Gezgin, U. B. (2010). Environmental psychology, urban planning and economics: Intersections, crossroads & tangents. (Paper to be presented at ACP 2011: the Asian Conference on Psychology and the Behavioral Sciences 2011. 20-22 March 2011, Osaka, Japan.) Gezgin, U. B. (2011). Environmental psychology, urban planning and economics: Intersections, crossroads & tangents. (Paper prepared for ACP 2011: the Asian Conference on Psychology and the Behavioral Sciences 2011. 20-22 March 2011, Osaka, Japan.) Full text published in ACP Conference Proceedings, pp.50-67, ISSN: 2186-615X. http://www.iafor.org/ACP_Proceedings_2011.pdf
Psychology and Architecture in Cities: Phallic ArchitectureUlaş Başar Gezgin
Psychology and Architecture in Cities:
Phallic Architecture, Urban Quality of Life, Environmental Psychology and Social Engineering
Abstract
The urban links between psychology and architecture is closer than it looks at first glance: A somehow marginalized literature focuses on the notion of ‘phallic architecture’ which is loosely conceptualized as the urban high rises that were intentionally or unintentionally built to symbolize phallus. While global examples of intentional phallic architecture usually serves as touristic attractions, psychology as a discipline rarely focused on unintentional phallic architecture. Given the scarcity of comprehensive works on this topic, this paper tries to develop some psychologically-grounded arguments based on a few relevant sources.
Secondly, the paper reviews discussions about urban quality of life and the notion of ‘skyscraped city’ from a psychological perspective, together with spatial segregation not only on class lines or ethnic lines, but also on the distinction between advantaged vs. disadvantaged urban residents including social capital relations.
Thirdly, the paper connects the area of environmental psychology with the participatory approaches in the field of urban planning to extend beyond a critique of existing order by detailing a ‘planning for people, by people and with people’ framework. As stated in Gezgin (2011), environmental psychology revolves on research about the following: “Psychological effects of urban policies; place attachment and place identity; perceptions of city image and urban design; pro-environmental behavior, transportation choices, urban navigation and commuting issues; urban noise, recycling behavior, energy-related behaviors, green identities; and perceptions, attitudes and information on green issues such climate change, global warming, sustainability, conservation, biodiversity, and mitigation measures.”
Finally, as the backdrop to all these topics covered in the paper, the debates on social engineering are on the spot, since the paper conceptualizes psychology and architecture as two subareas of social engineering, following a holistic analysis of ‘authority’. The paper plans to reverse-engineer psychology and architecture in this context.
Keywords: Architecture, psychology, environmental psychology, participatory planning, and social engineering.
Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments.
This short power point presentation deals with the beginning, scope, domains, concepts, challenges and directions for future research in this relatively new sub-field of Applied Psychology.
The purpose of this lecture is primarily to introduce and explore the main themes and foci of environmental psychology and to also consider inter-relations between environmental and social psychology.
Psychology and Architecture in Cities: Phallic ArchitectureUlaş Başar Gezgin
Psychology and Architecture in Cities:
Phallic Architecture, Urban Quality of Life, Environmental Psychology and Social Engineering
Abstract
The urban links between psychology and architecture is closer than it looks at first glance: A somehow marginalized literature focuses on the notion of ‘phallic architecture’ which is loosely conceptualized as the urban high rises that were intentionally or unintentionally built to symbolize phallus. While global examples of intentional phallic architecture usually serves as touristic attractions, psychology as a discipline rarely focused on unintentional phallic architecture. Given the scarcity of comprehensive works on this topic, this paper tries to develop some psychologically-grounded arguments based on a few relevant sources.
Secondly, the paper reviews discussions about urban quality of life and the notion of ‘skyscraped city’ from a psychological perspective, together with spatial segregation not only on class lines or ethnic lines, but also on the distinction between advantaged vs. disadvantaged urban residents including social capital relations.
Thirdly, the paper connects the area of environmental psychology with the participatory approaches in the field of urban planning to extend beyond a critique of existing order by detailing a ‘planning for people, by people and with people’ framework. As stated in Gezgin (2011), environmental psychology revolves on research about the following: “Psychological effects of urban policies; place attachment and place identity; perceptions of city image and urban design; pro-environmental behavior, transportation choices, urban navigation and commuting issues; urban noise, recycling behavior, energy-related behaviors, green identities; and perceptions, attitudes and information on green issues such climate change, global warming, sustainability, conservation, biodiversity, and mitigation measures.”
Finally, as the backdrop to all these topics covered in the paper, the debates on social engineering are on the spot, since the paper conceptualizes psychology and architecture as two subareas of social engineering, following a holistic analysis of ‘authority’. The paper plans to reverse-engineer psychology and architecture in this context.
Keywords: Architecture, psychology, environmental psychology, participatory planning, and social engineering.
Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments.
This short power point presentation deals with the beginning, scope, domains, concepts, challenges and directions for future research in this relatively new sub-field of Applied Psychology.
The purpose of this lecture is primarily to introduce and explore the main themes and foci of environmental psychology and to also consider inter-relations between environmental and social psychology.
"The environment we live in is a 3 dimensional Rorschach test"
How does the environment affect our minds?
How does our psyche shape the environment?
What psychological and biological factors are responsible for our sense of aesthetic?
Inspired by my conversations with Ar. Jaisim, and by the superb book, "The Architecture of Happiness" by Alain De Botton, this presentation explores the interface between psychology and architecture.
A research project done by 5 students at Prince Sultan University for psychology course (PSY101).
“Buildings have a direct effect on our emotions. They can be depressing or uplifting, soothing or surprising, welcoming or forgiving.” -Eberhard
Environmental determinism and possibilismguestuser7
architecture 3rd and 4th sem
Influence of Environment on Behavior
Environmental Determinism
Environmental Possibilism
Enviornmental Probabilism
Environmental Determinism
known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism
Time Period: Late 19th century
Theory of evolution- survival of the fittest, process of natural selection
Environment (climate, soil, terrain, vegetation) controls human behavior
Birth of civilizations
Physical environment determines the culture and development of the society.
Environmental Probabilism / Cultural Ecology
Time Period: Late 20th century
Man is fairly knowledgeable, usually rational and predominantly acquisitive.
Individual’s decision cannot be predicted but his range of possible decisions and the probability of making one can be ascertained.
Environmental probabilism is a thought that considers the probabilistic relationship between physical environments and behavior. For example, an warm, and welcoming entrance to a campus building will increase the probability of it being entered more so than if it is cold and unwelcoming. The welcoming entrance does not cause entry, but the probability of entry can be increased with proper design.
BEHAVIOR is an individual’s response to the environment or to a self-generated stimulus, mediated by the following:
Physiological subsystem
Cultural subsystem
Social subsystem
Personality subsystem
The vital role of humanities, arts and Design of Built Environments on Human ...Negin Minaei
International Conference of The Role of Humanities, Arts and Transdisciplinary Practice in Higher Education,Alanus University and Crossfield Institute, May 29th-30th 2015 Germany, May 2015
Analysis of Sustainablity patterns of stair stepped villages in northwest Ira...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Various factors impact on residential complexes as well as villages. These are called economic, sociocultural and environmental factors. Sustainable residential complexes have balanced among these factors. This paper is studying the stair stepped village named Totakhaneh located in east Azerbaijan, Iran. The paper is to answer the question - are mentioned factors balanced in formation process of village texture? Is Totakhaneh a sustainable residential complex? The investigation method is descriptive-analytic; data and information collected through fieldwork and library study. Finally, it was concluded that although nature has meaningfully affected on the formation of the village; however sociocultural and livelihood issues have been influential on major and minor decision-making processes and the village has been assumed a sustainable residential complex before accession to the modern life.
