Addiction Part 1 HHD (15) Notes Crash Course CRACK NEET by Dr. Sheth. For other Notes on NEET :https://www.slideshare.net/DrSheelSheth For Lecture Videos by Dr. Sheth : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZrCe6brNOZ75xfoCO47Y1w?view_as=subscriber

1. Jump to Pg 2

2. Addiction
(Part -1)
(Light Gray colour font implies : Not imp for NEET)
Addiction : It is a psychological disorder causing
habitual / compulsive intake of a drug substance or practice,
for pleasure & immediate gratification (short-term reward),
despite adverse consequences to self or others
It is a disorder of the brain’s reward system (Limbic System)
Drug :
It is any chemical substance or medicine which has a
physiological effect when ingested or introduced into the body
Medicine (as a subject) :
It is the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment,
and prevention of disease
Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved
to maintain and restore health by the
prevention & treatment of ailments or disease
Medicinal Drug / Substance
It is any chemical substance which has a
beneficial physiological effect (preventive or curative) on the
health or disease of an individual when ingested or introduced
into the body
Drug or Substance Abuse / Addiction :
abuse, also known as drug abuse, is use of a drug in amounts or by methods
which are harmful to the individual or others.
Drug Tolerance :
It is the diminishing effect of a drug due to
repeated administration at a given dose
Drug withdrawal : –
Unpleasent symptoms that occur upon cessation of drug abuse / addiction
Drug dependence :
It is a disorder in which cessation of drug use causes withdrawal which often lead
to further drug use)
Addiction is independent of withdrawal.
Causes of Addiction
-psychological factors (depression, attention seeking behaviour, etc)
-environmental factors (friends, drug peddlars, drug farming, etc)
-genetic (ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is used preclinically as an
addiction biomarker)

3. .
Examples of drug and behavioral addictions include:
-alcoholism, tobacco / nicotine addiction
-amphetamine addiction,
-cocaine addiction,
-opiate addiction,
Addictions of food addiction, addiction to sweets, sexual intercourse, gambling,
causing harm to others (sadistic addictions), disturbing others in classroom.
(attention seeking), etc
Many addictive practices begin with desire for attention, but , the pleasure received
from attention sometimes becomes addictive. (Not for NEET)
Medicines (medically used drugs) involved in Drug Abuse :
Amphetamines, Barbituirates, LSD, Morphine
Analgesic : Pain Relief Drug
Narcotic : Addictive pain relief & CNS depressant drugs (opiates)
Stimulant : a drug substance that increases energy and drive to do things
Hallucination : It is a feeling of realistic perception in the absence of reality (external
stimulus), that is feeling, seeing, hearing things that do not actually exist. They happen
due to some mental diseases / drugs
Delusion : A belief that is persistently held despite no real evidence generally in
reference to a mental disorder. Delusions are often reinforced by misinterpretation of
events. Most delusions have origins in some level of paranoia (unfounded / unknown
fears).
Panic Attack : It is a sudden episode of intense fear (real / imaginary) that triggers
severe physical reactions like increased heart beats, low BP, sweating . etc.
OTC = Over the counter
OTC Drugs are those which are legally available over the counter from a pharmacy
without a prescription of an Doctor / RMP (Regeitsred Medical Practitioner)
Schedule H drugs : It is a class of prescription drugs in India appearing (Drugs &
Cosmetics Rules, 1945) which cannot be purchased over the counter without the
prescription of a qualified doctor..
Palliation : to relieve or lessen symptoms without actually curing (with help of
symptomatic drugs)
Ds = disease
Dope : a drug taken illegally for enhancing performance in sports (some drugs are
considered illegal even for casual recreational use)
Doping is considered cheating and unfair play in sports or any competitive activity

4. WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency - Canada)
It is a foundation initiated by and affiliated to the International Olympic Committee to
promote, coordinate and monitor the abuse of drugs in sports
Every country and its atletes who participate in Olympics and other International and
National Sports, must follow Anti -doping guidelines, testing procedures &
penalties (for sportspersons, coaches, sports bodies & countries) laid down by WADA
Rx = Treatment
IV = intra-venous administration of a drug
IM = intra muscular administration of a drug
SC = Subcutaneous administration of a drug

5. Drugs
Nomen
-clature
CNS Depressants Stimulants Hallucinogens
Sedatives Tranquilize
rs
Hypnotics
Soporifics
Narcotics /
Narcotic Analgesics
Primary
Action
Calming
effect on
neural
system
by
reducing
irritability
excitement
Serenity &
tranquility
inducing
(at peace &
satisfied
feeling)
Sleep
inducing
effect
Hypnos =
sleep
narcotic = to make numb”)
(Analgesic = pain killer)
Narcotics are chemical
agents that induce
insensibility to pain &
surroundings upto stupor &
coma by action on
cerebral opioid receptor
Increase
Mental
energy &
drive
Distort reality -
loss of contact
with reality,
Example - Alcohol,
-Benzodiazepines (synthetic ),
-Barbiturates (synthetic)
-Antihistaminics (anti allergics)
-Anesthetics - Nitrous oxide, Chloroform
Opium, + its derivatives
Eg.
Natural - Morphine,
codeine
Semisynthetic -Heroine
(smack)
Synthetic – pethidine,
Methadione (non addictive)
-Nicotine /
Tobacco --
Caffiene
-Coccaine
(Coca/crack/
coke)
-Amphet-
amine
LSD,
Cannabis, -
(Marijuana,
Ganja, Hashish)
-Belladona &
Datura -
(Solanaceae)
-Atropine
Medical
Uses
Benzodiazipine & Barbiturates are used for
-surgical anesthesia, post surgical pain & treatment of pains during
drug withdrawal
- Treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), panic / anxiety, psychiatric
conditions,
Analgesics : Drugs that relieve pain. They act on PNS &/or on CNS
Two main types :
-Non-narcotic Analgesics - for mild -moderate pain relief
Paracetamol (acetaminophen), NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflamatory
drugs) eg.. Salicylates, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac (Voveran)
-Narcotic analgesics (NAs) / Narcotics - for severe painPain Relief
Natural Opiates
Post surgical/Post accident pain relief
Multiple
Uses (see
in Slide Part
2)
Limited Medical
Use