Here is the presentation about my final year project. I, intentionally, did not put every information on the slide because I decided to mention it on my presentation speech. That's one of my way to keep the audience with me.
1. The document describes an experiment to validate a new cellulose denuder for measuring ammonia gas.
2. The experiment involved testing 20-fold and 40-fold cellulose denuders impregnated with 6% phosphoric acid under low humidity conditions to collect 10 ppm ammonia gas over 8 hours at a flow rate of 2 L/min.
3. The results showed the 20-fold and 40-fold denuders performed similarly, collecting over 95% of the 10 ppm ammonia gas over 8 hours, indicating the denuder assembly method was an important factor for effective absorption.
Removal of hazardous elements from drinking water using byproducts from steel...Mitul Rawat
This document summarizes a presentation about using nano zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized from waste materials to remove hazardous elements from water. It discusses how nZVI was synthesized from iron compounds like FeCl3 and HSM scale using a green tea extract reducing agent. Testing showed the highest efficiency for producing nZVI used a 1% green tea solution with FeCl3. The nZVI was then able to effectively reduce and remove chromium VI, fluoride, chlorine, and arsenic from contaminated water samples. The conclusion is that nZVI is a better and more efficient adsorbent for remediating hazardous water contaminants compared to other methods.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of a Micro-Respirometer to Measure the Short-Te...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a micro-respirometer to measure the short-term respiratory quotient (RQ) of wastewater samples. The researchers developed a low-cost respirometer using locally available materials to determine oxygen consumption rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate, and RQ of wastewater samples. They tested wastewater samples from various sources covering a range of chemical oxygen demand levels. Samples from a pharmaceutical industry showed the highest carbon dioxide evolution rate and RQ above one. A mixed wastewater sample showed the highest RQ for low-range samples. The respirometer allows wastewater treatment plant operators to assess influent wastewater characteristics to inform plant operation.
CE8512- WATER & WASTE WATER ANALYSIS LAB MANUVALLokesh Kalliz
This document provides the procedure for determining the acidity of water samples through titration. It begins with an introduction on the principle of acidity determination, which is measuring a sample's capacity to react with a strong base. The procedure involves titrating the sample with a standard sodium hydroxide solution using a phenolphthalein indicator until the solution turns pink. The volume of base required is then used to calculate the acidity level in terms of milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate. Precautions mentioned include using carbon dioxide-free reagents and indicators to ensure an accurate result. In summary, this document outlines the titrimetric method for quantitatively analyzing a water sample's acidity level.
The document describes a field test of the LeadQuick test kit for detecting lead levels in soil. The test kit provides rapid, on-site lead detection in soil with minimal sample preparation. It was tested on certified reference soil samples and shown to accurately detect lead concentrations down to 132 mg/kg using a 0.2 mL soil sample, with average 83% recovery. The test kit is sensitive, inexpensive, and fast compared to traditional lab methods for soil lead testing.
EPA Method 200.7, Trace Elements in Water, Solids, and Biosolids by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, describes the procedure and requirements for multi-element determinations by ICP-AES. This presentation demonstrates the capability of the ICPE-9820, with the ASC-9800 Auto-sampler and the Standard Addition Kit, to produce quick, accurate results that comply with the method.
This document describes a method for determining the concentration of vanadium(V) in sediment samples. The method involves leaching vanadium(V) compounds from sediment samples using sodium carbonate solution, followed by analysis using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). The method was validated on certified reference materials PACS-2 and MESS-3, which are marine sediments with known total vanadium content. Approximately 19% of the total vanadium in PACS-2 and 5% in MESS-3 was found to be in the vanadium(V) form. Validation experiments showed quantitative recovery of vanadium(V) spikes added to the samples. The method provides an accurate means of determining vanadium(V)
Modelling of black liquor evaporator cleaningHuy Nguyen
This document discusses modelling of black liquor evaporator cleaning. The objective is to modify an existing scale dissolution model and test it during industrial evaporator cleaning at BillerudKorsnäs' mill in Skärblacka, Sweden. The goal is to gain insight into the scale dissolution process and find ways to improve evaporator cleaning. Data will be collected during an evaporator wash sequence through online process monitoring and laboratory analysis of liquor samples. The updated model will be used to evaluate scale distribution based on parameters like boiling point rise and heat transfer coefficient. Insights from this case study can provide understanding to optimize evaporator cleaning and reduce production losses.
1. The document describes an experiment to validate a new cellulose denuder for measuring ammonia gas.
2. The experiment involved testing 20-fold and 40-fold cellulose denuders impregnated with 6% phosphoric acid under low humidity conditions to collect 10 ppm ammonia gas over 8 hours at a flow rate of 2 L/min.
3. The results showed the 20-fold and 40-fold denuders performed similarly, collecting over 95% of the 10 ppm ammonia gas over 8 hours, indicating the denuder assembly method was an important factor for effective absorption.
Removal of hazardous elements from drinking water using byproducts from steel...Mitul Rawat
This document summarizes a presentation about using nano zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized from waste materials to remove hazardous elements from water. It discusses how nZVI was synthesized from iron compounds like FeCl3 and HSM scale using a green tea extract reducing agent. Testing showed the highest efficiency for producing nZVI used a 1% green tea solution with FeCl3. The nZVI was then able to effectively reduce and remove chromium VI, fluoride, chlorine, and arsenic from contaminated water samples. The conclusion is that nZVI is a better and more efficient adsorbent for remediating hazardous water contaminants compared to other methods.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of a Micro-Respirometer to Measure the Short-Te...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a micro-respirometer to measure the short-term respiratory quotient (RQ) of wastewater samples. The researchers developed a low-cost respirometer using locally available materials to determine oxygen consumption rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate, and RQ of wastewater samples. They tested wastewater samples from various sources covering a range of chemical oxygen demand levels. Samples from a pharmaceutical industry showed the highest carbon dioxide evolution rate and RQ above one. A mixed wastewater sample showed the highest RQ for low-range samples. The respirometer allows wastewater treatment plant operators to assess influent wastewater characteristics to inform plant operation.