Discussion about the interrelationships between architecture and environmental pyschology. Presentation of the PROHABIT research project at the 2nd OIKONET postgraduate seminar, ISCTE-IUL Lisbon, February 15, 2018
Gezgin, U. B. (2010). Urban biodiversity, economics & ethics. (Paper to be presented at ACERP 2011: Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion and Philosophy 2011. 20-22 March, 2011,Osaka, Japan.) Full text published in ACERP Conference Proceedings, pp.28-42, ISSN: 2185-6141. http://www.iafor.org/ACERP_Proceedings_2011.pdf
"The environment we live in is a 3 dimensional Rorschach test"
How does the environment affect our minds?
How does our psyche shape the environment?
What psychological and biological factors are responsible for our sense of aesthetic?
Inspired by my conversations with Ar. Jaisim, and by the superb book, "The Architecture of Happiness" by Alain De Botton, this presentation explores the interface between psychology and architecture.
A research project done by 5 students at Prince Sultan University for psychology course (PSY101).
“Buildings have a direct effect on our emotions. They can be depressing or uplifting, soothing or surprising, welcoming or forgiving.” -Eberhard
Environmental determinism and possibilismguestuser7
architecture 3rd and 4th sem
Influence of Environment on Behavior
Environmental Determinism
Environmental Possibilism
Enviornmental Probabilism
Environmental Determinism
known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism
Time Period: Late 19th century
Theory of evolution- survival of the fittest, process of natural selection
Environment (climate, soil, terrain, vegetation) controls human behavior
Birth of civilizations
Physical environment determines the culture and development of the society.
Environmental Probabilism / Cultural Ecology
Time Period: Late 20th century
Man is fairly knowledgeable, usually rational and predominantly acquisitive.
Individual’s decision cannot be predicted but his range of possible decisions and the probability of making one can be ascertained.
Environmental probabilism is a thought that considers the probabilistic relationship between physical environments and behavior. For example, an warm, and welcoming entrance to a campus building will increase the probability of it being entered more so than if it is cold and unwelcoming. The welcoming entrance does not cause entry, but the probability of entry can be increased with proper design.
BEHAVIOR is an individual’s response to the environment or to a self-generated stimulus, mediated by the following:
Physiological subsystem
Cultural subsystem
Social subsystem
Personality subsystem
The vital role of humanities, arts and Design of Built Environments on Human ...Negin Minaei
International Conference of The Role of Humanities, Arts and Transdisciplinary Practice in Higher Education,Alanus University and Crossfield Institute, May 29th-30th 2015 Germany, May 2015
Analysis of Sustainablity patterns of stair stepped villages in northwest Ira...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Various factors impact on residential complexes as well as villages. These are called economic, sociocultural and environmental factors. Sustainable residential complexes have balanced among these factors. This paper is studying the stair stepped village named Totakhaneh located in east Azerbaijan, Iran. The paper is to answer the question - are mentioned factors balanced in formation process of village texture? Is Totakhaneh a sustainable residential complex? The investigation method is descriptive-analytic; data and information collected through fieldwork and library study. Finally, it was concluded that although nature has meaningfully affected on the formation of the village; however sociocultural and livelihood issues have been influential on major and minor decision-making processes and the village has been assumed a sustainable residential complex before accession to the modern life.
Discussion about the interrelationships between architecture and environmental pyschology. Presentation of the PROHABIT research project at the 2nd OIKONET postgraduate seminar, ISCTE-IUL Lisbon, February 15, 2018
Gezgin, U. B. (2010). Urban biodiversity, economics & ethics. (Paper to be presented at ACERP 2011: Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion and Philosophy 2011. 20-22 March, 2011,Osaka, Japan.) Full text published in ACERP Conference Proceedings, pp.28-42, ISSN: 2185-6141. http://www.iafor.org/ACERP_Proceedings_2011.pdf
The influence of politics on environmental managementcaxtonk2008
Politics is part and parcel of environmental management
This calls for integration of political and environmental aspects in environmental management
It also calls for proper understanding of legislations and other political aspects in order to ensure effective and sustainable management processes
Growth Redistribution and Inequality Effects on Poverty in NigeriaUNDP Policy Centre
Jude Chukwu (Department of Economics, University of Nigeria and Visiting Research Fellow, IPC-IG) introduced his research, presenting its empirical findings during a presentation on the IPC-IG’s Seminar Series. He delved into the patterns of growth and inequality in Nigeria, as well as on the extent of pro-poorness and inclusiveness of growth in the country.
2009 The culture and economics of urban public space design public and profes...Lee Pugalis
Urban public space is once again a ‘hot’ topic and figures strongly in place quality discourse. City spaces are being recycled, reinterpreted and reinvented in a drive for a competitive quality of place. This paper illustrates the changing face of contemporary UK public space through a qualitative analysis of the perceptions held by public and professional-bureaucratic actors. Drawing on empirical case study research of five recent enhancement schemes at prominent nodes throughout the North East of England, the research explores the culture and economics of urban public space design. Some tentative observations are expressed in terms of the links between cultural activity and economic vitality, and some reflections on policy and practice are put forward.
Key words: urban public space, cultural vitality, economic activity, place quality
Pugalis, L. (2009) 'The culture and economics of urban public space design: public and professional perceptions', Urban Design International, 14 (4), pp. 215-230.
Unveiling the Impact of Urban Green Landscape on Quality of Life in Kaduna, N...AgboolaPaul3
This study investigates the influence of urban green landscapes on the Quality of Life (QoL) in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria, focusing on residents' perceptions and sustainable urban development strategies. Conducted from May to July 2023, the quantitative research surveyed 377 residents using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis, including correlation and t-tests, was performed using SPSS version 23. Findings reveal a positive perception of urban green spaces, significantly contributing to residents' QoL. Key results include high satisfaction with green areas enhancing environmental beauty (Mean=4.88, SD=0.90) and providing recreational appeal (Mean=4.45, SD=0.95). Additionally, these areas significantly impact perceived value (Mean=4.78, SD=0.93), prestige (Mean=4.92, SD=8.18), and attachment to the environment (Mean=4.71, SD=0.831). Residents with accessible and functional green spaces express higher satisfaction levels (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.9). The study underscores the importance of urban greenery in improving urban living conditions and offers strategic recommendations for sustainable urban planning. Addressing a gap in literature, this research provides empirical insights into residents' perspectives within Kaduna Metropolis, contributing to academic discourse and practical urban development approaches.
Sustainable Urban Development: Bioregionalistic Vision for Small TownsIEREK Press
Cities and towns are the social constructs in regional settings. They physically manifest and exist as power centres through various layers of culture, economy, politics, and religion. There was a symbiotic relationship between the ‘setting’ and the ‘construct’ in the past. With time and advent of technology, haphazard developments led to degradation of ecological systems and have become a confronted affair. Global warming, its adverse effects and the constant references to the words ‘sustainability’ and ‘resilience’ pose questions on the existing planning models. Small towns experiencing a tremendous pressure of urbanisation and rich in natural resources, coherence and identity are fast changing. An indispensable change in the planning models is necessary to mitigate this existential crisis and condition the emerging urbanism in small towns sustainably. This paper unearths the role and possibilities of bioregional planning as a sustainable urban development paradigm and suggests few indicative parameters forenvisioning bioregionalism in small towns.
Public Awareness in Management of Pro-Environmental and Sustainable Tourism AreaAJSERJournal
Attitudes and behaviours of caring for the environment are the willingness arising from internal
encouragement to express actions to care about the environment, to improve or maintain the quality of the
environment. The purpose of this research is to see the dominant factor that influences the attitudes and behaviours of
caring for the environment in the community who live in the tourist area. Research is in the Bili-Bili Dam Tourism Area,
South Sulawesi Province. The number of samples in this study was 100 respondents. The survey method in this study
conducted by in-depth interviews and through questionnaires to respondents. The sampling technique used is to use
purposive sampling. Processing questionnaires obtained from respondents then proceed with data analysis with
confirmatory analysis or often referred to as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with IBM AMOS Program. The results
showed that attitudes and behaviours in environmental care would increase if there is direct involvement of the
community in tourism management in the region. The existence of a sense of belonging will lead to attitudes and
behaviours to guard the tourist area. Factors that are encouraging attitudes and behaviours to care for the
environment by the surrounding community will have a direct impact on the sustainability of the region and the
environment.
