The document summarizes venous disease, including the anatomy and physiology of the venous system, chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, superficial thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, inferior vena cava interruption, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Key points include:
1) The venous system returns blood to the heart against gravity using valves, the calf muscle pump, and other factors. Veins have thin walls and valves to allow changes in caliber.
2) Chronic venous insufficiency is caused by valve incompetence leading to increased venous pressure, edema, skin changes, and ulceration. Treatment includes compression, elevation, and surgery.
3) Deep vein thrombosis occurs
This document summarizes key information about venous disease, including varicose veins. It discusses risk factors like family history and prolonged standing. Symptoms include leg fatigue and aching. Evaluation involves patient history, physical exam looking for varicose veins and skin changes, and tests like Doppler ultrasound to check for reflux. Venous reflux and obstruction can cause hypertension and symptoms by impairing blood flow from the legs.
This document discusses peripheral vascular disease and its management. It covers topics such as thrombosis, varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis, peripheral artery disease, aneurysms, Raynaud's phenomenon, Buerger's disease, venous disease, blood clots, lymphedema, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests including Doppler ultrasound, ankle-brachial index, angiography and treatments including medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes like exercise and smoking cessation.
Varicose veins and superficial venous insufficiency are conditions caused by abnormal blood flow in the veins leading to damage. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, prolonged standing, and prior deep vein thrombosis. Treatment options include conservative compression therapy, sclerotherapy to destroy veins chemically, and newer minimally invasive techniques like endovenous laser ablation which uses laser heat to close veins. While varicose veins cannot be cured, many treatment options have high success rates in closing veins and relieving symptoms with few complications. Ongoing management focuses on preventing recurrence through lifestyle changes and compression therapy.
Varicose veins and compression stockingsJacinta911
Varicose veins are caused by venous insufficiency which occurs when the veins in the legs fail to return blood back to the heart effectively. This causes blood to pool in the legs. Prolonged standing or sitting puts pressure on the veins and valves, weakening them over time. Symptoms include swollen legs, aching, and pain when walking or standing. Risk factors include family history, obesity, pregnancy, lack of exercise, and smoking. Treatment is usually compression stockings which apply pressure to squeeze blood back up the legs and prevent pooling. They come in different styles, lengths and compression levels depending on a person's needs.
VenoStrong
The unique formula of a natural veinotonic VenoStrong is specifically created to ensure a broad-spectrum effect on the venous system and addresses all causes and manifestations of the venous insufficiency.
toskovicgoca@gmail.com
Valvular heart disease affects the mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. Imaging plays an important role in assessing valve stenosis and regurgitation, effects on ventricular function, and associated pulmonary pathologies. Echocardiography is the main imaging modality and can evaluate valve structure and function, ventricular size, and pressures. Chest x-ray is also useful and can show valve calcification and chamber enlargement. Imaging is used to assess disease severity and guide management.
The document summarizes venous disease, including the anatomy and physiology of the venous system, chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, superficial thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, inferior vena cava interruption, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Key points include:
1) The venous system returns blood to the heart against gravity using valves, the calf muscle pump, and other factors. Veins have thin walls and valves to allow changes in caliber.
2) Chronic venous insufficiency is caused by valve incompetence leading to increased venous pressure, edema, skin changes, and ulceration. Treatment includes compression, elevation, and surgery.
3) Deep vein thrombosis occurs
This document summarizes key information about venous disease, including varicose veins. It discusses risk factors like family history and prolonged standing. Symptoms include leg fatigue and aching. Evaluation involves patient history, physical exam looking for varicose veins and skin changes, and tests like Doppler ultrasound to check for reflux. Venous reflux and obstruction can cause hypertension and symptoms by impairing blood flow from the legs.
This document discusses peripheral vascular disease and its management. It covers topics such as thrombosis, varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis, peripheral artery disease, aneurysms, Raynaud's phenomenon, Buerger's disease, venous disease, blood clots, lymphedema, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests including Doppler ultrasound, ankle-brachial index, angiography and treatments including medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes like exercise and smoking cessation.
