Acids are substances that form hydrogen ions, H+(.pdf

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Acids are substances that form hydrogen ions, H+(aq), when dissolved in water In acid solutions there are more H+ ions than OH- ions. Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis e.g. NaOH sodium hydroxide, KOH potassium hydroxide or Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide. Bases which are water insoluble include CuO copper(II) oxide, MgO magnesium oxide. After a neutralisation, the salt solutions consist of a mixture of positive and negative ions (and their names are in the salt name!) e.g. sodium chloride (NaCl) is a mixture of Na+ and Cl- ions, calcium chloride (CaCl2) is a mix of Ca2+ and Cl- ions; magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) is a mix of Mg2+ and NO3- ions, aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) consists of Al3+ and SO42- ions etc. You can test for chloride ions by adding a few drops of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of silver nitrate solution. If chloride ions are present you will see a white precipitate of silver chloride. However, chlorine water itself will contain chloride ions as chlorine in aqueous solution disproportionates to form chloride and chlorate(I) ions. Cl2 + H2O --> Cl- + ClO- + 2H+ Testing for the presence of nitrate via wet chemistry is generally difficult compared with testing for other anions, as almost all nitrates are soluble in water. In contrast, many common ions give insoluble salts, e.g. halides precipitate with silver, and sulfates precipitate with barium. The nitrate anion is an oxidizer, and many tests for the nitrate anion are based on this property. Unfortunately, other oxidants present in the analyte may interfere and give erroneous results. Solution Acids are substances that form hydrogen ions, H+(aq), when dissolved in water In acid solutions there are more H+ ions than OH- ions. Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis e.g. NaOH sodium hydroxide, KOH potassium hydroxide or Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide. Bases which are water insoluble include CuO copper(II) oxide, MgO magnesium oxide. After a neutralisation, the salt solutions consist of a mixture of positive and negative ions (and their names are in the salt name!) e.g. sodium chloride (NaCl) is a mixture of Na+ and Cl- ions, calcium chloride (CaCl2) is a mix of Ca2+ and Cl- ions; magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) is a mix of Mg2+ and NO3- ions, aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) consists of Al3+ and SO42- ions etc. You can test for chloride ions by adding a few drops of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of silver nitrate solution. If chloride ions are present you will see a white precipitate of silver chloride. However, chlorine water itself will contain chloride ions as chlorine in aqueous solution disproportionates to form chloride and chlorate(I) ions. Cl2 + H2O --> Cl- + ClO- + 2H+ Testing for the presence of nitrate via wet chemistry is generally difficult compared with testing for other anions, as almost all nitrates are soluble in water. In contrast, many common ions give insoluble salts, e.g. halides precipitate with silver, and sulfates .

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Unfortunately, other oxidants present in the analyte may interfere and give erroneous results.

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Please find the answers below: Answer 16: Option A (IEP). (IEP or individual educational plan is an official document which carries the information depicting the personal/specific educatinal goals of children with special needs. It is not only a document, but refers to a protocol/programme which clearly demarcates the specific needs of a student. It has some features such as specilization, personalized, validity, usability as a shared document, information about requirement of a specific teacher/mentor or subject expert etc.) Answer 17: The statement is true. Technically, based upon the physical, physiological and psychological development of children, the age group of 6-11 has been globally accepted as the time of adolescence for growing children. This age group is associated with discrete phsycial growth (puberty), psycholgoical growth (feelings, emotions etc) and physiological growth (activation of reproductive organs). Solution Please find the answers below: Answer 16: Option A (IEP). (IEP or individual educational plan is an official document which carries the information depicting the personal/specific educatinal goals of children with special needs. It is not only a document, but refers to a protocol/programme which clearly demarcates the specific needs of a student. It has some features such as specilization, personalized, validity, usability as a shared document, information about requirement of a specific teacher/mentor or subject expert etc.) Answer 17: The statement is true. Technically, based upon the physical, physiological and psychological development of children, the age group of 6-11 has been globally accepted as the time of adolescence for growing children. This age group is associated with discrete phsycial growth (puberty), psycholgoical growth (feelings, emotions etc) and physiological growth (activation of reproductive organs)..