Biophilic design as a framework to solve Sick Building Syndrome in the indoor...alaa404200
This is my defens presentation for my master degree in Interior archiecture. This reserch concentate more on developing strategies to improve the inadequate indoor environment quality caused by sick building syndrome and to develop an analytical frameworks assist in guiding and facilitating sense-making and understanding of the problem/solution process
Critical Approaches to the Concept of Sustainable DevelopmentAI Publications
It has been observed that while living in harmony with nature on earth until the industrial revolution, with the industrial production and consumption society formed after the industrial revolution, humanity has started to dominate nature more and the damage caused to nature has increased. Economic growth, contrary to expectations, increasing inequality in the distribution of income, the impoverishment of the broad masses of the natural environment in the emergence of problems such as destruction of natural resources, growth and development of the concept of sustainable development has revealed the new concept. Sustainable development suggests that both economic development can continue and the ecological system can be protected; the contradiction between the environment and development will disappear. The concept of sustainable development has been considered to be able to solve many country problems since its first appearance, and has been applied to many fields such as economics, politics, the environment and social culture. In fact, there are many aspects of the concept of sustainable development that are open to criticism. The aim of this study is to address the criticisms brought to the concept with a collective perspective. For this purpose, the criticisms brought to the concept of sustainable development based on the previous studies conducted on the subject were examined. It is thought that the study will contribute to the literature by eliminating the lack of a critical perspective on sustainable development in this way.
Similar to Acp 2011 osaka_environ_psy_dr_gezgin (20)
Neden Umutlu Olmalıyız?: 20 Neden
Ulaş Başar Gezgin, ulasbasar@gmail.com
Umutsuzluk
Son zamanlarda, özellikle seçimden sonra, büyük bir umutsuzluk dalgası, sosyal medyada ve başka mecralarda bir virüs gibi yayılıyor.
Herkes birilerini suçluyor: Halkı, partiyi, lideri vb.
Ancak umutlu olmak için nedenler de var. Bunlar gözden kaçıyor. İşte umutlu olmak için 20 neden:
Umut Nedeni 1
Tüm devlet aygıtları ve medyanın neredeyse tümü elinde olmasına karşın, seçim, başa baş gitti.
Umut Nedeni 2
25,5 milyon insan tek adam rejimine hayır dedi. Bu, azımsanamayacak bir rakam.
Umut Nedeni 3
Kılıçdaroğlu birçok büyükşehirde oyunu arttırdı. Bunun yerel seçimlerde karşılığını göreceğiz.
Umut Nedeni 4
Bu gidişle, AKP’nin elinde olan çeşitli ilçe belediyeleri yerel seçimde CHP’ye geçecek. Belediye geçişlerinin iyi yanı, CHP’nin politikalarının milyonlarca kişiye ulaşması. İmamoğlu’nun ve Yavaş’ın böyle bir üstünlüğü var.
Umut Nedeni 5
Kurtuluş Savaşı’ndan beri ilk kez Kürtler ile Türk milliyetçileri bir araya geldi. Bu durumun birbirini anlama açısından faydalı olacağını söyleyebiliriz. Her kesimden seçmen Millet İttifakı’nı destekledi. Farklı görüşlerini bir yana koyup aynı hedefe odaklanmak dikkate değerdi.
Umut Nedeni 6
Haklar ve özgürlükler mücadelesi bir seçime indirgenemez. Mücadele daha önce de sürüyordu, bundan sonra da sürecek. Önümüzde yerel seçimler var, onlara odaklanmalıyız. Hiçbir şey dünyanın sonu değil.
Umut Nedeni 7
AKP bloğunun en zayıf noktası, HÜDAPAR. Parti programı, AKP’li kadınlara bile ters. AKP’li kadınlar, siyasetçi oluyor, meslek sahibi oluyor, araba kullanıyor vb.
Kadın hareketinin yükselişine tanık olacağız.
Umut Nedeni 8
Kurtuluş Savaşı’ndan daha kötü bir durumda değiliz. Bu ülke, ne zorluklarla kurtarıldı.
Umut Nedeni 9
Türkiye’de sol ve ittifakları hiç bir zaman 25,5 milyonu bulmadı. Hep azınlık oldu. Çok partili hayatın tarihinde bu bir başarı olarak yazılmalıdır.
Umut Nedeni 10
Hep kısa erimli bakıyoruz. İstediklerimiz hemen gerçekleşsin istiyoruz. Ama öyle bir dünya yok. Daha uzun erimde bakarsak, muhalefetin oyları her defasında artıyor. Duvardan bazı tuğlaları çektik, diğerlerini de ileride çekeceğiz.
Umut Nedeni 11
İlk kez oy verenlerle genel olarak genç nüfus, Millet İttifakı’na oy verdi. Bu kesim, ileride CHP’nin lokomotifi olacak.
Umut Nedeni 12
Umutlu olmama şansımız yok. Umutsuz olursak, bu karanlık daha da güçlü hale gelecek.
Umut Nedeni 13
CHP’nin Ekrem İmamoğlu, Mansur Yavaş ve Tunç Soyer gibi görece genç ve dinamik liderleri var. Bunlar partiyi geleceğe taşıyacaklar.
Umut Nedeni 14
Bir toplumun ilerlemesi eleştirel düşünceye bağlıdır. CHP seçmeni, fanatikçesine bir lidere ya da partiye bağlı değildir. Eleştirel düşünceye en açık kesim olduğu için demokrasinin temel taşlarını oluşturmaya devam edecektir.
Umut Nedeni 15
Duygu siyasetine bakıldığında, bir taraf korku siyaseti güderken, Millet İttifakı umut aşıladı ve sevgi dili kullandı. (.......)
Deprem Sonrası Psikoloji: Değiniler ve Öneriler
Ulaş Başar Gezgin, ulasbasar@gmail.com
Özet
Deprem sonrası, bir ders alma, bir bilinçlenme dönemidir. İmar yasakları çeşitli oyuncular tarafından delinince çürük binalar onaylanır olmuş; bu durum, depremin olumsuz etkilerine davetiye çıkartmıştır. 99 depreminden ne yazık ki gerekli dersler alınmamıştır. 99 depremi sonrası yazılanlar, ne yazık ki bugün de geçerlidir. Depremin belirli psikolojik etkileri vardır. Bunları biliyoruz. Çeşitli belirtileri gösteren birincil ve ikincil travmalı deprem tanıklarını yadırgamamalı, onları yargılamamalıyız; çünkü bunlar sıklıkla söylendiği gibi, olağanüstü bir duruma verilen olağan tepkilerdir. Öte yandan, herkes, deprem nedeniyle travma yaşamaz. Kimin travma yaşayıp yaşamadığını bireysel değişkenler yanında toplumsal değişkenler de belirler. Sözgelimi, Japonya’da bilim ve teknolojiye güven ve kaderciliğin geri planda oluşu gibi etmenler, ülkede deprem travması oranının çok düşük olmasına yol açmaktadır. Oysa ülkemizde deprem, olağan olduğu fakat sıradan olmadığı için, hazırlıklı olmadığımız için, büyük bir toplumsal travma biçiminde yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, deprem sonrası toplumsal psikoloji konusunda çeşitli değinilerde ve önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Deprem, sosyal psikoloji, depremin sosyal psikolojisi, toplumsal travma, ve kadercilik.