Varicose veins and superficial venous insufficiency are conditions caused by abnormal blood flow in the veins leading to damage. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, prolonged standing, and prior deep vein thrombosis. Treatment options include conservative compression therapy, sclerotherapy to destroy veins chemically, and newer minimally invasive techniques like endovenous laser ablation which uses laser heat to close veins. While varicose veins cannot be cured, many treatment options have high success rates in closing veins and relieving symptoms with few complications. Ongoing management focuses on preventing recurrence through lifestyle changes and compression therapy.
Varicose veins and compression stockingsJacinta911
Varicose veins are caused by venous insufficiency which occurs when the veins in the legs fail to return blood back to the heart effectively. This causes blood to pool in the legs. Prolonged standing or sitting puts pressure on the veins and valves, weakening them over time. Symptoms include swollen legs, aching, and pain when walking or standing. Risk factors include family history, obesity, pregnancy, lack of exercise, and smoking. Treatment is usually compression stockings which apply pressure to squeeze blood back up the legs and prevent pooling. They come in different styles, lengths and compression levels depending on a person's needs.
VenoStrong
The unique formula of a natural veinotonic VenoStrong is specifically created to ensure a broad-spectrum effect on the venous system and addresses all causes and manifestations of the venous insufficiency.
toskovicgoca@gmail.com
Valvular heart disease affects the mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. Imaging plays an important role in assessing valve stenosis and regurgitation, effects on ventricular function, and associated pulmonary pathologies. Echocardiography is the main imaging modality and can evaluate valve structure and function, ventricular size, and pressures. Chest x-ray is also useful and can show valve calcification and chamber enlargement. Imaging is used to assess disease severity and guide management.
Nursing Care of Clients with Peripheral Vascular Disorders Part 1 of 3 Carmela Domocmat
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the vascular system and assessment of patients with peripheral vascular disorders. It discusses the components of the circulatory system including the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic system. It describes how blood flows through the body and the roles of each blood vessel type. The document also outlines how to assess patients for peripheral vascular disorders by examining pulses, skin appearance, edema and performing tests like the ankle-brachial index.
Varicose veins are abnormally enlarged superficial veins that can cause symptoms like aching or throbbing. They are caused by factors that increase pressure in the veins like prolonged standing, obesity, pregnancy, or genetics. Varicose veins are diagnosed through physical examination and sometimes ultrasound. Treatment depends on severity but may include compression stockings, minimally invasive procedures to close veins, or small incision surgery. Lifestyle changes like exercise and weight loss can help prevent varicose veins.
By: Joseph Zygmunt, Jr., RVT, RPhS
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
This document discusses atrial septal defects (ASDs), which are holes between the left and right atria of the heart that allow blood to pass from the left to the right side. The main types of ASDs are secundum, primum, and sinus venosus defects. If left unrepaired, an ASD can cause increased blood flow to the lungs, enlargement of the right atrium, and inadequate blood flow to the body. Surgical closure or device closure are treatment options to close the defect and restore normal blood flow patterns.
The document discusses several types of congenital heart diseases that can present in adults, including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein's anomaly, and transposition of the great arteries. It provides details on the anatomy, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment options for each condition.
This document discusses mitral valve disease, including mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation. It describes the causes, presentations, treatments for each condition. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral stenosis. Treatment options include balloon valvuloplasty or surgery depending on severity of stenosis and patient factors. Mitral regurgitation can be acute, such as from papillary muscle rupture, or chronic. The MitraClip procedure is discussed as a less invasive option for treating mitral regurgitation in high surgical risk patients. The COAPT trial demonstrated reduced mortality and heart failure hospitalizations for patients receiving the MitraClip plus medical management compared to medical management alone.
DORV is a congenital heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle instead of their normal positions. This causes oxygen-poor blood to circulate to the body. There are several types depending on the location of the VSD. Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. Diagnosis involves imaging tests. Treatment is usually surgical repair to redirect blood flow to the left ventricle, but the procedure depends on the type and severity of the defect. Complications can include congestive heart failure if left untreated.
The document discusses the anatomy and pathophysiology of the venous system in the lower extremities. It describes the deep and superficial venous systems, including the great and small saphenous veins, and the perforating veins that connect them. It explains how the musculovenous pump and one-way valves work to pump blood out of the legs, and how valve dysfunction or reflux can lead to varicose veins. Doppler exams are used to detect normal versus refluxing blood flow.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of lower limb ischemia.Abdellah Nazeer
This document discusses radiological imaging techniques for evaluating lower limb ischemia. It provides details on:
1. The definitions and classifications of acute versus chronic limb ischemia and their common etiologies such as embolism and thrombosis.