CE8512- WATER & WASTE WATER ANALYSIS LAB MANUVALLokesh Kalliz
This document provides the procedure for determining the acidity of water samples through titration. It begins with an introduction on the principle of acidity determination, which is measuring a sample's capacity to react with a strong base. The procedure involves titrating the sample with a standard sodium hydroxide solution using a phenolphthalein indicator until the solution turns pink. The volume of base required is then used to calculate the acidity level in terms of milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate. Precautions mentioned include using carbon dioxide-free reagents and indicators to ensure an accurate result. In summary, this document outlines the titrimetric method for quantitatively analyzing a water sample's acidity level.
The document describes a field test of the LeadQuick test kit for detecting lead levels in soil. The test kit provides rapid, on-site lead detection in soil with minimal sample preparation. It was tested on certified reference soil samples and shown to accurately detect lead concentrations down to 132 mg/kg using a 0.2 mL soil sample, with average 83% recovery. The test kit is sensitive, inexpensive, and fast compared to traditional lab methods for soil lead testing.
EPA Method 200.7, Trace Elements in Water, Solids, and Biosolids by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, describes the procedure and requirements for multi-element determinations by ICP-AES. This presentation demonstrates the capability of the ICPE-9820, with the ASC-9800 Auto-sampler and the Standard Addition Kit, to produce quick, accurate results that comply with the method.
This document describes a method for determining the concentration of vanadium(V) in sediment samples. The method involves leaching vanadium(V) compounds from sediment samples using sodium carbonate solution, followed by analysis using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). The method was validated on certified reference materials PACS-2 and MESS-3, which are marine sediments with known total vanadium content. Approximately 19% of the total vanadium in PACS-2 and 5% in MESS-3 was found to be in the vanadium(V) form. Validation experiments showed quantitative recovery of vanadium(V) spikes added to the samples. The method provides an accurate means of determining vanadium(V)
Modelling of black liquor evaporator cleaningHuy Nguyen
This document discusses modelling of black liquor evaporator cleaning. The objective is to modify an existing scale dissolution model and test it during industrial evaporator cleaning at BillerudKorsnäs' mill in Skärblacka, Sweden. The goal is to gain insight into the scale dissolution process and find ways to improve evaporator cleaning. Data will be collected during an evaporator wash sequence through online process monitoring and laboratory analysis of liquor samples. The updated model will be used to evaluate scale distribution based on parameters like boiling point rise and heat transfer coefficient. Insights from this case study can provide understanding to optimize evaporator cleaning and reduce production losses.
This application note describes the methodology and use of the Shimadzu ICPMS-2030 ICP mass spectrometer for the analysis of trace elements in drinking and fresh waters following the EPA 200.8 method. This method is also used for analysis of wastewater. Here, we demonstrate the stability and sensitivity of the ICPMS-2030 for EPA 200.8 analyses.
Metrohm is the global market leader in titration and ion analysis equipment. They manufacture exclusively in Switzerland and provide comprehensive support services to water laboratories, including over 1300 free applications. Metrohm works with customers to develop customized solutions for water analysis to ensure compliance with various regulatory standards around parameters such as pH, conductivity, anions, cations and metals.
Estimation of Chlorine in Water Samples-ELECTROANALYSISIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the estimation of chlorine in water samples using electroanalytical and volumetric techniques. Water samples were collected from different depths and their chlorine content was analyzed using potentiometry and volumetry. Both methods were found to be simple and less time consuming, but electroanalytical techniques provided more accurate and reproducible results. Specifically, potentiometric titration using a chloride ion-selective electrode was able to detect the endpoint more precisely compared to direct titration using an indicator. Therefore, the study concludes that electroanalytical methods are better for analyzing chloride ions in water.
A Study on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Tannery Effluent Collected ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized the physicochemical properties of tannery effluent collected from Chennai, India. The effluent was found to be grey colored with an unpleasant odor and acidic pH. It had high levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, chlorides, and sulfates. These findings indicate the effluent had a high organic and inorganic load. The physicochemical parameters were determined according to standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The study aimed to analyze the effluent characteristics and identify the pollutants present.
The document summarizes research comparing the disinfection of wastewater using peracetic acid (PAA) and sodium hypochlorite. It discusses two case studies - jar testing of PAA and sodium hypochlorite at a wastewater facility in Cincinnati, and a study comparing the two disinfectants at a combined sewer overflow facility in Steubenville, Ohio. The research found that PAA was generally as effective as sodium hypochlorite at inactivating bacteria, but required a higher dose. PAA also produced fewer harmful byproducts and had lower aquatic toxicity than sodium hypochlorite. An ongoing study is evaluating the two disinfectants further at a CSO facility in
Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the...PerkinElmer, Inc.
The document describes a study evaluating the performance of a PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS using EPA Method 8260C for analyzing volatile organic compounds. Key findings include:
1) The GC/MS system met or exceeded all Method 8260C performance criteria for calibration, detection limits, precision, and accuracy when analyzing 31 volatile organic compounds.