Yapay Zeka ve Toplum: Yapay Zeka Sosyolojisiyle Eleştirel Bir Bakış
Ulaş Başar Gezgin
Özet
Yapay zeka ile toplum arasında ilişki hangi formlar almaktadır? Yapay zekanın toplum üzerinde ve toplumun yapay zeka üzerinde etkileri nelerdir? Bu çalışmada, yapay zeka sosyolojisi kapsamına giren çalışmalar taranarak, bu ve benzeri sorulara yanıt olarak bir bireşime ulaşmak hedeflendi. Bir kere, yapay zekanın değişik kullanım alanları var; bunların toplumsal etkileri farklı farklı. Toplum da bir bütün olarak algılanabileceği gibi, değişik kesimlerden oluşan bir karışım olarak da değerlendirilebilir. “Yapay zekanın toplumsal etkileri hangi alanlarda öne çıkıyor?” diye sorarsak, akla ilk olarak, yapay hukuk, tıpta yapay zeka kullanımı, eğitim amaçlı yapay zeka uygulamaları, sürücüsüz araçlar, yapay zekalı silahlar, ‘akıllı’ kent tartışmaları vb. gelecektir. Sosyolojik bir bakışla baktığımızda, emeğini satmak zorunda olan emekçi sınıflar da bir dönüşüm geçirecekler. Kapitalizmin refah toplumu anlayışıyla harmanlandığı ülkelerde, çalışma saatleri ve/ya da günleri azalacak; böylelikle, bireyler, eşe dosta, sanata, spora, belki de bilime daha çok zaman ayırabilecekler. Kapitalizmin daha geri olduğu toplumlarda ise, ‘yapay zekalanma’ süreci daha fazla sömürü ve baskı getirecek. Daha fazla sömürü, çünkü kârlar artarken, ücretlerin düşmesi olası. Daha fazla baskı, çünkü çalışanları gözetleme teknolojileri, hepgöz kameralardan elektronik prangalara kadar evrimleşerek baskıyı arttıracak. Teknolojik ilerlemenin iyimserleri ve kötümserleri var. İyimserler sayıca daha fazla olsa da – son çıkan bir teknolojinin yapabildiklerinden kim etkilenmez ki -, kötümserlerin eleştirilerine kulak vermemiz gerekiyor. İlk soru, teknolojik ilerlemenin toplumun hangi kesimlerine yarar sağlayacağı... İkinci soru, teknolojik ilerlemenin insan hak ve özgürlüklerini ne ölçüde destekleyeceği ve bunlara ne ölçüde ket vuracağı... Eleştirel bir bakış bir kez takınıldı mı, birçok yeni soru ortaya çıkacaktır. Bilim ve teknolojinin insanlık ya da kamu yararına kullanımı da olanaklı, kötüye kullanımı da. Otoriter devletler elinde bilim ve teknoloji, iç tehdit sayılan yurttaşları daha çok baskı altında tutmak ve dış tehdit sayılanlara karşı daha çok askeri harcama yapmak üzere kullanılıyor. Bu kötüye kullanımlara büyük şirketlerin kâr mantığı eşlik ediyor. Geçtiğimiz yıllarda Afganistan’da sivil hedefleri (sehven) vuran yapay zekalı silahlar ve Çin’de veri ve görüntü işleme bağlamında gözetim teknolojileri, haklar ve özgürlükler yerine iç-dış güvenlik söylemli kötüye kullanımlara örnek olarak verilebilir. Bu çalışmada eleştirel teknoloji çalışmalarının kapısı aralanıyor. Elbette bir metin kısalığında her konuya girilemeyecektir. Ancak yine de, kimi görüşler ortaya atılmış olacaktır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Yapay zeka, yapay zeka sosyolojisi, teknoloji sosyolojisi, eleştirel teknoloji çalışmaları, ve gözetim teknolojileri.
Yarım Saatte Psikolojiye Giriş - Ulaş Başar Gezgin
1 Psikoloji Bilimi
2 Biyolojik Yaklaşım
3 Duyu ve Algı
4 Bilinç
5 Öğrenme
6 Bellek
7 Biliş: düşünme, zeka ve dil
8 Yaşam Boyu Gelişim
9 Motivasyon ve Duygu
10 Cinsellik ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet
11 Stres ve Sağlık
12 Sosyal Psikoloji
13 Kişilik Kuramları
14 Psikolojik Bozukluklar
15 Psikolojik Terapiler
Gezgin (8 June 2022). The Political Psychology of ‘China Threat’: Perceptions and Emotions. Symposium on 'Emotions and Foreign Policy in Global International Relations: The West and the Rest' June 7-8th 2022
Instituto Cultura y Sociedad, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. https://www.unav.edu/web/instituto-cultura-y-sociedad/proyectos/emoforte-europa-turquia/call-emotions-foreign-policy-global-international-relations
The Political Psychology of ‘China Threat’: Perceptions and Emotions
Ulaş Başar Gezgin, ulasbasar@gmail.com
Abstract
In this study we first briefly introduced political psychology of international relations, and moved to the notion of threat perceptions in political psychology which extends from national threats to group threats. Thirdly, we focused on the so-called ‘China threat’ which is mostly considered as a theory, a perception, a discourse or a thesis, but also as an issue, a theme, a hypothesis, a notion, a charge, a narrative, a debate, an image, a coverage, a topic, a school of thought, a public discourse, a story, a perspective, a proposition, a specter, a view, a syndrome, a school, a fear, a sentiment, an idea, a terminology, a rhetoric, a possibility, a mentality, and an atmosphere, in the order of frequency. We also see other scholars preferring to use ‘the so-called China threat’ as they don’t believe it. The notion of ‘China threat’ is mostly associated with China’s military build-up which is visible in South China / East Vietnam Sea territorial disputes. China is at odd with most of its neighbors due to its revisionist moves. Emotions play a role in all parties to the conflict including the Asian neighbors and U.S.. Chinese government, reminiscent of the past humiliations, wants to be respected; but China’s military moves are viewed with fear, mistrust and suspicion among other parties. National threat perceptions are updated accordingly. As a response to China’s rise, conservatives and Republicans support containment policies, while the liberal and Democrat response is engagement. This division is also related to the attitudes towards Chinese people and Chinese government. China has its own logic in its moves, but to what extent it is rational is to be disputed. The study concludes with further discussions about China’s rise, considering the possibility of peaceful rise or confrontation.
Keywords: Political psychology, political psychology of international relations, threat perceptions, China studies, China threat.
Toplumsal baskınlıkla birlikte değerlendirilebilecek sistemi meşrulaştırma kavramı, temelde, toplumsal kimlik kuramına dayanıyor. Bu kurama göre birey, kendini ve ait olduğu grubu yücelten tutum ve davranışlara sahiptir. Kötülükler, ‘bizden olmayanlar’a yansıtılıyor; böylece, ‘bizden olanlar’ın tertemiz olduğu yönünde, bir kendini idealize etme süreci sözkonusu oluyor. Toplumsal baskınlık kuramı ise buna bir tuğla daha ekleyip toplumda hiyerarşinin altında olanların, üstte olanları yücelttiğini gösteriyor. Sözgelimi, toplumsal kimlik yaklaşımı açısından, yoksulların, kendilerini yüceltip zenginleri kötü, insanlığı kalmamış, duygusuz kişiler olarak görmeleri beklenirken (kimi zaman bunu yapıyorlar ama her zaman değil), onlar; tersine, zenginleri yüceltip kendilerini aşağılıyorlar. Arabesk edebiyat, tam da bundan doğuyor.
Sistemi meşrulaştırma kuramı, toplumsal baskınlık kuramındaki hiyerarşiyi destekleyici mitler kavramıyla aynı çizgide, ezilenlerin ezenleri yüceltmesine yol açan kimi araçlar olduğunu ileri sürüyor. Edebi anlatılarda, tarihsel olarak, bizden olmayanların kötülenmesinden, bizden olmayanların yüceltilmesine doğru bir geçiş olduğu söylenebilir. Aynı biçimde, ezilenlerin boyun eğmeyip er ya da geç hakkını aradığı anlatılardan, ezilmenin/yoksulluğun mutlaklaştırıldığı bir anlatı tarzına geçiş de sözkonusu.