2. The imaging options for evaluating limb ischemia including digital subtraction angiography (DSA), duplex ultrasonography, CT angiography (CTA), and MR angiography (MRA) along with the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
3. Examples of imaging findings in limb ischemia including occlusion sites and presence of collaterals. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosing the etiology and guiding treatment of lower limb ischemia.
Mitral stenosis is characterized by obstruction of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle due to thickening and immobility of the mitral valve leaflets. The most common cause is rheumatic heart disease. As the stenosis progresses, the left atrial pressure rises, leading to pulmonary congestion and right-sided heart failure over time. On examination, findings may include an accentuated S1, opening snap, and mid-diastolic murmur with presystolic accentuation. Chest x-ray may show an enlarged left atrium and signs of pulmonary congestion. Treatment involves rate control for atrial fibrillation, diuretics, and potentially balloon valvuloplasty or
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that allows blood to flow between the left and right atria through an opening in the interatrial septum. The document discusses the history, types, embryology, natural history, hemodynamics, and clinical presentation of ASD. It notes that secundum ASD is the most common type, accounting for 70-75% of cases. Small ASDs may close spontaneously, but defects larger than 8mm rarely do so and are usually repaired. Over time, the left-to-right shunt can cause right heart enlargement and dysfunction if left untreated.
Disorders of arterial blood circulation2Mark Gokia
The document discusses disorders of arterial blood circulation and chronic arterial occlusion. It describes the stages of acute arterial thromboembolism including ischemia, structural changes, and necrosis. Chronic arterial occlusion results from gradual narrowing of arteries from conditions like atherosclerosis. Clinical signs include pain such as intermittent claudication at different walking distances, as well as hair loss, pallor, and decreased pulses. Investigations include blood tests and imaging studies like angiography and Doppler ultrasound. Treatment principles are aimed at relieving pain, preventing new clot formation through anticoagulation and dissolving existing clots with thrombolytics. Surgical methods like embolectomy, bypass grafts, and amputation may also be used.
This document contains a list of radiological findings associated with various cardiac conditions. It describes signs seen on x-rays that indicate enlargement of the left or right atria and ventricles due to conditions such as mitral stenosis, left ventricular failure, atrial myxoma, and ventricular septal defects. Specific metrics are provided for measurements that support diagnoses of problems like dilated cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale.
This document provides an overview of how different congenital heart diseases appear on chest x-rays. It describes the typical enlargements seen in different cardiac chambers and pulmonary vasculature for various conditions. For example, it notes that the right atrium is commonly enlarged in Ebstein's anomaly and atrial septal defects, while the left atrium may be enlarged in ventricular septal defects or patent ductus arteriosus. The document also discusses abnormalities in heart shape, such as a "boot"-shaped silhouette in tetralogy of Fallot. Overall, it serves as a guide for interpreting chest x-ray findings in the context of congenital heart disease.
This presentation discusses how to evaluate shock using echocardiography. It defines shock and describes the main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive. Guidelines recommend using echo to evaluate shock. The presentation reviews how to assess left ventricular systolic function, volume status, valvular pathology, and diastolic function. It provides examples of using echo to diagnose specific causes of shock like sepsis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and tamponade. The key messages are that echo is very useful for diagnosing and managing shock, and training in point-of-care ultrasound is important.
This document presents a case of multivalvular heart disease involving the mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valves. On examination, the patient had signs of mitral and aortic stenosis as well as aortic and tricuspid regurgitation. The clinical diagnosis was severe mitral restenosis, severe aortic stenosis, moderate aortic regurgitation, and functional tricuspid regurgitation, likely due to rheumatic heart disease. The document then discusses various topics related to multivalvular heart disease including common causes, factors modifying presentation, features of individual valve lesions, and combinations of lesions.
This document outlines three key areas of English abilities: listening and reading which are inputs, speaking and writing which are outputs, and communicative competence which involves using English abilities for communication.