2) Detection limits were as low as 0.05 μg/L and precision and accuracy were within accepted ranges of 76-109% and 0.9-7.4%, respectively.
3) The fast cooling GC oven and high throughput of the system allowed analysis times of under 30 minutes between samples.
This document describes two methods for analyzing cyanide: a colorimetric method and a titrimetric/spectrophotometric method. The colorimetric method detects simple cyanides by chlorinating the sample and reacting it with pyridine-pyrazolone to form a stable complex dye. It can detect cyanide concentrations down to 0.01 mg/L in water and 0.5 mg/kg in sediment. The titrimetric/spectrophotometric method chlorinates a sample to decompose cyanide, then determines total cyanide levels to calculate cyanides amenable to chlorination. It can measure cyanide exceeding 1 mg/L after chlorination is removed. Both methods are applicable to drinking, surface,
Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate components in a mixture using an inert gas as the mobile phase and a stationary phase in the column. Key aspects of gas chromatography include the carrier gas, sample injection, columns with solid or liquid stationary phases, temperature programming, and detectors like FID, TCD, ECD that measure separated components. Gas chromatography provides sensitive, precise, and accurate analysis of mixtures like drugs, foods, pollutants, and more within a short time.
This document provides an overview of gas chromatography and its various applications. It begins with defining gas chromatography as a technique used to separate and analyze compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. It then discusses gas chromatography's advantages of high speed, high sensitivity analysis. The document proceeds to summarize specific uses of gas chromatography in fields like agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine, petrology, food packaging, and drivers' safety applications like breathalyzer tests. It concludes by listing references for further reading on gas chromatography techniques and applications.
Using THGA and Zeeman Background Correction for Blood-Lead Determination in C...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Validated applications determining whole blood levels are generally performed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). GFAAS is cost effective, allows for detection limits well under the blood-lead level action guideline, and requires less operator training than more advanced elemental techniques.2 In this study, we will demonstrate the applicability of the PerkinElmer® PinAAcle™ 900T atomic absorption spectrometer (Figure 1) using the stabilized temperature platform furnace (STPF) and transversely-heated graphite atomizer (THGA), for use in customer-validated applications to determine lead amounts in blood samples.
Learn more about our solutions: http://bit.ly/IG2kI1
This document analyzes and quantifies levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic) in Cascade hops using graphite furnace atomic absorption and cold vapor techniques on a Shimadzu AA-7000 instrument. Dried and ground hops were digested in acids and diluted before analysis. Calibration curves for each metal showed good linearity above 0.999. Analysis of samples and spiked samples found metal levels within targeted ranges and recoveries of 90-110%, validating the method's accuracy and sensitivity at low concentration levels.
This document describes a new method for extracting trace amounts of mercury from natural waters using silver and gold nanoparticles impregnated in nylon membrane filters. Water samples are treated to convert all mercury species to Hg2+ and then reduced to elemental Hg0. The mercury is then collected on the nanoparticle-coated membrane filters during filtration. Mercury levels are then determined by thermal desorption from the filters using a mercury analyzer. This new method achieves a lower limit of detection of 0.04 ng compared to the traditional cold vapor generation method, and avoids additional sample treatment and contamination risks. Mercury was also found to be stable on the filters for at least 5 months without loss.
Intercomparison of Different Technologies for the Analysisof Total Mercury in...gurleyuk
Multiple methods promulgated by the EPA for compliance monitoring of mercury in wastewater were investigated and compared to cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This study was performed to identify the limitations and benefits associated with each analytical method and to identify how varying waste streams can induce method failures.
The document discusses different types of moisture measurement and their applications. There are several common methods for measuring moisture content, including drying methods like thermogravimetric analysis and oven drying, the Karl Fischer titration method, dielectric and infrared absorption techniques, and neutron analysis. Each method has advantages and limitations depending on the material and desired accuracy. Understanding moisture content is important for many industries as it can impact material properties and quality control.
This document summarizes studies on chemical characterization of particulates conducted in Eastern India. It discusses studies on PM10 and PM2.5 characterization in Kolkata, characterization of particulates from different sources, and the impact of sponge iron plants on air quality. It also summarizes findings on the association of chemicals like potassium, ammonium, and metals with particulates and the behavior of particulates and chemicals in the environment. The document emphasizes the importance of monitoring, identifying uncertainty sources, and estimating precision and accuracy in air quality studies.
This document describes a new methodology for testing chlorine levels poolside using DPD colorimetric testing with eXact® Strip Micro reagent delivery devices. The method involves using a waterproof chlorine test meter and eXact® test strips to quickly and easily measure free chlorine and total chlorine levels directly in pool water. The procedure takes about 2 minutes and provides accurate results to monitor chlorine levels and determine if the pool needs to be shocked to convert combined chlorine back to free chlorine. The method meets EPA and health department standards and provides a simple, reliable way for non-technical staff to test pool water quality poolside.
This document describes the development and validation of a UV-spectrophotometric method for estimating Abacavir Sulfate nanoparticles. The method was developed using a phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. The absorption maximum was determined to be 285 nm. The method was found to be linear between 4-24 μg/mL. Validation studies established that the method has good precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and is robust and rugged. The developed method provides a simple, precise and accurate way to analyze Abacavir Sulfate nanoparticles.