“Son zamanların en çok konuşulan konularından biri yapay zeka. Yapay zekanın yükselişini ve yaygınlaşmasını olumlu açıdan değerlendirenler de var, olumsuz açıdan değerlendirenler de...
Yapay zekayı insanın yok oluşuyla ilişkilendiren korku senaryolarının tersi konumda, bir de, onun hatalı kararlar veren ve sınırlı bilişsel yetilere sahip insandan daha üstün, daha doğru, daha iyi kararlar alacağını düşleyen umutlular var. Onlara göre, insanın yanlış kararları bilişsel özelliklerinin yetersizliğinden kaynaklanıyor. Oysa bu, ne yazık ki doğru değil. İnsanlığın geliştirdiği yapay zeka, kimi açılardan, ancak insanlığın kendisinin olabildiği kadar akıllı-mantıklı ya da akılsız-mantıksız. Büyük hayaller kurmamak gerekiyor; çünkü öyle yapınca hayal kırıklıklarımız da büyük olacak.
Bilgi çağı, uzay çağı, yapay zeka çağı, büyük veri çağı vb. Hep geleceğe ilişkin varsayımlara ve çıkarımlara dayanan ifadeler. Bunlar, çoğunlukla, teknolojik belirlenimciliğe yaslanıyorlar. Bunlara göre, teknoloji öyle ilerleyecek ki toplumu peşinden sürükleyecek. Bunu teknoloji fetişizmi izliyor. O her şeyin ötesinde, her şey teknolojiden sonra geliyor. Oysa toplumsal süreçlerden bağımsız bir teknoloji yoktur; çünkü yeni buluşlar da bilimsel süreçler de toplumdan bağımsız değildir.”
1. Giriş
2. Turist Motivasyonu ve Kişilik
3. Turist Algısı
4. Turistin Öğrenme Süreçleri
5. Turistte Tutum Oluşumu ve Değişimi
6. Turisti İkna Etme
7. Medyada, Sosyal Medyada ve Ortamda Turistik Reklamcılığın Psikolojik Temelleri
8. Turist Davranışına Etki Eden Referans Grupları ve Fısıltı Gazetesi
9. Aile ve Sosyal Katmanlaşmanın Turist Psikolojisiyle İlişkisi
10. Kültürün Turist Psikolojisine Etkisi
11. Altkültürlerin Turist Psikolojisine Etkisi
12. Kültürlerarası Turist Psikolojisi
13. Turizm Sektöründe Segmentasyon
14. Turizmde Etik İhlalleri
15. Tüketim Toplumu ve Turizm
Gezgin, U.B. (2015). İnsan Hakları, Demokratik Okul ve Anadilinde Öğretim için Çokkültürlü Eğitim. Ankara: Ütopya. http://www.idefix.com/kitap/cokkulturlu-egitim-ulas-basar-gezgin/tanim.asp?sid=U12JEEVMR5RGXCH2G4LZ
İnal, K., Sancar, N. ve Gezgin, U.B. (ed.) (2015). Marka, Takva, Tuğra. AKP Döneminde Kültür ve Politika. İstanbul: Evrensel Kültür Basım Yayın. http://evrenselbasim.com/tanim.asp?sid=M15X44LPST2T0WTMBLOV
Gezgin, U.B., Inal, K., Hill, D. (ed.). (2014). The Gezi Revolt. People's Revolutionary Resistance against Neoliberal Capitalism in Turkey. Brighton: the Institute for Education Policy Studies. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Gezi-Revolt-Revolutionary-Resistance-Neoliberal/dp/095220424X
Gezgin, U. B. (2014). Bilişsel bilimler elkitabı. İstanbul: İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi.
http://www.pandora.com.tr/urun/bilissel-bilimler-el-kitabi/349165
http://bilisselbilim.com/bilissel-bilimler-elkitabi/
Gezgin, U. B. (2012). Psychology of You 2.0: Psychology of Social Media. Germany: Lambert Publishing. http://www.amazon.com/Psychology-You-2-0-Social-Media/dp/365913077X
http://www.slideshare.net/dr_gezgin/psychology-of-social-media-book
Gezgin, U.B. (2011). Economics, environment & society planning cities at the center of mass/mess of the sustainability triangle. Germany: Lambert Publishing.
http://www.amazon.de/Economics-Environment-Society-Planning-Sustainability/dp/3846531197
Gezgin, U.B. (2011). An economic psychological experiment: Individualism-collectivism, perspective taking, and real and hypothetical endowment effects. Germany: Lambert Publishing.
http://www.amazon.de/Economic-Psychological-Experiment-Individualism-Collectivism-Hypothetical/dp/3846546372
Gezgin, U. B. (2009). Silent movies, cognition and personality. Almanya: VDM Verlag. http://www.amazon.com/Silent-Movies-Cognition-Basar-Gezgin/dp/3639202694
Gezgin, U. B. (2009). Vietnam & Asia in flux, 2008: Economy, tourism, corruption, education and ASEAN regional integration in Vietnam and Asia. Darmstadt: H@vuz Publications. http://www.amazon.de/Vietnam-Asia-Flux-2008-Gezgin/dp/3981217055
Gezgin, U. B. (2007). Cana ve Hubli Purana opera librettosu. İstanbul: Çekirdek Sanat.
http://www.idefix.com/kitap/cana-ve-hubli-purana-opera-librettosu-ulas-basar-gezgin/tanim.asp?sid=L0EQ0LCXSH7HGB8JAQCM
http://www.slideshare.net/dr_gezgin/cana-hubli-purana-opera-librettosu
Gezgin, U. B. (2007). Asya yazıları. İzmir: Ara-lık Yayınevi.
http://www.ideefixe.com/kitap/tanim.asp?sid=C84V6SORQY4Y6K2QTXEF
Paz, O. (2000). Kartal mı güneş mi? (İsp çev: U.B. Gezgin). İstanbul: Virtüel Yayınevi. http://www.kitapyurdu.com/kitap/kartal-mi-gunes-mi/33724.html
Süer, A, Gezgin, U. B., Kızgın, S., Dinç, O. ve Ünsal, P. (2000). Öyküler- Gençlik Kitabevi Gençlik Ödülleri 2000. İstanbul: Gençlik Kitabevi.
1. Sanatçının yaratım sürecinin psikolojik (özellikle bilişsel, psikanalitik ve kişilik açılarından) çözümlenmesi
2. Sanat yapıtının bir çıktı olarak psikolojik (özellikle bilişsel, psikanalitik ve kişilik açılarından) çözümlenmesi
3. Sanat yapıtının sanatseverler ve özellikle de sanatsevmezler tarafından alımlanma süreci
4. Sanatçıyla ilgili genel tutumlar ve özellikle de olumlu/olumsuz kalıpyargılar
5. Sosyal psikoloji ekseninde bireysel ve toplu sanatlar ayrımı
6. Akıl hastalarının ürettiği sanat yapıtları ve sanat terapisi
7. Sanatın bir psikoloji yöntemi olarak kullanımı
8. Sanat eğitiminde psikoloji
9. Psikoloji bilgisiyle desteklenmiş sanat
10. Sanat yapıtlarıyla desteklenmiş bir psikoloji eğitimi
1. Sanatçının yaratım sürecinin psikolojik (özellikle bilişsel, psikanalitik ve kişilik açılarından) çözümlenmesi
2. Sanat yapıtının bir çıktı olarak psikolojik (özellikle bilişsel, psikanalitik ve kişilik açılarından) çözümlenmesi
3. Sanat yapıtının sanatseverler ve özellikle de sanatsevmezler tarafından alımlanma süreci
4. Sanatçıyla ilgili genel tutumlar ve özellikle de olumlu/olumsuz kalıpyargılar
5. Sosyal psikoloji ekseninde bireysel ve toplu sanatlar ayrımı
6. Akıl hastalarının ürettiği sanat yapıtları ve sanat terapisi
7. Sanatın bir psikoloji yöntemi olarak kullanımı
8. Sanat eğitiminde psikoloji
9. Psikoloji bilgisiyle desteklenmiş sanat
10. Sanat yapıtlarıyla desteklenmiş bir psikoloji eğitimi
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
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Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
Acp 2011 osaka_environ_psy_dr_gezgin
1. Environmental Psychology, Urban
Planning and Economics:
Intersections, Crossroads &
Tangents
Dr. Ulas Basar Gezgin
Economics lecturer
E-mail: ulasbasar@gmail.com
2. • Gezgin, U. B. (2010). Environmental psychology, urban
planning and economics: Intersections, crossroads &
tangents. (Paper to be presented at ACP 2011: the
Asian Conference on Psychology and the Behavioral
Sciences 2011. 20-22 March 2011, Osaka, Japan.)
