Vehicular Communications and VANETsSlide 1
introduction
Imagine a day when vehicles are able to communicate with each other,
imagine future where drivers would be warned of potential crash by the
vehicle they’re driving because of this communication.
The technologie to make this happen exists today it’s the vehicular
networks, this is what we will explain in this project.

Vehicular NetworkSlide 2
What is the vehicular networks ?
2006 - Frank Kargl - CCC Ulm
Vehicular networks are a novel class of wireless networks that have
emerged thanks to advances in wireless technologies and the
automotive industry. Vehicular networks are formed between moving
vehicles equipped with wireless interfaces that could be of
homogeneous or heterogeneous technologies.
These networks, also known as VANETs, are considered as one of the
ad hoc network real-life application enabling communications among
nearby vehicles as well as between vehicles and nearby fixed
equipment, usually described as roadside equipment .

Vehicular Communications and VANETsSlide 3
Vehicular networks architecture
The in-vehicle domain refers to a local network inside each vehicle
composed of an on-board unit (OBU) and one or more application unit(s)
(AUs) . The AU and OBU are usually connected with a wired connection.
The ad hoc domain is a network composed of vehicles and road side units
(RSUs) that are stationary along the road. An RSU can be attached to an
infrastructure network, which in turn can be connected to the Internet.
Two types of infrastructure domain access exist: RSU and hot spot.
RSUs may allow OBUs to access the infrastructure, and consequently to be
connected to the Internet. Or via a private hot spots (Wi-Fi hot spots).

Modern vehicle
A modern vehicle is a network of sensors/ actuators on wheels!
the vehicle has two radar forward and rear in order to detect others vehicles,
it has also a Human-machine interface ,the driver use it to send messages to
others , and a GPS to know its position in road.

Vehicle communication
There is two main types of communication
Vehicular to vehicular communication (V2V)
Vehicular to infrastructure communication (V2I)
Communication between (V2V) and (V2I) are
« ad-hoc » in nature

Vehicle Communication (V2V)
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications comprises a wireless
network where automobiles send messages to each other with
information about what they’re doing. This data would include
speed, location, direction of travel , braking, and loss of stability.
V2V would be a mesh network, meaning every node could send,
capture and retransmit signals.
V2V warnings might come to the driver as an alert , as a red light
that flashes in the instrument panel.
Warning:
Accident at. (x,y)
Warning:
Accident at (x,y)
!
!
Figure 1 : V2V communication

Broadcast between the networks infrastructure and vehicles,
Exchange of useful information about road conditions and
safety ,
it also allows the vehicle an internet connection.

Application Categories
The main goal of VANET is to provide safety and comfort for passengers.
Communication between vehicles can be used to
 realize driver support and active safety and comfort services like :
Intersection collision warning.
Emergency vehicle approaching warning.
up-to-date traffic .
weather information.
Instant messaging between vehicles.

Challenges
VANET face many security attacks and these attacks and threat can be
categorized in few classes:
a) Network Attack:
Network attacks are always on the top of the list and are classified as a
top priority since it can be dangerous such as Denial of Service Attack
As shown in the following figure:
Figure 2 : Network attack

2006 - Frank Kargl - CCC Ulm
b) Network Scalability :
the scale of this networks differs from country to another.
c) Network Management due to high mobility:
the network topology and channel condition change rapidly, High-Speed
and Real-Time Communication are necessary.
d) Environmental Impact:
VANETs use the electromagnetic waves for communication. These
waves are affected by the environment. Hence to deploy the VANET the
environmental impact must be considered.

Progress in Intelligent Vehicle Area Networks
.
.
The main focus is on the latest developments of intelligent transportation
systems (ITS) for intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle-area-networks to assist
driver safety. Intra (In-Vehicle) VAN are becoming necessary components
of smart vehicle system research . Two vehicle safety techniques, such as
passive and active are being employed and devised in vehicles to achieve
these objectives. Passive vehicle safety includes a set of tools or devices
such as seatbelts or air bags that improve safety in the event of an
accident. Active vehicle safety techniques consist of a variety of
techniques such as on-board driver assistance tools, lane-keeping or
congestion control tools, and others.

conclusion
In VANET, vehicles can communicate with the roadside communication
infrastructure and also among each other.
•The communication services enable a wide range of applications, ranging
from road safety and traffic efficiency, driving comfort and infotainment
The vehicular networks are future .

REFERENCES
.
.
[1] International Journal of Engineering Technology,
Management and Applied Sciences ,December 2014, Volume 2
Issue 7, ISSN 234
[2] Surmukh Singh, Sunil Agrawal VANET Routing Protocols:
Issues and Challenges Proceedings of 2014 RAECS UIET Panjab
University Chandigarh, 06 – 08 March, 20149-4476
[3]https://fr.slideshare.net/SarahBaras/vehicular-ad-hoc-
network-vanet-73003004?next_slideshow=1
[4] Bijan Paul, Md. Ibrahim, Md. Abu Naser Bikas. VANET Routing
Protocols: Pros and Cons. International Journal of Computer
Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 20– No.3, April 2011

THE END!!!
Thank you for your attention

Vehicular network-project-fin