The DNAPac PA-100 columns provide high resolution separation and purification of oligonucleotides including DNA, RNA, and phosphorothioates. They can resolve failure sequences from full-length products, separate oligonucleotides with secondary structures or self-complementary regions, and assay phosphorothioate purity by resolving sequences with different levels of thioation. The columns also offer convenient scale-up from analytical to preparative sizes and allow for analysis of clinical samples on fast cartridges.
IRJET- Biosorption and Optimization Studies on Congo Red Dye with Fanwort...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the biosorption of Congo Red dye using fanwort powder. The researchers characterized the fanwort powder and dye-loaded powder using FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Equilibrium studies were conducted to determine the effects of contact time, biosorbent size, and pH on the biosorption process. The optimum conditions for biosorption were found to be a contact time of 40 minutes, biosorbent size of 53 μm, and pH of 5. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies were also included to understand the biosorption process. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the process parameters.
The document discusses various stages of drug development from preclinical to clinical trials in animals and humans. It describes studies conducted to determine toxicity, therapeutic index, adverse effects, and safety of new drug candidates. These include studies to evaluate single and repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. The goal is to accurately predict a drug's effects in humans based on animal studies and ensure safety before clinical trials.
This document provides information about probit analysis, which is a type of regression analysis used for binomial response variables. It can transform a sigmoid dose-response curve into a straight line. The document discusses the history of probit analysis and its applications in fields like toxicology. It describes how probit analysis is used to calculate toxicity values like LD50, which is the dose that kills 50% of test subjects. Finally, it explains different methods for conducting probit analysis, including by hand calculations, regression, or using statistical software.
This application note describes the methodology and use of the Shimadzu ICPMS-2030 ICP mass spectrometer for the analysis of trace elements in drinking and fresh waters following the EPA 200.8 method. This method is also used for analysis of wastewater. Here, we demonstrate the stability and sensitivity of the ICPMS-2030 for EPA 200.8 analyses.
Metrohm is the global market leader in titration and ion analysis equipment. They manufacture exclusively in Switzerland and provide comprehensive support services to water laboratories, including over 1300 free applications. Metrohm works with customers to develop customized solutions for water analysis to ensure compliance with various regulatory standards around parameters such as pH, conductivity, anions, cations and metals.
Estimation of Chlorine in Water Samples-ELECTROANALYSISIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the estimation of chlorine in water samples using electroanalytical and volumetric techniques. Water samples were collected from different depths and their chlorine content was analyzed using potentiometry and volumetry. Both methods were found to be simple and less time consuming, but electroanalytical techniques provided more accurate and reproducible results. Specifically, potentiometric titration using a chloride ion-selective electrode was able to detect the endpoint more precisely compared to direct titration using an indicator. Therefore, the study concludes that electroanalytical methods are better for analyzing chloride ions in water.
A Study on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Tannery Effluent Collected ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized the physicochemical properties of tannery effluent collected from Chennai, India. The effluent was found to be grey colored with an unpleasant odor and acidic pH. It had high levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, chlorides, and sulfates. These findings indicate the effluent had a high organic and inorganic load. The physicochemical parameters were determined according to standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The study aimed to analyze the effluent characteristics and identify the pollutants present.
The document summarizes research comparing the disinfection of wastewater using peracetic acid (PAA) and sodium hypochlorite. It discusses two case studies - jar testing of PAA and sodium hypochlorite at a wastewater facility in Cincinnati, and a study comparing the two disinfectants at a combined sewer overflow facility in Steubenville, Ohio. The research found that PAA was generally as effective as sodium hypochlorite at inactivating bacteria, but required a higher dose. PAA also produced fewer harmful byproducts and had lower aquatic toxicity than sodium hypochlorite. An ongoing study is evaluating the two disinfectants further at a CSO facility in
Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the...PerkinElmer, Inc.
The document describes a study evaluating the performance of a PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS using EPA Method 8260C for analyzing volatile organic compounds. Key findings include:
1) The GC/MS system met or exceeded all Method 8260C performance criteria for calibration, detection limits, precision, and accuracy when analyzing 31 volatile organic compounds.
2) Detection limits were as low as 0.05 μg/L and precision and accuracy were within accepted ranges of 76-109% and 0.9-7.4%, respectively.
3) The fast cooling GC oven and high throughput of the system allowed analysis times of under 30 minutes between samples.
This document describes two methods for analyzing cyanide: a colorimetric method and a titrimetric/spectrophotometric method. The colorimetric method detects simple cyanides by chlorinating the sample and reacting it with pyridine-pyrazolone to form a stable complex dye. It can detect cyanide concentrations down to 0.01 mg/L in water and 0.5 mg/kg in sediment. The titrimetric/spectrophotometric method chlorinates a sample to decompose cyanide, then determines total cyanide levels to calculate cyanides amenable to chlorination. It can measure cyanide exceeding 1 mg/L after chlorination is removed. Both methods are applicable to drinking, surface,
Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate components in a mixture using an inert gas as the mobile phase and a stationary phase in the column. Key aspects of gas chromatography include the carrier gas, sample injection, columns with solid or liquid stationary phases, temperature programming, and detectors like FID, TCD, ECD that measure separated components. Gas chromatography provides sensitive, precise, and accurate analysis of mixtures like drugs, foods, pollutants, and more within a short time.
This document provides an overview of gas chromatography and its various applications. It begins with defining gas chromatography as a technique used to separate and analyze compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. It then discusses gas chromatography's advantages of high speed, high sensitivity analysis. The document proceeds to summarize specific uses of gas chromatography in fields like agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine, petrology, food packaging, and drivers' safety applications like breathalyzer tests. It concludes by listing references for further reading on gas chromatography techniques and applications.