Nursing Care of Clients with Peripheral Vascular Disorders Part 1 of 3 Carmela Domocmat
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the vascular system and assessment of patients with peripheral vascular disorders. It discusses the components of the circulatory system including the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic system. It describes how blood flows through the body and the roles of each blood vessel type. The document also outlines how to assess patients for peripheral vascular disorders by examining pulses, skin appearance, edema and performing tests like the ankle-brachial index.
Varicose veins are abnormally enlarged superficial veins that can cause symptoms like aching or throbbing. They are caused by factors that increase pressure in the veins like prolonged standing, obesity, pregnancy, or genetics. Varicose veins are diagnosed through physical examination and sometimes ultrasound. Treatment depends on severity but may include compression stockings, minimally invasive procedures to close veins, or small incision surgery. Lifestyle changes like exercise and weight loss can help prevent varicose veins.
By: Joseph Zygmunt, Jr., RVT, RPhS
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
This document discusses atrial septal defects (ASDs), which are holes between the left and right atria of the heart that allow blood to pass from the left to the right side. The main types of ASDs are secundum, primum, and sinus venosus defects. If left unrepaired, an ASD can cause increased blood flow to the lungs, enlargement of the right atrium, and inadequate blood flow to the body. Surgical closure or device closure are treatment options to close the defect and restore normal blood flow patterns.
The document discusses several types of congenital heart diseases that can present in adults, including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein's anomaly, and transposition of the great arteries. It provides details on the anatomy, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment options for each condition.
This document discusses mitral valve disease, including mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation. It describes the causes, presentations, treatments for each condition. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral stenosis. Treatment options include balloon valvuloplasty or surgery depending on severity of stenosis and patient factors. Mitral regurgitation can be acute, such as from papillary muscle rupture, or chronic. The MitraClip procedure is discussed as a less invasive option for treating mitral regurgitation in high surgical risk patients. The COAPT trial demonstrated reduced mortality and heart failure hospitalizations for patients receiving the MitraClip plus medical management compared to medical management alone.
DORV is a congenital heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle instead of their normal positions. This causes oxygen-poor blood to circulate to the body. There are several types depending on the location of the VSD. Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. Diagnosis involves imaging tests. Treatment is usually surgical repair to redirect blood flow to the left ventricle, but the procedure depends on the type and severity of the defect. Complications can include congestive heart failure if left untreated.
The document discusses the anatomy and pathophysiology of the venous system in the lower extremities. It describes the deep and superficial venous systems, including the great and small saphenous veins, and the perforating veins that connect them. It explains how the musculovenous pump and one-way valves work to pump blood out of the legs, and how valve dysfunction or reflux can lead to varicose veins. Doppler exams are used to detect normal versus refluxing blood flow.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of lower limb ischemia.Abdellah Nazeer
This document discusses radiological imaging techniques for evaluating lower limb ischemia. It provides details on:
1. The definitions and classifications of acute versus chronic limb ischemia and their common etiologies such as embolism and thrombosis.
2. The imaging options for evaluating limb ischemia including digital subtraction angiography (DSA), duplex ultrasonography, CT angiography (CTA), and MR angiography (MRA) along with the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
3. Examples of imaging findings in limb ischemia including occlusion sites and presence of collaterals. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosing the etiology and guiding treatment of lower limb ischemia.
Mitral stenosis is characterized by obstruction of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle due to thickening and immobility of the mitral valve leaflets. The most common cause is rheumatic heart disease. As the stenosis progresses, the left atrial pressure rises, leading to pulmonary congestion and right-sided heart failure over time. On examination, findings may include an accentuated S1, opening snap, and mid-diastolic murmur with presystolic accentuation. Chest x-ray may show an enlarged left atrium and signs of pulmonary congestion. Treatment involves rate control for atrial fibrillation, diuretics, and potentially balloon valvuloplasty or
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that allows blood to flow between the left and right atria through an opening in the interatrial septum. The document discusses the history, types, embryology, natural history, hemodynamics, and clinical presentation of ASD. It notes that secundum ASD is the most common type, accounting for 70-75% of cases. Small ASDs may close spontaneously, but defects larger than 8mm rarely do so and are usually repaired. Over time, the left-to-right shunt can cause right heart enlargement and dysfunction if left untreated.
