized structure, and production involving employed writers.
Temperate grasslands exist on every continent except Antarctica and contain a variety of grasses, flowers, and herbs. These grasslands experience hot summers and cold winters. Common plant species include grey-headed coneflower and wild bergamot while animal species include coyotes, bald eagles, prairie dogs, bumble bees, and quails. The climate features temperatures below 18°C in winter and above 32°C in summer with low rainfall, making trees unable to grow. Humans have impacted grasslands through farming and overhunting.
There are two main types of grasslands: temperate grasslands and savannas. Temperate grasslands, also called prairies, are located in parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, South Africa, and have flat land with low rainfall. Savannas are tropical grasslands near the equator with scattered trees and distinct wet and dry seasons. Both grassland types support many herbivores and associated carnivores adapted to the open landscape.
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
The Solar System by Himoghna De presentationhimoghna2009
The document provides information about the Solar System, including its definition, formation, location in the Milky Way galaxy, and key components such as the Sun and planets. It describes the eight planets in the Solar System - the four rocky inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and the four gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). It also discusses other objects in the Solar System like satellites, asteroids, meteorites, and the International Space Station. The document contains illustrations and provides some additional facts about the Solar System.
This document discusses NASA's vision and priorities for exploration, including exploring life in the universe. It outlines three "grand challenges" - understanding how life arose on Earth, if we are alone in the universe, and where life is heading. The document discusses using both robotic and human exploration to make faster discoveries. It provides examples of how technologies like electric propulsion and nuclear propulsion could enable missions to destinations like Mars and beyond. Overall, the document advocates for technology investment to enable more ambitious exploration goals.
Robots, Astronauts, and You: Exploring SpaceFlyingSinger
This document provides an overview of robots and astronauts in space exploration and how individuals can get involved through simulations and organizations. It discusses how robots help with long-term space exploration by not needing things like oxygen or food. Astronauts have proven humans can live and work in space, conducting repairs and scientific experiments. Free software like Stellarium and Orbiter allow users to explore space from their computers. People are encouraged to join space societies to support continued human and robotic exploration.
VirtualBuildSpace is a proposed online game that would raise money for space exploration projects while inspiring and educating players. It would allow players to complete simulated tasks related to operating equipment on the International Space Station, conducting experiments in zero gravity, planning Mars missions, and more. The game aims to get more countries and individuals invested in funding space initiatives, which currently receive a small fraction of national budgets. It also hopes to introduce more children to STEM fields by making space topics accessible and fun through gameplay.
The document is a slide presentation about the sun that describes how it was formed from a huge swirling mass of dust and gas billions of years ago. As the mass grew hotter at its center, it began to glow and the sun was born. The sun is the largest object in the solar system and provides light and heat energy to power life on Earth and the other planets. Without the sun, there would be no food from plants or animals and life could not survive on Earth as it would be too cold.
Compare And Contrast Essays For College - TixhelTonya Roberts
The document discusses Lenzing AG, one of the world's largest rayon fiber manufacturers based in Austria. In the 1980s, Lenzing agreed to a joint venture with an Indian entrepreneur to expand production to Indonesia, seeing it as an opportunity for growth. The joint venture established a new factory in Indonesia, allowing Lenzing to tap into the country's large market and lower production costs. However, the partnership encountered some cultural and management challenges along the way.
The document is a student paper on the solar system written for an astronomy class. It provides an overview of the formation of the solar system and details about some of the major components, including the sun and planets. It discusses the types of stars that formed before population I stars and the basic structure of the solar system. The paper also provides some background on the author and due date for the assignment.