Using THGA and Zeeman Background Correction for Blood-Lead Determination in C...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Validated applications determining whole blood levels are generally performed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). GFAAS is cost effective, allows for detection limits well under the blood-lead level action guideline, and requires less operator training than more advanced elemental techniques.2 In this study, we will demonstrate the applicability of the PerkinElmer® PinAAcle™ 900T atomic absorption spectrometer (Figure 1) using the stabilized temperature platform furnace (STPF) and transversely-heated graphite atomizer (THGA), for use in customer-validated applications to determine lead amounts in blood samples.
Learn more about our solutions: http://bit.ly/IG2kI1
This document analyzes and quantifies levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic) in Cascade hops using graphite furnace atomic absorption and cold vapor techniques on a Shimadzu AA-7000 instrument. Dried and ground hops were digested in acids and diluted before analysis. Calibration curves for each metal showed good linearity above 0.999. Analysis of samples and spiked samples found metal levels within targeted ranges and recoveries of 90-110%, validating the method's accuracy and sensitivity at low concentration levels.
This document describes a new method for extracting trace amounts of mercury from natural waters using silver and gold nanoparticles impregnated in nylon membrane filters. Water samples are treated to convert all mercury species to Hg2+ and then reduced to elemental Hg0. The mercury is then collected on the nanoparticle-coated membrane filters during filtration. Mercury levels are then determined by thermal desorption from the filters using a mercury analyzer. This new method achieves a lower limit of detection of 0.04 ng compared to the traditional cold vapor generation method, and avoids additional sample treatment and contamination risks. Mercury was also found to be stable on the filters for at least 5 months without loss.
Intercomparison of Different Technologies for the Analysisof Total Mercury in...gurleyuk
Multiple methods promulgated by the EPA for compliance monitoring of mercury in wastewater were investigated and compared to cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This study was performed to identify the limitations and benefits associated with each analytical method and to identify how varying waste streams can induce method failures.
The document discusses different types of moisture measurement and their applications. There are several common methods for measuring moisture content, including drying methods like thermogravimetric analysis and oven drying, the Karl Fischer titration method, dielectric and infrared absorption techniques, and neutron analysis. Each method has advantages and limitations depending on the material and desired accuracy. Understanding moisture content is important for many industries as it can impact material properties and quality control.
This document summarizes studies on chemical characterization of particulates conducted in Eastern India. It discusses studies on PM10 and PM2.5 characterization in Kolkata, characterization of particulates from different sources, and the impact of sponge iron plants on air quality. It also summarizes findings on the association of chemicals like potassium, ammonium, and metals with particulates and the behavior of particulates and chemicals in the environment. The document emphasizes the importance of monitoring, identifying uncertainty sources, and estimating precision and accuracy in air quality studies.
This document describes a new methodology for testing chlorine levels poolside using DPD colorimetric testing with eXact® Strip Micro reagent delivery devices. The method involves using a waterproof chlorine test meter and eXact® test strips to quickly and easily measure free chlorine and total chlorine levels directly in pool water. The procedure takes about 2 minutes and provides accurate results to monitor chlorine levels and determine if the pool needs to be shocked to convert combined chlorine back to free chlorine. The method meets EPA and health department standards and provides a simple, reliable way for non-technical staff to test pool water quality poolside.
This document describes the development and validation of a UV-spectrophotometric method for estimating Abacavir Sulfate nanoparticles. The method was developed using a phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. The absorption maximum was determined to be 285 nm. The method was found to be linear between 4-24 μg/mL. Validation studies established that the method has good precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and is robust and rugged. The developed method provides a simple, precise and accurate way to analyze Abacavir Sulfate nanoparticles.
The DNAPac PA-100 columns provide high resolution separation and purification of oligonucleotides including DNA, RNA, and phosphorothioates. They can resolve failure sequences from full-length products, separate oligonucleotides with secondary structures or self-complementary regions, and assay phosphorothioate purity by resolving sequences with different levels of thioation. The columns also offer convenient scale-up from analytical to preparative sizes and allow for analysis of clinical samples on fast cartridges.
IRJET- Biosorption and Optimization Studies on Congo Red Dye with Fanwort...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the biosorption of Congo Red dye using fanwort powder. The researchers characterized the fanwort powder and dye-loaded powder using FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Equilibrium studies were conducted to determine the effects of contact time, biosorbent size, and pH on the biosorption process. The optimum conditions for biosorption were found to be a contact time of 40 minutes, biosorbent size of 53 μm, and pH of 5. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies were also included to understand the biosorption process. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the process parameters.
The document discusses various stages of drug development from preclinical to clinical trials in animals and humans. It describes studies conducted to determine toxicity, therapeutic index, adverse effects, and safety of new drug candidates. These include studies to evaluate single and repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. The goal is to accurately predict a drug's effects in humans based on animal studies and ensure safety before clinical trials.
This document provides information about probit analysis, which is a type of regression analysis used for binomial response variables. It can transform a sigmoid dose-response curve into a straight line. The document discusses the history of probit analysis and its applications in fields like toxicology. It describes how probit analysis is used to calculate toxicity values like LD50, which is the dose that kills 50% of test subjects. Finally, it explains different methods for conducting probit analysis, including by hand calculations, regression, or using statistical software.
Binary outcome models are widely used in many real world application. We can used Probit and Logit models to analysis this type of data. Specially, dose response data can be analyze using these two models.