Gezgin, U. B. (2011). Environmental psychology, urban
planning and economics: Intersections, crossroads &
tangents. (Paper prepared for ACP 2011: the Asian
Conference on Psychology and the Behavioral Sciences
2011. 20-22 March 2011, Osaka, Japan.) Full text
published in ACP Conference Proceedings, pp.50-67,
ISSN: 2186-615X.
http://www.iafor.org/ACP_Proceedings_2011.pdf
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 2
3. Contents
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Possible Contributions by Environmental Psychology to Urban Planning
• 2.1. Research on Place Identity and Place Attachment
• 2.2. Research on Environmental Attitudes
• 2.3. Research on Green Attitudes vs. Behavior
• 2.4. Research on Eco-Practices
• 2.5. Research Relevant to Disaster Planning
• 2.6. Research Relevant to Elderly-Friendly Cities
• 2.7. Research Relevant to Child-Friendly Cities
• 2.8. Research on Urban Crime
• 3. Suggestions for Collaboration of Environmental Psychologists and Urban
Planners
• 4. The Possible Links Between Environmental Psychology, Urban Planning and
Economic Geography
• 5. Conclusion and Recommendations
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 3
4. Abstract
• Compared to urban planning and economics,
environmental psychology is a relatively recent area.
The young discipline focuses on topics such as
psychological effects of urban policies; place
attachment and place identity; perceptions of city
image and urban design; pro-environmental behavior,
transportation choices, urban navigation and
commuting issues; urban noise, recycling behavior,
energy-related behaviors, green identities; and
perceptions, attitudes and information on green issues
such climate change, global warming, sustainability,
conservation, biodiversity, and mitigation measures.
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 4
5. Abstract
• On the other hand, economics is involved in urban issues through the
areas of urban economics and economic geography which ask questions
such as why some cities and districts economically develop more than
their counterparts, and how to plan the cities in a way to maximize the
economic performance including quality of life. Thirdly, urban planners,
professionals that are almost as old as the emergence of cities in human
history continue to plan cities mostly without the feedback and input from
relevant areas such as environmental psychology, urban economics and
economic geography. There are some intersections, crossroads and
tangents across these areas. The influence of participatory approaches is
growing in urban planning profession although at a slow rate; and the
knowledge of both environmental psychology and urban economics are
needed in the grassroots democratization of urban planning.
• In this context, this paper focuses on the more-or-less uncharted division
of labor across the disciplines at issue, and makes suggestions for better
collaboration options.
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 5
6. 1. Introduction
• The term ‘environmental’ in ‘environmental psychology’ has two distinct
meanings:
• 1) How human beings interact with their environment in a
spatial/cognitive sense. (Eg sense of direction and wayfinding efficiency.)
• 2) Affect, behavior and cognition about environmental and urban features
and problems.
• Another line of research which can sometimes be considered under the
former and some other times under the other; based on the topic (Eg
perceptions of architectural structures and elements;
• the uses and psychological meaning of living room at home;
• the evaluations of house façades on the basis of preference, complexity
and impressiveness;
• residential satisfaction of students.
• This paper focuses on environmental psychology in the sense of affect,
behavior and cognition about environmental and urban features and
problems.
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 6
7. 2. The Possible Contributions by Environmental
Psychology to Urban Planning
• Place identity and place attachment;
• Environmental attitudes;
• Green attitudes vs. behavior;
• Eco-practices;
• Disaster planning;
• Elderly-friendly cities;
• Child-friendly cities;
• Urban crime etc.
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 7
8. 2.1. Research on Place Identity and
Place Attachment
• Felonneau (2004):
• ‘Urbanophilia’ and ‘urbanophobia’
• “The degree of attraction towards or rejection
of the city”;
• The former underestimate urban incivilities
and holds a strong urban identity,
• while the latter overestimates them and holds
a weak urban identity.
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 8
9. 2.1. Research on Place Identity and
Place Attachment
• Hidalgo & Hernandez (2001) compare attachment to house,
neighborhood and city physically and socially, and find that
the weakest one is attachment to neighborhood.
• Mannarini et al (2006): The relationship between image of
neighborhood and sense of community.
• Lewicka (2010): “The overall best direct predictor of place
attachment was neighborhood ties, followed by direct and
indirect effects of length of residence, building size, and
type of housing” (p.35)
• “Attachments to smaller (apartments, homes) and larger
(city) scales of place along with their unique predictors
deserve more attention from environmental psychologists”
(p.35).
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 9
10. 2.1. Research on Place Identity and
Place Attachment
• A framework of place attachment in 3 dimensions
• (person-process-place):
• “The person dimension of place attachment refers to its
individually or collectively determined meanings.
• The psychological dimension includes the affective,
cognitive, and behavioral components of attachment.
• The place dimension emphasizes the place characteristics
of attachment, including spatial level, specificity, and the
prominence of social or physical elements”
• (Scannell & Gifford, 2010, p.1).
• This framework may be useful for urban planning
professionals, as the popularity of urban projects partially
depends on the ways the residents attach to the place.
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 10
11. 2.2. Research on Environmental
Attitudes
• Karpiak & Baril (2008): The relationship between
Kohlberg’s moral reasoning model and environmental
attitudes among college students.
• Developmental level of moral reasoning is associated
positively with
• ecocentrism (defined as “belief in the intrinsic
importance of nature” (p.203)),
• and negatively with environmental apathy;
• while no relationship was observed for
anthropocentrism (defined as “belief that nature is
important because it is central to human wellbeing”
(p.203)).
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 11
12. 2.2. Research on Environmental
Attitudes
• Boeve-de Pauw, Donche & Van Petegem (in
press): The link between adolescents’
environmental worldview and personality
• Personality does not predict environmental
worldview which can be explained by the fact
that adolescence is the formative period for
personality.
• Egocentrism and ecocentrism are considered
to be opposites by Belgian adolescents.
7/10/2011 environ psy & urban planning- Dr.Gezgin 12
13. 2.2. Research on Environmental
Attitudes
• Kortenkamp & Moore (2001):
• Ecocentrism: The belief that “nature deserves moral
consideration because nature has intrinsic value”
(p.261))
• Anthropocentrism: The belief that “nature deserves
moral consideration because how nature is treated
affects humans” (p.261)),
• and moral reasoning about ecological dilemmas;
• The conditions under which ecocentric and
anthropocentric reasoning could be elicited, such as
the presence of information about the damage to the
nature.
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14. 2.2. Research on Environmental
Attitudes
• Lima & Castro (2005):
• ‘Environmental hyperopia effect’:
• “Concern for local environmental issues was more attenuated than for
global ones, risk perception of local sources of pollution was perceived as
lower than distant threats, and global sources of information about the
environment were considered more trustworthy than local ones” (p.23).
• Lai et al (2003): “Hazards were appraised to be more threatening in the
global than the local context” (p.369).
• Uzzell (2000): “Environmental problems are perceived to be more serious
the farther away from the perceiver” (p.307), and this is associated with
feelings of powerlessness.
• Hatfield & Job (2001): “Optimism bias regarding environmental
degradation may inhibit pro-environmental behaviour” (p.17).
• These studies are important for promotion of green campaigns at city
level.
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15. 2.3. Research on Green Attitudes vs.
