I do not have enough context to answer questions about human anatomy or the content of the document. Could you please provide the full document you are referring to?

3. Group : C
Md.Jakir Hossain
Student Teacher
4thYear , 6th Batch
B.Sc in Nursing
Rangpur Nursing College,
Rangpur

4. objectives
General Objective:
At the end of this session, the students will be able to gain
knowledge, developed skills and attitudes towards activity and
exercise.
Specific objectives:
• At the end of this session, the students will be able to-
• Define activity and exercise.
• State the purposes and types of activity and exercise.
• Explain the benefits and dangers of activity and exercise.
• Enumerate the precautions and guidelines of activity and
exercise.
• Describe the procedure of Passive range of motion exercise.

5. Activity and Exercise
Sub: 133B; Fundamentals of
Nursing

6. • Contents :
1.Introduction .
2.Definition of activity.
3.Definition of exercise.
4.Purposes of activity and exercise.
5.Types of exercise .
6.Benefits of activity and exercise.
7.Dangers or effects of inactivity .
8.Precautions of activity and exercise.
9.Guidelines of activity and exercise.
10.Contraindication of activity and exercise.
11.Preparation of activity and exercise.
12.Procedures of passive range of motion exercise.
13.Reference.

7. Introduction:
Exercise is the part of activity.
The ward exercise means -

8. Run/Jog

9. Sports/Games

10. Dance

11. Stay Active!

12. Cooking

13. Definition of activity:
Activity is a situation in which a lot of things are
happening or being done. The activities of a
group are the things that they do in order to
achieve their aims. (Ref:http://medical dictionary)

14. Definition of exercise:
Exercise is physical activity that is
planned, structured, repetitive for
the purpose of conditioning any
part of the body.
Exercise is used to improve health,
maintain fitness and is important
as a means of physical
rehabilitation.
Ref: http:/medical-dictionary

15. Cont….
Exercise is the movement of the
patient’s body parts & joints
through its full range of motion
(ROM). It is the functional
activities of muscle, nerve, joints
as well as cardiovascular &
respiratory system.
Ref: Fund nursing, Averghese, Ed-2nd

16. Purposes of activity and exercise:
The main purpose of the exercise are to
prevent deformity & complications of joints &
muscles & to promote circulation to the
different parts of the body.
The specific purposes are:
– To promote joint mobility through range of
motion.
– To prevent deformities of joint.
– To improve functional co-ordination of body.
– To increase tolerance for more activity.

17. Cont….
– To maintain and build muscle strength.
– To prevent contracture, atony (insufficient muscular
tone) and atrophy of muscles.
– To stimulate circulation, preventing thrombus and
embolus formation.
– Exercise is useful in preventing or treating coronary
heartdisease, osteoporosis, weakness, diabetes, obesity,
and depression.
– Range of motion is one aspect of exercise important for
increasing or maintaining joint function.
Ref: Fund nursing, Sk. Md. ZahirulAlam, Ed-3rd

18. Types of Exercise
Mainly it is three types. These are-
1. Fitness exercise.
2. Therapeutic exercise
3. Range of motion exercise.

19. There are five categories of fitness
exercise-
1. Aerobic.
2. Strengthening.
3. Isometric.
4. Isotonic.
5. Isokinetic.

20. a. Aerobic exercise
Improve cardiovascular fitness, assist
with weight control, Improve general
functional ability.

21. Cont….
Example:
Jumping
Running

22. Cont….
walking

23. Cont….
b. Strengthening exercise:
Maintain and increase muscle strength.
Example:
•Weight
training
•physical
labor

24. Cont….
c. Isometric: Gluteal sitting
d. Isotonic: Performance of activities of daily living.
e. Isokinetic: Resistive exercise.

25. Cont….
2. Therapeutic exercise:
– Active exercise:
It is the exercise, movement or activities performed by
the patient him/herself independently without the
assistance of a therapist or nurse.
−Passive exercise:
It is the exercise, movement or activities performed by
a therapist or nurse or another person.
3. Range of motion exercise.
i. Active range of motion
ii. Passive range of motion
Ref: Fund nursing, Sk. Md. ZahirulAlam, Ed-3rd

26. Active range of motionPassive range of motion

27. Benefits of activity and exercise
Improves blood circulation.
Promotes good respiratory function.
Improves good posture.
Exercise produce general relaxation in
the body.
Reduction of blood pressure.
Lower risk of high blood pressure.
Reduction of elevated blood sugar.