This document discusses the key principles of toxicology including:
- Toxicology is the science of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Different types of toxicologists study toxicity through tests, mechanisms of action, and risk assessment.
- Descriptive toxicologists perform toxicity tests to evaluate risk, while mechanistic toxicologists determine how chemicals cause effects. Regulatory toxicologists judge risks to make chemicals available.
- Toxicity depends on dose and can be acute or chronic. Factors like chemical forms, metabolites, interactions, and individual susceptibility influence effects.
- Toxicity tests in animals are used to estimate risks before human exposure. Acute, subacute and chronic tests provide information on signs, organs and
This document provides an overview of toxicology and related topics. It defines toxicology as the study of poisons and their sources, properties, mechanisms of toxicity, toxic effects, detection, clinical manifestations, and management. It describes different types of toxic agents and mechanisms of toxicity. It also discusses factors that affect the action of poisons, including dose, route of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Analytical toxicology methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis are summarized, including chromatography techniques and immunoassays. The key steps and factors in the mechanism of toxicity, from delivery to the target site to repair or dysfunction, are outlined.
IRJET- Water Quality Assessment of Paravoor LakeIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that assessed the water quality of Paravoor Lake in India. Samples were taken from 7 locations around the lake and tested for various parameters like temperature, pH, turbidity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, biochemical oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids. The results showed that most sample locations had higher than permissible levels of chlorides and hardness due to high salinity in the lake water. The study then used a Microbial Desalination Cell technique with two types of algae, Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis salina, to desalinate the lake water samples. Chlorella vulgaris was able to reduce the chloride levels in 10 days but further treatment
WATER ANALYSIS /Water quality testing p.k.kPUSHPA KHOLA
This document discusses water quality testing parameters and methods. It notes that water contains contaminants and periodic testing is needed to ensure safety. Key physical, chemical, and biological characteristics are examined, including odor, temperature, pH, total solids, dissolved solids, suspended solids, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, oil and grease, and dissolved oxygen. Methods like titration, spectrophotometry, and incubation are described. Indian drinking water standards provide guidelines for parameters like TDS, pH, and hardness. Equipment used in analysis includes spectrophotometers, pH/TDS meters, COD digesters, and TSS filter assemblies. Regular water testing
Practical Implementation of the New Elemental Impurities Guidelines May 2015SGS
The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) released its Q3D Guideline for Elemental Impurities in December 2014, initiating reviews and changes in quality testing programs in bio/pharmaceutical companies around the world. In advance of the implementation dates, companies need to assess the risks of potential elemental impurities in their process and materials streams.
In this presentation, experts will review the requirements of elemental impurities guidelines from ICH, the European Pharmacopeia, and United States Pharmacopeia, outline practical recommendations to address implementation challenges, and discuss key considerations for analytical testing programs.
The slickwater stimulation of unconventional gas and oil shale plays creates flowback water with a composition that is unique to particular shale formations. Characteristically, these fluids contain high concentrations of salts (e.g., chloride, bromide) which are routinely determined using ion chromatography. This analysis typically requires sample preparation, including manual dilution, which can significantly increase the cost of analysis. Results presented will show highly reproducible determination of anions and cations from Marcellus Shale flowback water using inline conductivity to identify high salt samples and then automatically diluting them prior to injection, saving time and column life.
Biochemical Process as a means to Control and Mitigate Industrial Wastewate...Mohammad Dain Shah Munna
The document summarizes a study on using biochemical processes to control and mitigate industrial wastewater from Reckitt Benckiser Bangladesh Limited. The study tested various treatment processes including coagulation-flocculation, Fenton process, and aerobic treatment. Through these processes, COD was reduced by nearly 99% and final effluent parameters met Department of Environment standards with COD of 36 mg/L and BOD of 25.7 mg/L. The multi-stage treatment system effectively treated wastewater and improved upon the limitations of the company's previous effluent treatment plant.
This document describes the development of a solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (SPME-GC) method to analyze the compounds released from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum) leaves and track this dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic environments. The researchers optimized the SPME extraction conditions using standards representative of compounds likely present in River Red Gum leaf leachate. They then applied the optimized method to analyze artificial DOC solutions prepared from River Red Gum leaf leachate to demonstrate the potential of the method for fingerprinting and tracing natural DOC sources in rivers.
Analisis Kadar COD dan KMnO4 Pada PerairanRajaYustisia
Tujuan dari dilakukannya percobaan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kadar COD dan KMnO4 pada perairan yang akan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu menurut peraturan pemerintah dan baku mutu lainnya.
This document presents a study on the effects of potential leachate leakage from a biopharmaceutical waste landfill in Chikkathaguru, Bangalore, India. The study aims to examine the impact on physical and chemical properties of groundwater, determine the extent of contamination, and compare water quality to standards. Samples were taken from 8 groundwater locations and tested for various parameters. Results showed that most parameters exceeded permissible limits, including total hardness, TDS, chloride, phosphate and iron. The water was also acidic with a pH below standard limits. The study concludes the landfill is contaminating the surrounding groundwater.
Assessment and surveillance of drinking water qualityjyotinayak44
The WHO published guidelines for drinking water quality to ensure the safety of drinking water supplies. The guidelines relate to acceptability, microbiological, chemical, and radiological aspects of water quality. Key water quality parameters discussed in the document include turbidity, color, pH, chloride, calcium, ammonia, iron, sodium, and bacterial indicators like coliforms and E. coli. Guidelines are provided for acceptable levels of various chemical and radiological constituents in drinking water. Continuous monitoring of water quality is needed to assess safety and protect public health.
