Question 1 answer is A Global trade allows wealthy countries to use .pdf

•

0 likes•2 views

Question 1 answer is A Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether labor, technology or capital - more efficiently. Because countries are endowed with different assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce the same good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country that can. This is known as specialization in international trade. Question 2 answer is C All options are correct Question 3 answer is D Revenue tariffs are levied to raise money. Question 4 answer is D.(cannot promote third world development, unless governments offer some incentive for importing from third world economies). Question 5 answer is A Question 6 answer is C Solution Question 1 answer is A Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether labor, technology or capital - more efficiently. Because countries are endowed with different assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce the same good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country that can. This is known as specialization in international trade. Question 2 answer is C All options are correct Question 3 answer is D Revenue tariffs are levied to raise money. Question 4 answer is D.(cannot promote third world development, unless governments offer some incentive for importing from third world economies). Question 5 answer is A Question 6 answer is C.

Education

#In this project you will write a program play TicTacToe #using tw.pdf

aquacareser

Web sever environment: A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers\' HTTP clients. Dedicated computers and appliances may be referred to as Web servers as well.The process is an example of the client/server model. All computers that host Web sites must have Web server programs. Leading Web servers include Apache (the most widely- installed Web server), Microsoft\'s Internet Information Server (IIS) and nginx (pronouncedengine X) from NGNIX. Other Web servers include Novell\'s NetWare server, Google Web Server (GWS) and IBM\'s family of Domino servers. Web servers often come as part of a larger package of Internet- and intranet-related programs for serving email, downloading requests for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) files, and building and publishing Web pages. Considerations in choosing a Web server include how well it works with the operating system and other servers, its ability to handle server-side programming, security characteristics, and the particular publishing, search engine and site building tools that come with it. Advantages of using a web server within your development environment: Problems posed by web server environment and methods to solve: Various high-profile hacking attacks have proven that web security remains the most critical issue to any business that conducts its operations online. Web servers are one of the most targeted public faces of an organization, because of the sensitive data they usually host. Securing a web server is as important as securing the website or web application itself and the network around it. If you have a secure web application and an insecure web server, or vice versa, it still puts your business at a huge risk. Your company’s security is as strong as its weakest point. Although securing a web server can be a daunting operation and requires specialist expertise, it is not an impossible task. Long hours of research and an overdose of coffee and take away food, can save you from long nights at the office, headaches and data breaches in the future. Irrelevant of what web server software and operating system you are running, an out of the box configuration is usually insecure. Therefore one must take some necessary steps in order to increase web server security. Below is a list of tasks one should follow when securing a web server. 1. Remove Unnecessary Services Default operating system installations and configurations, are not secure. In a typical default installation, many network services which won’t be used in a web server configuration are installed, such as remote registry services, print server service, RAS etc. The more services running on an operating system, the more ports will be left open, thus leaving more open doors for malicious users to abuse. Switch off all unnecessary services and disable them, so next time the server is rebooted, they .

Web sever environmentA Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hy.pdf

aquacareser

We ca use HashSet data structure to remove duplicats from an array in O(n) time. HashSet does not allow duplicate elements. So add all elements from an array to HashSet. While adding first check whether current element is already in Set or not. If it is already there then remove from an array. PSUDO CODE: void removeDuplicateFromArray(int []array, int size): 1. create a HashSet: HashSet set = new HashSet(); 2. Itereate give array and add element in Set one by one: int k = 0; for i=0 to size-1: if(!set.contains(array[i]) // if current element is not in Set, then add it in set and include in array also array[k++] = array[i]; set.add(array[i]) Runnning TIme: O(n) Solution We ca use HashSet data structure to remove duplicats from an array in O(n) time. HashSet does not allow duplicate elements. So add all elements from an array to HashSet. While adding first check whether current element is already in Set or not. If it is already there then remove from an array. PSUDO CODE: void removeDuplicateFromArray(int []array, int size): 1. create a HashSet: HashSet set = new HashSet(); 2. Itereate give array and add element in Set one by one: int k = 0; for i=0 to size-1: if(!set.contains(array[i]) // if current element is not in Set, then add it in set and include in array also array[k++] = array[i]; set.add(array[i]) Runnning TIme: O(n).

We ca use HashSet data structure to remove duplicats from an array i.pdf

aquacareser

this eample is of t-test for comparing two means here mean1 = mean of FIFO and mean 2 : Mean of LIFO so here we use student t-test for comparision of 2 means to evaluate both methods in this procedure ans: Student t-test for comparision of means Solution this eample is of t-test for comparing two means here mean1 = mean of FIFO and mean 2 : Mean of LIFO so here we use student t-test for comparision of 2 means to evaluate both methods in this procedure ans: Student t-test for comparision of means.