Space tourism involves space travel for recreational purposes, including orbital, suborbital, and lunar tourism. Several companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic are developing suborbital space tourism vehicles (Paragraph 1). From 2001-2009, 7 space tourists paid $20-25 million each for Soyuz flights to the ISS, but these were halted in 2010 due to crew size increases. SpaceX plans to send space tourists around the moon on Starship (Paragraph 2). Advantages of space tourism include economic growth, technological advances, inspiring interest in space exploration, and helping identify planetary hazards. It may also help predict weather and find resources. However, disadvantages include high costs that could fund other needs, lack of safety regulations, environmental impacts,
The passage discusses several factors that contributed to the decline of the parallel cinema movement in India from 1980-2000. This period saw radical economic and technological transformations, including the expansion of Doordarshan's television network, the introduction of color TV, and the launch of economic liberalization policies. These policies ended Doordarshan's broadcasting monopoly and allowed satellite television to enter India. Commercial internet also arrived in 1995. These technological changes captured the attention of India's growing urban middle class and provided more media choices, which reduced support for parallel cinema.
As libraries across the country prepare to implement space science-themed programs in summer 2019, the Space Science Institute and Lunar and Planetary Institute are partnering with state libraries to deliver training on NASA science learning experiences.
This effort is part of the SMD Science Activation program and the STAR Library Network-Collaborative Summer Library Program partnership.
Searching for Intelligent Life on Other Planets is a Goal Worth PursuingNick White
Abstract
For centuries, humans have tilted back their heads and gazed upon the heavens in wonder. What’s out there and are we alone in this universe? This paper addresses the need for humans worldwide to continue our search for life on other planets, and argues that it is our natural instinct to discover new worlds, much like the early explorers of the 15th Century. The paper covers the leadership role of SETI, as well as the projected funds for such missions. Themes from fields like astrobiology, economics and motivation will be considered and analyzed from a neutral standpoint. This paper will entertain the notion that we may, in fact, be alone in this universe. Aside from the money, the interest and the people advocating for the extra-terrestrial search, this paper will also address the mathematical probability of life existing in our galaxy, using the famed Drake Equation, contemplating the “habitable zone,” and even looking at evidence of life already found. The paper concludes, explaining why the search for intelligent life on other planets and our universe is a worthwhile goal.
Celestia is a free real-time space simulation program that allows users to visually experience the universe in 3D. It was created in 2001 by Chris Laurel to provide an accurate virtual universe without limitations. Over time, thousands of volunteers have expanded Celestia with additional content totaling over 18GB, including detailed planets, spacecraft, and astronomical phenomena. The guide introduces Celestia's capabilities and provides an overview of some of the experiences users can have when exploring the solar system, Milky Way galaxy, and beyond.
The document summarizes a presentation about the Apollo missions. It discusses that each Apollo mission played an important role for NASA as they learned from mistakes and discoveries. The missions progressed to eventually land the first man on the moon. The presentation also briefly discussed the space race between the US and Russia during the Cold War as motivation for the moon missions. However, the presenters felt they could have provided more details about each mission and astronauts if they had more time for their presentation.
We've long wondered if we're along in the universe. There's more and more tantalizing hints that we might not be alone in our own solar system. The default assumption is that those "hints" are weird chemistry or bad measurements or modeling, but if that's not the case, what then?
2. Value AddsThe Approach
Summative Assessments: Two new
question papers are added at the end of
each term.
Layout and attractive illustrations
PRACTICE/
APPLICATION
INSTRUCTION ENGAGEMENT
Spiral linking to previous
knowledge through We already
know
Now moving ahead as objectives of
the chapter
Additional information through
fact boxes and case studies
Web links to aid additional
research
Heritage Education: Activities
devised with the aim of
familiarizing students with
different states, people, culture,
and lifestyles.
Save the planet for awareness
and sensitivity towards the
environment
Knowledge-based and Application-
based activities
Summary at the end of each
chapter for recapitulation of the
concepts. This is also the link to
the interactive CD.
CCE icons to help the teacher in
formative assessment
Interesting warm ups to
introduce concepts
Talking points to encourage class
discussions and debates
Communication-based activities
made more interactive, i.e., Now
you are talking
A variety of activities and
projects to implement NCF 2005
guidelines
Brush up!
1. People in different parts of India celebrate many
festivals and special days.
2. Festivals are time for prayers, fun, feasting,
caring, and sharing.
3. Harvest festivals celebrate good crops.
4. Diwali, Christmas, Eid-dul-fitr, and Guruparabs
are religious festivals.
5. Independence Day, Republic Day, and Gandhi
Jayanti are national festivals of India.