This document describes the development of reagent test strips for measuring total alkalinity and phosphate levels in water samples using handheld photometers. The strips were developed to extend the measurement ranges for total alkalinity from 1-320 ppm to 1-800 ppm, and for phosphate from 0-4 ppm to 0-6 ppm. The strips showed good reproducibility, precision, and accuracy when tested on various water samples. They provide a user-friendly, portable method for field analysis of important water quality parameters.
Analysis of Cations in Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water from the Marcellus Shale Using Ion Chromatography
This presentation describes the determination of cations in hydraulic fracturing flowback water using ion chromatography. In this work, sodium was most abundant, followed by calcium, strontium, magnesium, potassium, barium, ammonium, and then lithium, respectively. The quantity of scale-forming ions, such as calcium, strontium, and barium, is particularly informative because it can be used to determine the amount of anti-scaling agent in fracturing fluid mix that will maximize hydrocarbon recovery.
This study evaluated regeneration efficiency and optimization in suspended ion exchange (SIX) systems by quantifying resin blinding and its effects on contaminant removal. Researchers investigated the impacts of salt concentration and contact time on desorption during regeneration. Key findings include that higher salt concentrations and longer contact times improved desorption of anions from the resin, and that resin blinding decreased nitrate removal capacity but could be reversed with more thorough regeneration. The results provide insight into optimizing salt use during regeneration of SIX systems for more sustainable water treatment.
This document provides methods for determining inorganic nonmetallic constituents in water and wastewater using classical wet chemical techniques and modern instrumental techniques like ion chromatography. It discusses determining various forms of chlorine, nitrogen, and phosphorus to assess water quality for purposes like drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment process efficiency. The introduction to each procedure discusses appropriate sampling, containers, storage and applicability of the methods. Quality assurance and quality control procedures are also described to ensure accuracy of analytical results.
The document discusses private homeowner drinking water issues. It provides an overview of various water treatment processes and recommendations for addressing common drinking water problems. It also includes examples of water test results and recommendations for addressing issues identified in the tests, such as shock chlorination for bacterial contamination, oxidizing filters for iron removal, and water softeners for hardness. The presentation aims to help homeowners evaluate their drinking water sources and quality and determine appropriate treatment options.
Quick Reference Guide to Compendial Water Standards Jesse McLaughlin
What makes pharmaceutical water different? What are the major "contaminants" we are trying to remove? How do we do it? Aqua-Chem can help with the right solution to your Pharmaceutical compdendial water needs.
This document describes a study that aimed to optimize the extraction of acrylamide from potato chips using ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (US-LLE). The study investigated various parameters that could impact the extraction efficiency, including the choice of solvent, sonication time, solvent volume, and pH. Acetone was found to be the most suitable solvent for extracting acrylamide. An acidic pH of 3 yielded the highest recovery of acrylamide from the chips. The addition of Carrez solutions helped purify the extract. The optimized US-LLE method provides an effective way to quantify acrylamide levels in potato chips.
Removal of Fluoride From Drinking Water Using Tea Waste as AdsorbentIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on removing fluoride from drinking water using tea waste as an adsorbent. Through batch and column studies, the researchers tested the ability of chemically treated tea waste to adsorb fluoride. In batch studies, they found that 150 μm tea waste particles achieved the highest removal efficiency. Maximum efficiency was reached at a dosage of 13 g/l, initial fluoride concentration of 3 mg/l, contact time of 150 minutes, and pH of 6.5. Column studies showed the highest removal efficiency of 77.1% was achieved at a bed depth of 5.4 cm and flow rate of 5 ml/min. Regeneration studies demonstrated the adsorbent could be regenerated using sodium hydrox
This document describes an environmental engineering laboratory course on water and wastewater characterization. The course objectives are to familiarize students with procedures to quantify quality parameters of water and sewage. It lists 14 required experiments involving sampling methods, and determination of parameters like pH, turbidity, hardness, chlorides, dissolved oxygen, and BOD/COD. The document also provides the list of required equipment, references, and procedures for individual experiments.
Similar to Acute Toxicity Test Using Daphnia Magna - my thesis presentation (20)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Acute Toxicity Test Using Daphnia Magna - my thesis presentation
1. Sandra Cory Clarisa Tarigan and Dwina Roosmini
Department of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung
u
3. Raw water for drinking
water in
Bandung, Purwakarta,
Karawang, Bekasi and
Jakarta comes from
Citarum River.
4. In some experiments
conducted to examine the
water quality of Citarum river
still can be found toxicant that
is at alarming level.
5. One of the industries that
discharge their waste water
into the Citarum River is the
electroplating industry.
6. Preliminary study of acute
toxicity test using flow-through
test method with daphnia magna
as test animal on an
electroplating industry’s wwtp
effluent
9. 2
3
4
Introduction
1
Indonesia does not have any
standards governing the toxicity of
waste water parameters. In some
countries, a feasibility test for the
industrial wastewater effluent
based on the level of toxicity has
been developed.
10. 1
3
4
2
PRELIMINARY
- Field Survey
- Literature Study
Daphnia magna cultures Retrieving samples
Acute Toxicity Test
(WET)
- Flow-through test
- LC50-96 hours
- Measure:
pH, DO, temperature, alk
alinity, hardness, salinity,
ammonia
WWTP Effluent & Influent
Characteristic Test
Parameters:
TSS, COD, pH, CN, Cr, Cu, P
b, Ni, Cd, Zn
Analysis and discuccion
Conclusion and feedback
methodology
11. 1
3
4
2 Acute toxicity test
Both the range-finding & definitive tests were done by exposing the
test organism to 5 various sample concentrations.