Behavior
• Pichert & Katsikopoulos (2008): The discrepancy between attitudes and
behaviors in the case of using green electricity vs. ‘grey’ electricity.
• Implications for energy planning in the cities.
• Ohtomo & Hirose (2007): The attitudes towards recycling and recycling
behavior (situational and attitudinal factors).
• Thogersen (2004): Consistencies and inconsistencies in ‘environmentally
responsible behavior’,
• Thogersen (2006): Norms associated with environmentally responsible
behaviors such as
• ‘buying organic milk’,
• ‘buying energy saving light bulbs’,
• ‘source-separating compostable kitchen waste’ and
• ‘using public transportation for work and shopping’
• Thogersen (2006): People apply different norms for different behaviors,
suggesting inconsistencies across different situations.
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16. 2.3. Research on Green Attitudes vs.
Behavior
• Thogersen & Olander (2003): Transfer of
‘environment-friendly consumer behavior’ from
one domain to another is not common;
• Whitmarsh (2009): A gap between prescriptions
of the policy-makers and actions taken by the
public (responses to climate change).
• Bamberg (2003): Specific cognitions relevant to
environment should be studied rather than
generic variables such as ‘environmental
concern’, as the generic variables can’t explain
and predict specific behavioral patterns.
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17. 2.4. Research on Eco-Practices
• Clayton (2007): Motivations for gardening such as appreciation for
nature, social concerns and uses etc,
• Kiesling & Manning (2010): Environmental identity predicts
ecological gardening practices.
• This finding is important, since ecological practices are necessary
for sustainable cities. To promote ecological practices,
environmental identity should be addressed by urban planners.
Planning professionals can collaborate with environmental
psychologists to build green identities in both senses; psychological
building at individual/household level, as well as material building
(construction) at community and city level.
• Mixed results about the relationship between ‘green identity’ and
‘green behavior’ (Whitmarsh & O’Neill, 2010) which indicate that
more research is necessary on this link to support urban planning
policies from a psychological point of view.
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18. 2.4. Research on Eco-Practices
• Mannetti, Pierro & Livi (2004): Recycling behavior
• Personal identity in general, and “the similarity between personal identity and
“identity of typical recyclers”” in particular is associated with the recycling
behavior.
• This finding can be used in green campaigns.
• Knussen et al (2004): The effect of past behavior of recycling, perceived habit and
perceived lack of facilities on intentions to recycle household waste,
• Swami et al (in press): Personality variables involving 3R behaviours (Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle) in household waste management.
• Castro et al (2009): Psychological variables involving recycling behavior.
• Devine-Wright & Howes (2010): A case study about the attitudes towards wind
farm projects with regard to the concept of NIMBY (‘Not In My Back Yard’).
• This research is quite valuable for alternative energy projects in cities.
• White & Gatersleben (in press): The preferences for and perceptions of ‘building-
integrated vegetation’ such as green roofs and façades.
• The results can be useful for urban planners and other planning professionals to
promote urban agriculture/horticulture models as a way to ease urban heat island
effect.
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19. 2.5. Research Relevant to Disaster
Planning
• The psychological factors associated with disaster preparedness.
• Climate change and disaster planning.
• Sundblad, Biel & Garling (2007): Risk judgments concerning climate
change.
• Nilsson, von Borgstede & Biel (2004): The effect of values and
norms on “willingness to accept climate change strategies”.
• Miceli, Sotgiu & Settani (2008): interviewed residents of an alpine
valley in Italy about disaster preparedness and perception of flood
risk.
• Caia, Ventimiglia & Maass (2010): Psychological well-being of
earthquake survivors and their attitudes towards post-earthquake
temporary housing type (dacha vs. container).
• This is useful for post-disaster planning.
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20. 2.6. Research Relevant to
Elderly-Friendly Cities
• Borst et al (2009): The street features that affect walking route choices of the elderly based
on GIS.
• Borst et al (2008): The street features that attract elderly walkers such as trees along the
route, bus and tram stops, passing through parks or the city centre, traffic volume etc.
• Foster, Giles-Corti & Knuiman (in press): The factors that make neighborhoods attractive for
pedestrians, summarized in the concept of ‘walkable streetscapes’.
• Lord, Despres & Ramadier (in press): The relationship between built environment and the
reduced daily mobility of the elderly by a qualitative and longitudinal design.
• Oswald et al (2006): developed a “four-domain model of perceived housing in very old age”
which covers “housing satisfaction, usability in the home, meaning of home, and housing-
related control beliefs” based on a sample of 1223 octogenarians living alone.
• These studies are especially useful for planning cities in rapidly ageing countries such as
Europe and Japan. As the proportion of urban elderly is increasing, more public participation
by the elderly is important for a higher quality of life for residents and for resident
satisfaction. Environmental psychology can fill this gap by offering its findings, methodology
and services for urban planners which plan elderly-friendly cities.
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21. 2.7. Research Relevant to
Child-Friendly Cities
• The papers that stand at the intersection of environmental psychology and child-friendly
urban planning are promising.
• Kytta (2004): Children’s independent mobility and child-friendly environments.
• Rissotto & Tonucci (2002): Elementary school children’s representation of home-school
itinerary and different modes of travel (alone, with an adult, on foot, by car etc).
• Francis & Lorenzo (2002) discuss various approaches to children’s participation in urban
planning.
• Sutton & Kemp (2002) present design charrette method which is defined as “an intensive,
hands-on workshop which designers and citizens collaborate to solve a community design
problem” (s.171).
• Horelli & Kaaja (2002) discuss the opportunities opened up by internet-assisted urban
planning tools for children’s participation to urban planning.
• Chawla & Heft (2002) discuss how to evaluate the level of participation of children and
adolescents.
• Morgan (2010) is another contribution to child-friendly cities debate, as it proposes a model
that explains how place attachment develops from childhood onwards. These and related
studies can be elaborated to provide inputs to child-friendly city models in urban planning.
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22. 2.8. Research on Urban Crime
• Ceccato (2005): Homicide patterns in Sao Paulo
• Peak times of homicide are when the people have free times
(vacations, evenings and weekends).
• This finding has implications in crime prevention and activity
planning as part of urban planning whereby the residents can be
introduced to leisure activities such as sports in their free times.
• Brown, Perkins & Brown (2004): The block and individual effects on
incivilities, place attachment and crime which identify the
properties of neighborhoods associated with crime.
• These papers differ from research on crime in different areas such
as social psychology, sociology etc by the fact that their focus is
exclusively spatial. The research in other areas is not necessarily
spatial. This is one of the distinguishing features of the studies
relevant to urban planning.
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23. 3. Suggestions for Collaboration of
Environmental Psychologists and Urban Planners
• Robin, Matheau-Police & Couty (2007) develop a scale of perceived
environmental annoyances in urban settings which can be used as a
screening tool by planning professionals at city and district levels.
• The statistical analysis revealed 7 principal dimensions:
• “Feelings of insecurity,
• inconveniences associated with using public transport,
• environmental annoyances and concerns for global ecology,
• lack of control over time related to using cars,
• incivilities associated with the sharing of public spaces between different
users,
• lack of efficiency resulting from the density of the population, and
• an insecure and run-down living environment” (p.55).
• Gatersleben et al (2007) study expectations for and perceptions on a new
underground line in 5 areas in London. It is useful, as it gives clues about
bottom-up views on the project.
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24. Differences Between Urban Pre-Implementation
Research vs. Relevant Psychological Research
Urban Pre-Implementation Research Relevant Psychological Research
Mainly qualitative Mostly quantitative
Spatial (involves maps) Rarely spatial
Data-driven Theory-driven
Practical Theoretical
Descriptive and prescriptive Descriptive
Knowledge is the by-product. Knowledge is the main product.
Process is important. Results are important.
Not experimental. Sometimes experimental.