Independence: Freedom from
being ruled by some other country
Republic: A country which is
not ruled by a king or queen but
a group of leaders chosen by the
people of the country
Get the
Get the
Revision time!
A. Answer the following.
1. What are harvest festivals? Give some examples.
2. Why are festivals so special?
3. What are religious festivals?
4. What are some of our national festivals?
5. Is it more fun to celebrate festivals all alone or with family and friends?
B. Choose the correct words from the brackets to fill in the blanks.
1. Pongal is a .................. festival. (religious/harvest)
2. ............... race is a special feature of Onam. (camel/boat)
3. We celebrate .............................. Day on 26 January. (Independence/Republic)
4. Lohri marks the end of .................... . (summer/winter)
5. Basant Panchami welcomes ................... . (spring/rain)
C. Underline the odd one.
1. Guruparabs:
a) langar b) harvest festival c) prabhat pheri
2. National festivals:
a) Holi b) Gandhi Jayanti c) Independence Day98
Book 3
‘End-of-chapter’ exercises, suitably edited and
revised to match the changes made in the book
Map 3.2: Continents and oceans
Oceans and continents
Most of the Earth is covered with water and the rest of it is land. The water is in the
form of oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Some of these water bodies have been
marked in blue on the map given below. In between these we can see the land areas.
As we can see on the
map, there are some
huge water bodies.
These are the four main
oceans—namely the
Pacific, the Atlantic,
the Indian, and the
Arctic. The Pacific is
the largest ocean.
Other than the blue oceans, the map also shows large landmasses called continents.
There are seven continents, namely North America, South America, Europe, Africa,
Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. The continents have many countries. India is in Asia,
the largest continent. Australia is the smallest continent and a country too.
The Pacific ocean covers almost one-third of
the entire area of the Earth! The name Pacific
comes from a Latin word, meaning ‘peaceful
sea’. Ferdinand Magellan, the explorer,
named it.
...and that’s a fact...
If the Earth was
divided into three equal
parts, one part would be
one-third of it.
That’s a lot
of water!
21
Book 3
Interesting facts
Yes, we all have
contributed to
give our place
a fresh look.
Our building
will get
painted soon.
It’s time for your
medicines grandpa.
Yes, let’s go.
Come, let us go
to the playground
nearby.
Thank you. I hope the
clothes are not getting wet.
Your plants
look beautiful!
Such nice
people upstairs
Yes, they are
very polite.
Now you are talking!
In which neighbourhood would you like to
stay? What are some things that make a
good neighbourhood?
stay? What are some things that make a
Activity
Read the statements below. Tick the ones which you think make you a
good neighbour and cross out the ones that make you a bad neighbour.
1. Keep the area around your house clean
2. Greet the neighbours
3. Litter on the streets
4. Throw water out of the window without checking to see if there is
anyone outside
5. Steal fruits from the neighbour’s tree
6. Write on cars and walls
7. Help visitors who are looking for a particular address7. Help visitors who are looking for a particular address
101
India is a country of great diversity. We all
live together in peace. We call this ‘unity in
diversity’. This is good living, and it begins at
home and in the neighbourhood!
Let us visit two neighbourhoods and see what is
happening.
No need at all.
Who’ll pay for it?
Our building looks
so dirty! We need
to get it painted.
Don’t worry, no
one is home.
RUN!
When will this
loud noise stop?
Go, hang your clothes
somewhere else.
Stop it! My clothes
are getting wet!
CRASH!
Good living17
100
Lively illustrations make learning
interactive interesting
Book 3
100
SAVE THE PLANET
We can help by being a little careful about how we use the different things
we need. We should not buy things unless we really need them. By following
the three Rs, we can use our natural resources carefully and for a longer period of time.
The three Rs of the environment tell us to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
To reduce
• Save energy by turning off the lights that you are not using • Reduce the use of cars and
other vehicles—walk, ride the bicycle • Use a carpool whenever possible
To reuse
• It is good to use cloth bags instead of paper bags. Cloth bags can be used again and
again and we would also be saving trees that way • Write on both sides of the paper
To recycle
Many of the things we use every day like paper bags, newspapers, magazines, and milk cartons,
plastic, and aluminium cans and bottles are made out of materials that can be recycled.