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Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most widely used mechanisms for the strengthening of metal alloys. The fundamental understanding and basis for this technique was established in early work at the U. S. Bureau of Standards on Duralumin. The importance of theoretical suggestion for the development of new alloys is clear from the historical record. At the end of the 19th century, cast iron was the only important commercial alloy not already known to western technology at the time of the Romans. When age hardening of aluminum was discovered accidentally by Wilm, during the years 1903 -1911, it quickly became an important commercial alloy under the trade name Duralumin. The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be enhanced by the formation of extremely small uniformly dispersed second-phase particles within the original phase matrix in a process known as precipitation or age hardening. The precipitate particles act as obstacles to dislocation movement and thereby strengthen the heat-treated alloys. Many aluminum based alloys, copper- tin, certain steels, nickel based super-alloys and titanium alloys can be strengthened by age hardening processes. In order for an alloy system to be able to be precipitation-strengthened, there must be a terminal solid solution that has a decreasing solid solubility as the temperature decreases. The Al-Cu (Duralumin is an aluminum alloy of 2XXX group) phase diagram shown in Figure 1 shows this type of decrease along the solvus between the and + regions. Consider a 96wt%Al – 4wt%Cu alloy which is chosen since there is a large degrease in the solid solubility of solid solution in decreasing the temperature from 550°C to 75°C. Solution Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most widely used mechanisms for the strengthening of metal alloys. The fundamental understanding and basis for this technique was established in early work at the U. S. Bureau of Standards on Duralumin. The importance of theoretical suggestion for the development of new alloys is clear from the historical record. At the end of the 19th century, cast iron was the only important commercial alloy not already known to western technology at the time of the Romans. When age hardening of aluminum was discovered accidentally by Wilm, during the years 1903 -1911, it quickly became an important commercial alloy under the trade name Duralumin. The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be enhanced by the formation of extremely small uniformly dispersed second-phase particles within the original phase matrix in a process known as precipitation or age hardening. The precipitate particles act as obstacles to dislocation movement and thereby strengthen the heat-treated alloys. Many aluminum based alloys, copper- tin, certain steels, nickel based super-alloys and titanium alloys can be strengthened by age hardening processes. In order for an alloy system to be able to be precipitation-strengthene.

Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most .pdf

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Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as they are photosynthetic & single celled in aquatic system result in higher dissolved oxygen finally other trophic levels are in equilibrium Some protists are natural scavangers & profoundly promote \"decomposition of natural organic matter & dead bodies\" therefore nitrogen balance in the ecosystem Some protist are harmful to the ecosystem and they cause disease to various animal and humans result in ecological imbalance in trophic levels of food web Economic importance of protists: Bio-medical importance of protists: Ecological importance of protists: Ques-4: Green algae: These are the algae, which were originated predominantly from the endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, and these algae possess both plastids and chloroplasts for photosynthesis to perform their nutrients synthesis. Volvox is multicellular green algae and possesses cell differentiation as an evolutionary reproductive adaptation. The cells are associated with flagella outside for motility and vacuoles & chloroplasts inside. They mediate cell –to- cell communication through sensory perception obtained from “eyespot” finally neighboring cells join through “cytoplasmic strands” that promote cell –to-cell communication. Recent research has illustrated that cellular adhesion molecules (Algal-CAMs) are found in multicellular Volvox. However, the bulk transport has not observed in the Volvox, a primitive feature still yet to develop in them. Brown algae are the algae, which possess secondary chloroplasts as their functional units to perform their photosynthesis and these algae are commonly originated from the endosymbiotic red algae. Examples are diatoms. Phylogenetic relationship with land plants: Red algae do not possess property of photosynthesis & as they do not contain green pigments Ques-3: Outer coverings: Sphingolipids Pellicle Phospholipids & glycolipids Solution Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as they are photosynthetic & single celled in aquatic system result in higher dissolved oxygen finally other trophic levels are in equilibrium Some protists are natural scavangers & profoundly promote \"decomposition of natural organic matter & dead bodies\" therefore nitrogen balance in the ecosystem Some protist are harmful to the ecosystem and they cause disease to various animal and humans result in ecological imbalance in trophic levels of food web Economic importance of protists: Bio-medical importance of protists: Ecological importance of protists: Ques-4: Green algae: These are the algae, which were originated predominantly from the endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, and these algae possess both plastids and chloroplasts for photosynthesis to perform their nutrients synthesis. Volvox is multicellular green algae and possesses cell differentiation as an evolutionary reproductive adaptation. The cells are associated with flagella outside for motility and vacuoles & chloroplasts inside. They mediate.

Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as the.pdf

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Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O2+ has 11 electrons in its valence shell. The first two go in the s2s and the next two go in the s*2s. Now two go in the s2p. Now thats 6 of the electrons. 4 electrons go in the p2p level and the remaining one goes in the p*2p level. Now count that up and the bond order is 1/2 the number of bonding electrons minus antibonding electrons: Order = 1/2 (8 - 3) = 5/2 Solution Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O2+ has 11 electrons in its valence shell. The first two go in the s2s and the next two go in the s*2s. Now two go in the s2p. Now thats 6 of the electrons. 4 electrons go in the p2p level and the remaining one goes in the p*2p level. Now count that up and the bond order is 1/2 the number of bonding electrons minus antibonding electrons: Order = 1/2 (8 - 3) = 5/2.

Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O.pdf

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P1.javaimport java.util.Scanner;keyboard inputting package pub.pdf

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//operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac #include #include #include #include // for Time using namespace std; struct Node { int number; struct Node* nextNode; }; //append Method Implementation void append(struct Node** head, int num) { if (*head == NULL) { // checking if first node is NULL or not (*head) = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); (*head)->number = num; (*head)->nextNode = NULL; } else { struct Node* temp = *head; while (temp->nextNode != NULL) { temp = temp->nextNode; } struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); //dynamically allocation of memory newNode->number = num; newNode->nextNode = NULL; temp->nextNode = newNode; } } /* Getting Node with value from List*/ Node* search(struct Node** head, int value) { clock_t begin = clock(); std::cout<number == value) { clock_t end = clock(); std::cout<nextNode; } return NULL; } /*Display List Method Implementation*/ void printList(struct Node* head) { while (head != NULL) { std::cout << head->number << \" \"; head = head->nextNode; } std::cout << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct Node* head = NULL,*temp; srand(time(0)); if ( argc != 3 ) // argc should be 2 for correct execution // We print error message std::cout<<\"Please Enter 3 argument\"< Solution //operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac #include #include #include #include // for Time using namespace std; struct Node { int number; struct Node* nextNode; }; //append Method Implementation void append(struct Node** head, int num) { if (*head == NULL) { // checking if first node is NULL or not (*head) = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); (*head)->number = num; (*head)->nextNode = NULL; } else { struct Node* temp = *head; while (temp->nextNode != NULL) { temp = temp->nextNode; } struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); //dynamically allocation of memory newNode->number = num; newNode->nextNode = NULL; temp->nextNode = newNode; } } /* Getting Node with value from List*/ Node* search(struct Node** head, int value) { clock_t begin = clock(); std::cout<number == value) { clock_t end = clock(); std::cout<nextNode; } return NULL; } /*Display List Method Implementation*/ void printList(struct Node* head) { while (head != NULL) { std::cout << head->number << \" \"; head = head->nextNode; } std::cout << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct Node* head = NULL,*temp; srand(time(0)); if ( argc != 3 ) // argc should be 2 for correct execution // We print error message std::cout<<\"Please Enter 3 argument\"<.

operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac#include iostream #include .pdf

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