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25. Intersection of Environmental
Psychology and Public Participation
• Unlike the clear-cut distinctions above, there are some
intersecting studies:
• Wells (2005): Investigates ‘low-income women’s
participatory housing experiences’ in partnership with self-
help housing organization, and the sense of ‘self
confidence, optimism, and determination’ etc, based on a
combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies.
• Lima (2004): investigates risk perception and mental health
of residents living near a waste incinerator plant.
• Although this line of intersecting research is promising, it is
still rare.
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26. Neglected Lines of Research in
Environmental Psychology
• The psychology of intentional communities (planned communities).
• Kirby (2003) which is a case study on the ecovillage at Ithaca (USA) is a valuable
exception.
• The variables associated with environmental activism.
• McFarlane & Boxall (2003) is an exception.
• Considering the sustainability and the debate against oil-dependent cities, more
research is necessary on urban transportation choices. Although they have no
such agenda,
• Evans & Wener (2007) study some of the factors that affect passenger satisfaction
in urban trains; and
• Antonson et al (2009) investigate the effects of landscape type (open, forested,
and varied) on driving behavior by a driving simulator, and discuss the implications
of the findings for traffic safety.
• Such studies should adopt sustainable transport frameworks to collaborate with
urban planners; albeit that they still have implications for urban transportation
planning (and train design in the case of Evans & Wener (2007)) even without the
greening of their research agenda.
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27. What Can Environmental Psychologists Do for Collaboration
with Urban Planners?
• EPs need to reframe their studies to collaborate with
planning professionals, as some of EP research are
parochial and inward-looking.
• The brilliant models and findings are of no use if they
can’t be utilized to raise urban quality of life.
• As a limitation of this paper, we can state that this
paper can’t be comprehensive enough to cover all or
most of the EP research relevant to urban planning in
such a limited space. However, it may still be stated
that it provides an overview of the relevant research
and makes suggestions for collaboration that may be
useful for both professions.
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28. 4. The Possible Links Between Environmental
Psychology, Urban Planning and Economic Geography
• Mackinnon & Cumbers (2007) present 4
approaches in economic geography:
• Traditional approach,
• Spatial analysis approach,
• Political economy approach, and
• Institutional/cultural approach.
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29. The Traditional Approach
• Based on the philosophy of empiricism, classical German
geography, anthropology and biology.
• Conceives economy as “*c+losely integrated with the natural
resources and culture of the areas” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007,
p.23).
• Its geographical orientation is “*c+ommercial geography stressed
global trading system” and “regional geography highlighting unique
places (regions)”
• Its geographical focus is “colonial territories, distinctive regions,
mainly in Europe and North America, often rural and geographically
marginal” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
• Its key research topics are “*e+ffects of the natural environment on
production and trade; identifying distinctive regional economies”
• Its research methods are “*d+irect observation and fieldwork”
(Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
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30. The Spatial Analysis Approach
• Based on the philosophy of positivism and neoclassical economics.
• Conceives economy as “*d+riven by rational choices of individual
actors” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
• Its geographical orientation is “*w+ider forms of spatial
organization”
• Its geographical focus is “*u+rban regions in North America, Britain
and Germany” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
• Its key research topics are “*i+ndustrial location; urban settlement
systems; spatial diffusion of technologies; and land use patterns”,
• Its research methods are “*q+uantitative analysis based on survey
results and secondary data” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
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31. The Political Economy Approach
• Based on the philosophy of dialectical materialism, Marxist economics,
sociology and history.
• Conceives economy as “*s+tructured by social relations of production,
*d+riven by search for profit and competition” (Mackinnon & Cumbers,
2007, p.23).
• Its geographical orientation is “*w+ider processes of capitalist
development; and *p+laces as passive ‘victims’ of these wider processes”
• Its geographical focus is “*m+ajor cities in industrial regions in Europe and
North America; and [c]ities and regions in developing countries, especially
Latin America ” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
• Its key research topics are “*u+rbanization processes; industrial
restructuring in developed countries; global inequalities and
underdevelopment”
• Its research methods are “*r+einterpretation of secondary data according
to Marxist categories; and *i+nterviews” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007,
p.23).
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32. The Institutional/Cultural Approach
• Based on the philosophy of postmodernism and institutionalism, cultural
studies, institutional economics, and economic sociology.
• Builds its understanding on the “*i+mportance of social context” and on
the assertion that “*i+nformal conventions and norms shape economic
action” (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
• Its geographical orientation is based on an “*e+mphasis on individual
places in context of globalization”
• Its geographical focus is “*g+rowth regions in developed countries; *g+lobal
financial centres; and *k+ey sites of consumption” (Mackinnon & Cumbers,
2007, p.23).
• Its key research topics are “*s+ocial and institutional foundations of
economic development; consumption; work identities; financial services;
and corporate cultures”
• Its research methods are “*i+nterviews, focus groups, textual analysis,
ethnography, and participant observation”
• (Mackinnon & Cumbers, 2007, p.23).
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33. Rooms for EPs especially
in the 3rd and 4th Approaches
• EP can study the psychological variables concerning profit and competition motives of companies.
• Can be narrowed down to greening of these companies, and the motivations of green companies in
the areas of green production, green supply chains, pollution mitigation, gardening materials etc.
• The possible clash of green companies in case of profit maximization vs. ecocentrism.
• How urbanization and suburbanization and accompanying problems such as densification vs.
sprawl, formal vs. informal housing etc can affect mental health and related psychological variables.
• The psychological effects of industrial restructuring, whereby industrial labor in high-income
countries are losing their jobs, as industries are moving to cheap labor paradises such as China and
Vietnam.
• Can be widened to cover psychological problems of workers in ‘cheap labor paradises’ (or ‘cheap
labor hells’ depending on your position in relations of production).
• The psychological effects of global inequalities and underdevelopment.
• May include media effects which reduce the feelings of frustration in some cases and precipitate
them in other cases.
• Seventh topic may be reframing of environmental psychology findings from a Marxist point of view.
This view is totally lacking in environmental psychology.
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34. Rooms for EPs especially
in the 4th Approach
• EPs can study cultural issues affecting global economies such as ethnic
production, consumption, and marketing, Chinatowns, ‘Little Indias’, ‘Little
Saigons’ etc.
• Informal networks can be more visible by a psychological point of view.
• Green finance. For example, EPs can study psychological determinants of
investor decisions for carbon trade.
• As institutional/cultural approach also focuses on identity issues, there are
immense areas of collaboration for EPs.
• Corporate cultures which is obviously a topic of interest for EPs, especially
in the case of their ‘greening’ decisions.
• On the other hand, to collaborate with the institutional/cultural approach,
EPs should be more positive about qualitative methodology.
• Of course, these topics can be studied by economic psychologists, given
that economic psychology has an older tradition; however, economic
psychologists are not spatial in their outlook.
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35. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations
• In this paper, we focused on the intersections among
the areas of environmental psychology, urban planning
and economic geography.
• As these areas are very large, this paper in no way
provides a comprehensive overview of these three.
• However, the real intention behind this paper has been
making some suggestions for future collaboration.
• In that sense, as the intersecting research papers will
increase in numbers, this paper will fulfill its mission.
• The paper concludes with some recommendations for
collaboration:
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36. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations
• - EPs should be GIS-literate or Google-Earth- literate. This is a prerequisite for a
spatial understanding of urban and environmental problems and issues.
• - Environmental psychologists should be more practice-oriented.
• - Urban planners should include psychologists in their teams to receive inputs
on topics such as place identity and place attachment; environmental
attitudes; green attitudes vs. behavior; eco-practices; disaster planning;
elderly-friendly cities; child friendly cities; urban crime etc.
• - Economic geographers of political economy approach and of
institutional/cultural approach can collaborate with EPs to investigate topics
such as psychological variables associated with profit and competition
motives, urbanization, culture, identity, consumption etc.
• - As public participation approaches are getting more and more common in
urban planning practice; environmental psychologists and economic
geographers can be part of urban planning teams, as their views, data and
methodologies will be valuable for grassroots democratization of urban
planning.
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