The value of LC50 is obtained from PROBIT
- Range-finding test
- Definitive test
- LC50
Using flow-through test method
Using static test method
6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, 100%
12. 1
3
4
2 DAPHNIA ma
The early stage of
Daphnia magna using is
the process of
culturing test animals
Daphnia magna
that is used are
those who aged <
24 hours and will
not be fed during
the test
13. 1
3
4
c
2 Culturing DAPHNIA m
“The full grown
Daphnia magna
took just a few days
to sprout. Thus, it
does not take a
long time to prepare
for the test
organism culture.”
-Womsiwor
14. 1
3
4
2 Flow-through test React
- Made of acrylic (64 x 74 x 40 cm)
- The effluent flow is pumped continually
to the reactor
a
15. 1
3
4
2
50 ml
250 ml
2000 ml
11 cm
15 cm
12,5 cm
40 cm
2.5 cm
wood
1 2 3
4 5
60+4cm
70 + 4 cm
AQUA
Control
Flow-through test React
21. 1
2
4
3
results
Acute
toxicity
test
Value pH DO
(mg/l)
Temp
(oC)
Conductivity
(mS)
Highest 9.17 6.67 29 1.72
Lowest 8.25 4.18 26.3 0.33
Water Quality On Chamber Test During Definitive Test
1. pH
It is written that optimum pH for living place of Daphnid is between 8,5-9,5. The
solution test is base and still in optimum range.
2. DO
Daphnid can live well in water that contains dissolved oxygen from 4-6 mg/l. The
DO contained in solution test is still in optimum range. This is one of the benefit
of using flow-through test method. By flow-through test method, DO
concentration in reactor is more preserved.
22. 1
2
4
3
results
Acute
toxicity
test
Value pH DO
(mg/l)
Temp
(oC)
Conductivity
(mS)
Highest 9.17 6.67 29 1.72
Lowest 8.25 4.18 26.3 0.33
Water Quality On Chamber Test During Definitive Test
3. Temperature
Daphnid can live well on temperature range from 18 to 26oC. The temperature
that is occurred goes beyond the optimum temperature range. But, the daphnids
has been cultured in the location for about 4 weeks. This gives them time to adapt
with the temperature on the location.
4. Conductivity
Optimum conductivity value of daphnid living place is 0,5 mS. The value of
conductivity in the chamber test exceeds the optimum value. This might
contributes to the immobility of daphnid during toxicity test.
23. Value Hardness
(mg/l
CaCO3)
Salinity
(o/oo)
TSS
Influent
(mg/l)
TSS
Effluent
(mg/l)
Alkalinity
(mg/l
CaCO3)
Ammonia
(mg/l)
Highest 176,04 2,10 22,33 25,33 545 0,96
Lowest 138,18 0,80 15,33 15,33 390 -0,04
1
2
4
3
results
Acute
toxicity
test
Characteristic of Waste Water During Definitive Test
1. Hardness
The higher the value of water hardness, the more toxic its effluent. For this
parameter, there has been no established standard so that can not be concluded
whether the obtained value is categorized as high value or not.
2. Salinity
The higher the value of salinity, the higher the possibility of immobility occurred to
daphnid. But from the measurement result, it can be seen that the value of salinity
is small and doesn’t need to be worried about.
24. Value Hardness
(mg/l
CaCO3)
Salinity
(o/oo)
TSS
Influent
(mg/l)
TSS
Effluent
(mg/l)
Alkalinity
(mg/l
CaCO3)
Ammonia
(mg/l)
Highest 176,04 2,10 22,33 25,33 545 0,96
Lowest 138,18 0,80 15,33 15,33 390 -0,04
1
2
4
3
results
Acute
toxicity
test
3. TSS
The established standard of TSS is 20 mg/l. There are some samples that exceeds
the standard. Also, there are samples where TSS effluent is higher than TSS
influent.
4. Alkalinity
pH value tends to increase as the value of alkalinity increases. From the obtained
data, the data appears to be parallel with the theory.
Characteristic of Waste Water During Definitive Test
25. 1
2
3
4 After analysing the characteristics and
comparison with the effluent water quality
standards from Ministry of Environment
Decision No. 51 year 1995 on wastewater
quality standards for Metal Coatings
Industrial Activities, there are some
physical-chemical parameters that still
exceeded these quality standard. These
parameters are pH, TSS, COD, Cr and Zn. The
acute toxicity test using flow-through test
reactor and Daphnia magna as animal testing
conclusion
26. 1
2
3
4 After analysing the characteristics and
comparison with the effluent water quality
standards from Ministry of Environment
Decision No. 51 year 1995 on wastewater
quality standards for Metal Coatings
Industrial Activities, there are some
physical-chemical parameters that still
exceeded these quality standard. These
parameters are pH, TSS, COD, Cr and Zn. The
acute toxicity test using flow-through test
reactor and Daphnia magna as animal testing
conclusion
29. Preliminary study of acute
toxicity test using flow-through
test method with daphnia magna
as test animal on an
electroplating industry’s wwtp
effluent
Editor's Notes
Tambahinpetachitose
Therefore, the WWTP effluent quality monitoring is generally carried out by the physical and chemical method.
based on KepMenLH No. 51-1995 about wastewater quality standard