Recycled items are put through a process that makes it possible to create new products out of
the materials from the old ones. Next time you are out shopping, check out whether what you
buy is made of material that can be recycled.
To recycle
Many of the things we use every day like paper bags, newspapers, magazines, and milk cartons,
plastic, and aluminium cans and bottles are made out of materials that can be recycled.
Recycled items are put through a process that makes it possible to create new products out of
the materials from the old ones. Next time you are out shopping, check out whether what you
buy is made of material that can be recycled.
Brush up!
1. An industry converts raw materials into
finished goods.
2. Cottage industries involve the production of
goods at home with the help of simple tools,
members of the family, and locally available
raw materials.
3. Small-scale industries run from small factories
and use simple machines.
4. Large-scale industries need big space, big
machines, a huge amount of raw materials,
and many skilled workers.
Factory: A place
where people make
things with machines
Industry: The process
of making things
in factories
Get the
Get the
Also, providing raw materials for some industries may mean cutting down trees or using
up the non-renewable resources. We must be sure that pollution is minimized and that our
resources are protected.
Book 4
Value education through topics from current
scenarios to enhance students’ development
Let us meet some people who help in making clothes.
Colourful clothes from India
We know that people wear clothes according to the places where they live.
Look at these pictures. They show children from different parts of India
wearing different kinds of clothes. Which of these have you seen? Can you
name any of these clothes?
The farmer grows
cotton plants.
The shepherd rears the
sheep for wool.
The weaver weaves1
the cloth.
The tailor stitches the
cloth to make clothes.
The shopkeeper
sells the cloth.
Rajasthan West Bengal Kerala
Did you know, Mahatma Gandhi wove his
own cloth on a small hand machine called a
charkha? He called this special cloth khadi.
...and that’s a fact...
Maharashtra Punjab Kashmir
Check out
Visit http://learnenglishkids.
britishcouncil.org/en/category/
general-themes/clothes to play
some fun games about clothes.
1
weave: put threads together to make cloth
All three of these women are
wearing the same kind of
cloth but in different ways.
Talk in class about what each
one is wearing.
All three of these women are
Now you are talking!
Talk in class about what each
one is wearing.
Talk in class about what each
wearing the same kind of
cloth but in different ways.
Talk in class about what eachTalk in class about what each
27
Emphasis on varied cultures traditions
existing in India
Book 2
See Map 6.4, which shows the major plains
of the world. These plains are formed by
the deposit and erosion activities of external
forces such as rivers and their tributaries.
Types of plains
There are three types of plains.
Tectonic plains
These are formed by internal forces causing
uplift of sea coasts, such as the low-lying
coastal plains of the Malabar Coast along
the western sea coast of India.
Erosional plains
These are formed when the action of
rivers, glaciers, and wind erode higher
levels of land for years and years to form
flat plains. The Interior Plains of Canada
have been downcut by erosion.
Depositional plains
These plains are formed by the accumulation
of deposits. These are of many kinds.
Alluvial plains are formed by the
deposition of sediment by rivers, that
accumulate over time, such as the Indo-
Gangetic Plain. Till plains, found in
North America and Europe, have been
formed by glacial deposits of clay, sand,
gravel, and boulders carried by ice. Wind
action accumulates sand to form desert
plains, such as the Sahara Desert.
Great Indo-Gangetic plainThe Mississippi River alluvial plain
Geo skill
Look at the map of plateaus—the
major plateaus have been labelled.
Study the map carefully and then
answer the following:
1. Name one plateau in North
America.
2. Name one plateau in Europe.
3. Name one plateau in Africa.
4. Which plateau will you find in
Australia?
5. Which plateau will you find in north
Asia?
6. Name a plateau in west Asia.
7. Which continent seems to have the
least number of plateaus?
Map 6.3: Plateaus of the world
69
Book 6
Updated maps and interpretive exercises to
hone map-reading skills
Dry deserts
A desert is usually a very hot, sandy, and dry place. Not
many tress grow there. So very few people and animals
live in deserts. Sometimes it does not rain for years in
the deserts!