Disorders of arterial blood circulation2Mark Gokia
The document discusses disorders of arterial blood circulation and chronic arterial occlusion. It describes the stages of acute arterial thromboembolism including ischemia, structural changes, and necrosis. Chronic arterial occlusion results from gradual narrowing of arteries from conditions like atherosclerosis. Clinical signs include pain such as intermittent claudication at different walking distances, as well as hair loss, pallor, and decreased pulses. Investigations include blood tests and imaging studies like angiography and Doppler ultrasound. Treatment principles are aimed at relieving pain, preventing new clot formation through anticoagulation and dissolving existing clots with thrombolytics. Surgical methods like embolectomy, bypass grafts, and amputation may also be used.
This document contains a list of radiological findings associated with various cardiac conditions. It describes signs seen on x-rays that indicate enlargement of the left or right atria and ventricles due to conditions such as mitral stenosis, left ventricular failure, atrial myxoma, and ventricular septal defects. Specific metrics are provided for measurements that support diagnoses of problems like dilated cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale.
This document provides an overview of how different congenital heart diseases appear on chest x-rays. It describes the typical enlargements seen in different cardiac chambers and pulmonary vasculature for various conditions. For example, it notes that the right atrium is commonly enlarged in Ebstein's anomaly and atrial septal defects, while the left atrium may be enlarged in ventricular septal defects or patent ductus arteriosus. The document also discusses abnormalities in heart shape, such as a "boot"-shaped silhouette in tetralogy of Fallot. Overall, it serves as a guide for interpreting chest x-ray findings in the context of congenital heart disease.
This presentation discusses how to evaluate shock using echocardiography. It defines shock and describes the main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive. Guidelines recommend using echo to evaluate shock. The presentation reviews how to assess left ventricular systolic function, volume status, valvular pathology, and diastolic function. It provides examples of using echo to diagnose specific causes of shock like sepsis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and tamponade. The key messages are that echo is very useful for diagnosing and managing shock, and training in point-of-care ultrasound is important.
This document presents a case of multivalvular heart disease involving the mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valves. On examination, the patient had signs of mitral and aortic stenosis as well as aortic and tricuspid regurgitation. The clinical diagnosis was severe mitral restenosis, severe aortic stenosis, moderate aortic regurgitation, and functional tricuspid regurgitation, likely due to rheumatic heart disease. The document then discusses various topics related to multivalvular heart disease including common causes, factors modifying presentation, features of individual valve lesions, and combinations of lesions.
This document outlines three key areas of English abilities: listening and reading which are inputs, speaking and writing which are outputs, and communicative competence which involves using English abilities for communication.
The document summarizes information about franchising opportunities with Decor&You, an interior decorating franchise. It describes the fast-growing interior decorating industry and benefits of owning a Decor&You franchise, such as a proven business model, buying power, and brand recognition. Franchisees can choose from three business models - DecorDesigner, Territory Director, or Regional Developer - with varying investment levels and responsibilities. Comprehensive training and support is provided to franchisees.
John Hellebusch has over 30 years of experience in supply chain management, business process design, and software development. He is currently a Principal Engineer at Aspen Technology, where he helped create their supply chain management software suite and has assisted customers in reducing inventory costs and improving on-time delivery. He has extensive experience implementing SAP systems and developing applications for supply chain planning, scheduling, and inventory management.
e-conn Q’in Media grubu altında sağlık sektörünün dijital ikonu olmak üzere kurulmuştur.
Sosyal Medyanın günümüzde ekmek-su gibi temel bir ihtiyaç olduğu dönemde, kullanıcıların en büyük arayış içinde olduğu, ancak beklentilerin karşılanmaktan çok uzakta olduğu en önemli alan Sağlık alanı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
İlaç sanayisinin sorumluluğu altında bulunamayan bilgilerin yerini maalesef umut tacirleri veya sahte şifacılar doldurmaktadır.
e-conn olarak kuruluş amacımız sanayimizi bu konuda “out of the box” düşündürmeye yönelmektir, mevcut yasaların ve yönetmeliklerin çerçevesinde ürünlerimizi uzun yıllar kullanılacak olan hastaların bu bilgileri sosyal sorumluluk çerçevesinde tarafsız ve bilimsel zeminde ulaşabilmelidir. Zira, “out of the box” düşünebilmek için Box’un içinde ne olup bittiğine hakim olmak zorundayız.
http://e-conn.net/
This document discusses advances in varicose vein treatment. It provides background on the medical director's training and experience. It then summarizes the anatomy and physiology of venous disease, causes of venous reflux, symptoms, and diagnostic testing including duplex ultrasound. Treatment options discussed include compression stockings, sclerotherapy, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and previous standard ligation and stripping surgery. Minimally invasive procedures like laser and radiofrequency ablation are now the accepted standard of care compared to previous more invasive surgery.