28. Cont….
Improve physical appearance.
Increased bone density.
Reduced abdominal obesity.
Improves digestion & absorption &
utilization of food & increase appetite.
It helps in the supply of oxygen and
nutrients to tissues.
Ref: Fund nursing, Averghese, Ed-2nd+ Lecture

29. Dangers or effects of inactivity
Muscular system:
Weakness, Decreased tone & Strength & Decreased size
Skeletal system:
Poor postures & Contractures.
Cardiovascular system:
Impaired circulation & Dependent edema.
Respiratory system:
Atelectasis (collapse of alveoli) & Shallow respirations.
Urinary system:
Oliguria (scanty urine), Calculi (stone) formation &
Incontinence of urine.

30. Gastro-intestinal system:
Constipation.
Integumentary system:
Pressure sore/ bed sore.
Endocrine system:
Decrease metabolic rate & hormonal secretion.
Central nervous system:
Sleep pattern disturbances & Psychological
changes. Ref: Fund nursing, Sk. Md. ZahirulAlam, Ed-3rd

31. Precautions of activity and
exercise:
1. Before beginning any exercise program, an
evaluation by a physician is recommended to
rule out potential health risks.
2. Once health and fitness level are determined
and any physical restrictions identified.
3. The individual's exercise program should
begin under the supervision of a health care
or other trained professional.
4. This is particularly true when exercise is used
as a form of rehabilitation.

32. Cont….
5.If symptoms of dizziness, nausea, excessive shor
tness of breath, or chest pain are present during
exercise.The individual should stop the activity
and inform a physician about these symptoms bef
ore resuming activity.
6.Exercise equipment must be checked to
determine if it can bear the weight of people of
all sizes and shapes.
7.Individuals must be instructed in the proper use
of exercise equipment in order to prevent injury
. Ref: Fund nursing, Averghese, Ed-2nd

33. Guidelines of activity and exercise:
Decide the type of exercise which is suitable for
the patient.
Select a suitable exercise.
Proper clothing & shoes are required for the
exercise.
Plan to have exercise daily or 4 to 5 times a week
to maintain good health.
Start exercise slowly & gently in the beginning.
Plan the period of cooling down to prevent
irregularities of heart beat & pooling of blood in
the leg. Ref: Fund nursing, Averghese, Ed-2nd

34. Contraindication of activity and exercise:
• Joints with pathological
condition that is acute arthritis,
Fractures, Dislocated joints.
• Cardiac patient.
• In case patient’s complains of
severe pain, resistance and
fatigue immediately.
Ref: Fund nursing, Averghese, Ed-2nd

35. Preparation of activity and exercise:
• Light, not heavy
• comfortable
• If outdoors, wear light
color
• Comfortable shoes for
walking/running
• Comfortable socks

36. Procedure of Passive range of motion
exercise:
 Explain to the patient the purpose of doing exercise.
 Remove rings or other jewellery if presents.
 Remove all tight fitting cloths and provide a hospital
gown.
 Provide privacy and expose only the area that is being
exercise.
 Wash your hands before start practicing the skill.
 Keep the patient in supine Position.
 Start providing passive ROM exercise from the head
downwards.

37. Cont….
Head and neck:
• Perform these movements with the client with
the sitting position if possible. Rotation, flexion,
extension & Lateral flexion.
Shoulder:
• Flexion, Extension, hyperextension, abduction,
adduction, circumduction, external rotation and
internal rotation. Shoulder should be supported
proximally and distally.

38. Cont….
Trunk:
• Flexion, Extension, hyperextension, lateral
flexion, rotation of the trunk.
Elbow:
• Flexion, Extension, pronation and supination.
Support elbow joint both proximally and distally.
Forearm:
• Pronation and supination. Position wrist in
functional position.

39. Cont….
Wrist:
• Flexion, Extension, hyperextension, lateral
flexion, (radial & ulnar). Position wrist in
functional position.

40. Cont…
Hip:
• Flexion, Extension, hyperextension, abduction,
adduction, external rotation and internal rotation,
circumduction with support above and below
joints.
Knee:
• Move knee through flexion & extension.
Ankle and foot:
• Extension, planter flexion, dorsi flexion, eversion
and inversion of foot.

41. Cont….
Toes:
• Move through Flexion, Extension,
abduction & adduction.
Wash hands.
Record procedure.
Position patient in comfortable position.
Ref: Fund nursing, Sk. Md. ZahirulAlam, Ed-3rd

44. Q. What are the systems of human body? (Roll:1-20)
Q. What are the joints of human body? (Roll:20-40)
Q. Write the benefit of activity &exercise.(Roll:40-60)
Q. what are the categories of fitness exercise?
(Roll:60-80)
Q. What are the danger effect of urinary system due to
lack of activity?(Roll:80-100)