Forests
Some places have lots of trees.
Many different kinds of animals,
birds, and insects live there. These
are called forests.
Forests are very important. Trees clean the air and give
us many useful things.
Oceans and seas
Seas and oceans are huge water bodies. Most of our Earth
is covered with water that is found in oceans and seas.
Oceans and seas are full of fish, and plants that grow under
the water. The land along oceans or seas is called the coast.
A piece of land with water all around is an island.
Now you are talking!
Can you think of some things that we get
from the forests?from the forests?
Desert
An Island
SAVE THE PLANET
The Earth is our home. It is our duty to keep all landforms on
Earth clean. When you go for vacations to different places,
make sure you do not make the place dirty. Keep your own city
clean too.
Forest
The camel is known as
the ‘ship of the desert’
because it can live in the
dry deserts without water and food for many days. It
can travel long distances through the sandy deserts.
...and that’s a fact...
73
Book 2
Communication-based activities
Bank
We can keep our money and
other costly things in the bank.
Our money is safe here.
Police station
Every neighbourhood usually has
a police station. Policemen and
policewomen work here to keep
the neighbourhood safe.
Hospital
We go to the hospital when we are sick or
when we get hurt. Doctors and nurses treat
us and look after us while we are there.
Fire station
Whenever there is a fire in the
neighbourhood, the fire station sends
a fire brigade and firefighters. They
help in putting the fire out.
‘I promise that I will keep myself clean, then my house, my surroundings, my
society, my state and finally my nation will be clean,’ said former President
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam.
Can you also make a promise to yourself to clean your neighbourhood? With the help of
your friends, parents, teachers, and your neighbours, organize a cleaning campaign and
ask the people in the neighbourhood to keep their houses and compounds clean.
Activity
Here is a fun idea. Start a neighbourhood kids club. Get together with all the kids in your
neighbourhood. Once a week, do something good for the neighbourhood. Some ideas
are: cleaning the neighbourhood park, visiting the old people in the neighbourhood,
collecting old clothes and books to be given to the poor children or planting a tree.
39
Book 2
HOTS questions foster critical thinking
scientific skills
Summative Assessment 2 (Chapters 10-18)
(40 marks)
A. Fill in the blanks. (5×1 mark)
1. When factories dump their waste into rivers and make them dirty, it is called _____________
pollution.
2. Newspapers and radio are a means of _____________.
3. Our shadow is shortest at _____________.
4. The national animal of India is the _____________.
5. Early humans made tools out of _____________.
B. Match the following: (5×1 mark)
1. Camel a) high mountain ranges
2. Plateau b) ship of the desert
3. Calendar c) people of India
4. Indians d) land which is higher than the nearby land but with a flat top
5. Himalayas e) shows the months of a year and the days of a month too
C. Underline the correct answer. (5×1 marks)
1. The ___________ tells us whether it is sunny, rainy, windy, or cloudy at any time of the day.
a) season b) weather c) climate
2. _____________ are flowing streams of water.
a) oceans b) rivers c) seas
3. Helicopters are a mode of _____________ transport.
a) land b) water c) air
4. We need air to _____________.
a) eat b) drink c) breathe
5. We get cotton and jute from _____________.
a) plants b) animals c) oceans
D. Write Yes or No. (5×1 mark)
1. The life of early humans was like ours. _____________
2. The Earth has more water than land. _____________
3. The Sun rises at night. _____________
4. Trains run on tracks. _____________
5. Salty water is fit for drinking. _____________
E. Name them. (4×2 marks)
1. Weather of a place for a longer period of time: _____________
2. The main seasons in India: __________, __________, __________, __________, _________
3. Land areas next to oceans: _____________
4. Moving air: _____________
F. Answer the questions. (6×2 marks)
1. Why is the monsoon important?
2. What did early humans use to create fire?
3. Why do we use clocks?
4. What is the atmosphere?
5. How do lizards help us?
6. What is the national bird of India?
5. How do lizards help us?
6. What is the national bird of India?104
Book 2
Question papers at the end of each term in
each book