Excel is spreadsheet software that allows users to create tables to organize and calculate data. It allows automatic calculation of totals and creation of graphs. Excel is part of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software and can be used to create spreadsheets, documents, and presentations. Spreadsheets contain cells organized into tables that help perform calculations. Graphs in Excel include pie charts, column charts, bar charts, and line charts to visualize different types of data.
The document discusses rebirth and starting over after experiencing difficulties or loss in life. Some key points:
1) The author reflects on losses in their life, such as childhood toys, loved ones, and moments, but finds value in the lessons learned and memories made.
2) Rebirth is described as a new opportunity to renew hopes and beliefs in oneself and life after suffering or crying over hard times.
3) Readers are encouraged to let go of the past, cleanse their hearts, and embrace a new adventure with trust in life and themselves.
The document provides advice on how to be successful at work by not getting into trouble, aiming high, exercising for health, practicing teamwork, relying on trusted partners, staying focused on the job, saving money for difficult times, resting to relax, smiling at the boss, and believing nothing is impossible.
Social Media, Brand Strategy, Social Audience Engagement, Social Platform Strategy, Social Experiences, User Experiences, Social Integration, Interaction Design, Digital Creative, Tumblr, Web Development, Advertising, Design, Technology, Game Design, Mobile Development
This document discusses how Six Sigma principles can help quantify the voice of the customer for call centers. It outlines the key themes of Six Sigma including having a focus on customers, being data-driven, having process focus and improvement, proactive management, collaboration, and a drive for perfection. The document then discusses how Six Sigma methodology can be applied in call centers by identifying areas to understand the voice of the customer like quality, efficiency, strategic impact and customer satisfaction. It provides steps for successful Six Sigma implementation in call centers which includes identifying the business role, customers/needs, measuring current performance, analyzing weaknesses, redesigning processes, and improving critical customer requirements.
This document provides information on varicose veins, including their history, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points:
- Varicose veins are caused by incompetent valves in the veins that lead to increased pressure in the veins below. This can cause pain and skin changes.
- Diagnosis involves examination of the veins and skin, and tests like ultrasound and Doppler to evaluate reflux and blockages.
- Treatment ranges from compression stockings for mild cases to surgical procedures like vein stripping or ablation for more severe cases. Surgery aims to remove damaged veins and relieve pressure.
- Varicose veins are common, affecting about half the adult population to some degree. Risk factors
The document discusses the anatomy of the great saphenous vein (GSV) and treatments for varicose veins. It describes the GSV as the main superficial vein in the leg that connects to the femoral vein. It summarizes current treatments as including sclerotherapy, surgery such as vein stripping, and newer endovascular techniques like radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser therapy to close the GSV non-invasively. These minimally invasive methods are presented as promising new alternatives to surgery with benefits of shorter recovery times and fewer complications.
Deep venous thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in the deep veins, usually in the legs. It can progress and cause a pulmonary embolism, a potentially life-threatening blockage in the lungs. Risk factors include prolonged bed rest, obesity, older age, and inherited or acquired hypercoagulable states. Diagnosis involves ultrasound, venography or MRI. Treatment is usually blood thinners to prevent clot extension and embolism.
Venous thromboembolism refers to blood clots forming in the veins, which can break off and travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism). Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms deep in the leg veins and can progress upwards. Superficial vein thrombosis involves shallow leg veins near the skin surface. Risk factors include surgery, trauma, cancer, genetic conditions. Symptoms include leg pain/swelling. Diagnosis involves D-dimer testing and ultrasound imaging of leg veins. Treatment is blood thinners to prevent clot growth and embolism.
Varicose veins are abnormally dilated and twisted veins, most commonly occurring in the legs. They are caused by weakening of the vein walls and valves that do not function properly to direct blood flow back to the heart. The document outlines the anatomy of veins in the lower limbs, causes of varicose veins including heredity and prolonged standing, types of varicose veins, diagnosis through examination and investigations like ultrasound, and treatments including compression and surgery. Prevention methods include exercising legs regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tight clothing and high heels, and wearing compression stockings.
The document discusses varicose veins, including their anatomy, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options. It describes the superficial and deep venous systems, including the great and small saphenous veins. It covers non-surgical treatments like compression stockings and sclerotherapy, as well as surgical procedures for varicose vein removal including stripping, phlebectomy, laser ablation, and radiofrequency ablation.
This document provides a summary of varicose veins including:
- Incidence rates that are higher in women and industrialized countries
- Risk factors such as family history, pregnancy, prolonged standing, and obesity
- Presentation with dilated, tortuous veins and possible complications like eczema or ulcers
- Examination techniques including looking for varicose veins while standing and using tests like cough impulse and Doppler ultrasound
- Treatment options ranging from compression stockings and sclerotherapy to surgical procedures like vein stripping
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a circulatory condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, typically causing leg pain with walking. Exercise and lifestyle changes can help manage PAD symptoms and prevent progression. A study found that arm ergometry exercise alone significantly improved walking ability and time to onset of pain in PAD patients over 12 weeks compared to baseline. Specific yoga poses and breathing techniques may also help PAD symptoms.
The document discusses varicose veins and venous thrombosis. It defines varicose veins as dilated, elongated veins caused by venous hypertension. Valves in the veins and factors like muscle contraction help venous return. Varicose veins are caused by prolonged standing, family history, pregnancy, aging and other factors. Symptoms include leg pain, swelling and heaviness. Treatment involves leg elevation, compression stockings, sclerotherapy and surgery. Venous thrombosis occurs when blood clots form in the veins. Risk factors include immobility, surgery and genetic factors. Symptoms are pain, swelling and fever. Treatment aims to prevent further clots and embolisms with anticoagulants, compression and exercise. Nursing
Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually of the legs. It can dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. Risk factors include surgery, trauma, cancer, and prolonged immobility. Symptoms may include leg pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors and testing such as ultrasound, venography, MRI, or D-dimer blood test. Treatment focuses on blood thinners to prevent clot growth and embolism.
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the leg. It can cause leg pain and swelling. Left untreated, a DVT may travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism. Risk factors include age over 75, cancer, recent surgery or injury, and genetic conditions that increase clotting. Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors, examining leg swelling and pain, and imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment focuses on blood thinners to prevent clot growth and reduce risk of embolism. Guidelines recommend anticoagulation for confirmed DVT along with compression stockings and following up with repeat imaging.
This document discusses the clinical aspects of veins, including:
1) The anatomy of the venous system in the leg, including deep and superficial veins.
2) The physiology of venous blood flow, which is governed by arterial pressure, the calf musculovenous pump, gravity, and venous valves.
3) Common vein disorders like venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and chronic venous insufficiency which can result from valve damage or reflux and cause complications like ulceration.
Anatomy, Physiology & Classification of Varicose VeinsRavulJindal
Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous, elongated superficial
veins that are usually seen in the legs. It can occur in
any age group but most common in mid- twenties. It is
a progressive disease. It is more common in females than in
males.
Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins caused by valve incompetence allowing blood to pool. Key risk factors include aging, family history, pregnancy, obesity, and occupations requiring long periods of standing. Patients present with darkened, bulging veins and symptoms like aching, heaviness, and cramping. Diagnosis involves physical exam and ultrasound, with treatment ranging from compression stockings to sclerotherapy, laser ablation, and surgery depending on severity. Self-care like exercise, weight loss, and elevation can help prevent worsening.
This document provides an overview of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It defines DVT as a blood clot forming in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis. The document outlines key aspects of DVT including epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and complications. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like ultrasound and assessment of clinical prediction rules like the Wells criteria. Treatment aims to prevent dangerous complications such as pulmonary embolism, while management seeks to reduce long-term issues like post-thrombotic syndrome.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"AlexandraDiaz101
In a world overflowing with diet trends and conflicting nutrition advice, it’s easy to get lost in misinformation. This article cuts through the noise to debunk common nutrition myths that may be sabotaging your health goals. From the truth about carbohydrates and fats to the real effects of sugar and artificial sweeteners, we break down what science actually says. Equip yourself with knowledge to make informed decisions about your diet, and learn how to navigate the complexities of modern nutrition with confidence. Say goodbye to food confusion and hello to a healthier you!
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Advances In Varicose Vein Treatment
1. Advances In Varicose Vein Treatment Louis Grella, MD, F.A.C.S. Medical Director Advanced Vein Care Louis Grella, MD F.A.C.S. www.Advancedveincare.org
2. Vascular Training Experience Stony Brook Medical Center SUNY Syracuse: MD Degree Flushing Hospital Medical Center : General Surgery SUNY Stony Brook: Vascular Surgery Fellow North Port VA: Vascular Laboratory training Jersey Coast Vascular Institute: Vascular Surgery practice Advanced Vein Care: Medical Director Louis Grella, MD F.A.C.S. www.Advancedveincare.org
17. Many unnamed branches and Tributaries Louis Grella, MD F.A.C.S. www.Advancedveincare.org
18. Venous Disease Superficial System Varicose Veins Spider Veins Venous Malformation (birth marks and others) Venous Reflux Leg Swelling Venous Ulceration
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20. Calf Muscle Pump Just like the in heart we have diastole and systole This is why stretching your legs or walking improves circulation
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22. From the foot up to the heart Superficial vein disease always starts with abnormal valves and interruption to normal flow called venous reflux
23. Abnormal flow = Venous Reflux Damaged Valves Blood flows to the skin Blood is pushed distally and proximally Close loop recirculation Blood is retained in the leg Increased volume of blood (heaviness Fatigue) Increased venous pressure Veins Dilate (varicose veins)
25. Symptoms of venous reflux Leg Fatigue Leg Heaviness Itching and pain along veins Varicose Veins Spider veins (not always 2nd to reflux) Leg swelling( think DVT 1st) Skin Discoloration (lipo dermatosclerosis) Venous ulceration
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27. Remember this is only a manifestation of the underlying disease
41. Venous Stasis Ulcers Differential Diagnosis Venous ulcerations 50% on non healing ulcers Arterial ulcers in about 10% Malignancy : basal and squamous cell, lymphoma Infections: HIV, fungal Collagen vascular disorders: Lupus ec. Lymphatic obstruction Affects over 1 million people in the US 100,000 are disabled from this More common in elderly population
42. Venous Stasis Ulcers Etiology Venous Hypertension Venous reflux DVT Varicose veins Edema Biological factors Leakage of proteins impedes diffusion O2 Aggregation of white cells Block capillary flow Release on inflammatory proteins
43. Diagnosis of venous disease Physical exam Appearance Trendelenburg test Palpation Hand Doppler Duplex Examination R/O DVT Size of veins Map out superficial veins Locate the site of reflux Reflux 0.5 sec in GSV and 1 sec in deep system Find refluxing perforators
44. Venous Duplex R/O DVT Scan deep system in cross section, look for total compression of the vein in B mode Examine from the femoral vein to the below the pop Check flow characteristics with Doppler Sharp up stroke with calf compression Small or No flow with relaxation R/O DVI This must be done with patient upright Reversal of flow of > 1 sec with Valsalva or after calf compression
45. Duplex Anatomy Locate GSV Junction(FSJ) Look for Mickey's hat Normal venous flow Look at valve Venous flow is opposite the artery
52. Anatomy of Great Saphenous Femoral junction has multiple branches Runs on medial side of leg down to ankle Found in a facial sheet Perforators connect it to deep system
67. Sclerotherapy Cumulate vein with needle Inject Sclerosing Solution Sotradecol (Sodium tetradecyl sulfate) Pilodocanol Hyper tonic Saline Foam (Mix STS with air and make bubbles) Intravenous injection causes intima inflammation and thrombus formation
68. Sclerotherapy Use Neovascularization Perforators Clean up after Phlebectomies Spider veins Reticular veins GSV: can closure the, but has high recurrence rate