this eample is of t-test for comparing two meanshere mean1 = m.pdf

aquacareser

The middle ear bones in mammals are derived from bones in the dentary bone (mandible) of Therapsids. In the Therapsid dentary, there were three bones used in the jaw hinge: the angular, articular and quadrate. The tympanic, malleus, and incus are homologous to the angular, articular, and quadrate Tympanic = Angular Malleus = Articular Incus = Quadrate In early Therapsids, the quadrate, angular and articular were directly connected to the dentary bone in the jaw hinge. These bones were essential for jaw movement. These bones were also utilized for crude hearing capabilities. The next stage of evolution came with the separation of these bones and the dentary. After the bones separated from the jaw, they formed the postdentary rod. It is believed that these the mammalian middle ear bones evolved at least twice. It is believed that monotreme and therian ancestors evolved very similar middle ear bones, but in two separate paths. In monotreme ancestors, there is a mandibular trough, that is believed to have accommodated the postdentary rod. This rod is believed to have been connected to the trough by ligaments. This rod was used for hearing and the quadrate, angular, and articular were no longer needed in the jaw hinge. In therians, the mandibular trough no longer held the quadrate, angular, and articular. These bones were held to the jaw by ossified Meckel’s cartilage. This bridge of cartilage and bone extended away from the dentary and approached the area that would make up the modern ear cavity. The evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw joint were pivotal steps in the evolution of mammals. It is also a great example of how classical comparative anatomy, paleontology and developmental biology have come together to piece together how this remarkable transformation of jaw joint to ear ossicles was able to come about. The homologies of the malleus, incus and stapes to the articular, quadrate and columella, and tympanic ring and gonial to the angular and prearticular suggested by comparative anatomy 175 years ago have been recently confirmed by molecular and developmental biology. The recent discovery of new mammali form fossils has allowed careful documentation of the shift from primary to secondary jaw articulation, creating an opportunity to follow the transformation of the post-dentary skeletal elements. This fossil data has been complemented by the study of marsupial development, providing insight into the changing role of the malleus and incus, and the relationship of the primary and secondary jaw joints. We now have a number of unanswered questions. What are the signalling molecules involved in the interactions between the condylar process and the glenoid fossa that create the novel mammalian jaw joint? What are the mechanisms that lead to transformation of Meckel’s cartilage into a ligament allowing isolation of the ear from the jaw? What controls the distribution of secondary cartilages? What controls the timing of differentiation an.

The middle ear bones in mammals are derived from bones in the dentar.pdf

aquacareser

There is an old saying “Do not put all eggs in one basket” Why? Because risk is high.By keeping eggs in different baskets, we reduce risk We try to do same thing through diversification. By investing our capital in different assets , we try to reduce risk. Diversified folios reduce the risk and also the ratio of Risk to reward. If w1, w2 , w3 …wn are weight in the portfolio for assets 1, 2,3 ….n Then,w1+w2+w3+……………………+wn=1 R1, R2,R3,…….Rn are the return of the assets 1, 2 , 3 ….n S1, S2, S3……Sn are the standard deviation of the assets 1, 2, 3 …n Portfolio Return=w1R1+w2R2+w3R3+…….+wnRn Portfolio Variance=(w1^2)*(S1^2)+(w2^2)(S2^2)+………….(wn^2)*(Sn^2)+2w1w2*Cov(1,2)+2w1w3* Cov(1,3)+………+w(n-1)wn*Cov(n,(n-1) Cov(1,2)=Covariance of returns of asset1 and asset2 Portfolio Standard Deviation =Square root of Portfolio variance Risk of a stock is measured by standard deviation. Hence reduction of standard deviation through diversification means reduction of risk. We can take a simple example of two assets 1 and 2 Return of asset1=R1=15% Return of asset2=R2=12% Standard deviation of asset 1=S1=10% Standard deviation of asset 2=S2=8% Correlation of asset 1 and 2=Corr(1,2)=0.1 Covariance(1,2)=Corr(1,2)*S1*S2=0.1*10*8=8 Assume for simplicity, equal amount is invested in asset 1 and asset 2 Hence, w1=w2=0.5 Portfolio Return; 0.5*15+0.5*12=13.5% Portfolio Variance=(0.5^2)*(10^2)+(0.5^2)*(8^2)+2*0.5*0.5*8=45 Portfolio Standard Deviation=Square root of Variance=(45^0.5)= 6.708204 We can see, the risk of portfolio as measured by Standard Deviation has reduced significantly to 6,7 whereas the assets in the portfolio had standard deviation of 10 and 8 Risk / Return ratio of the portfolio=6.7/13.5=0.496 Risk/Return ratio of asset1=10/15= 0.666667 Risk/Return ratio of asset2=8/12= 0.666667 Risk return ratio of the portfolio is lower WHY INVEST IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES TO DIVERSIFY? Return of same types of assets are highly correlated. Suppose, if you invest in 10 different Technology Companies, you may not be able to reduce risk, because all the companies will have similar return and highly correlated. We have seen in the equation of Portfolio Variance, one factor=2 w1*w2*Cov(1,2) If there is high correlation between return of asset1 and 2, the Covariance(1,2) will be high . Hence this factor 2w1w2Cov(1,2) will be high. As a result portfolio standard deviation will be high and diversification will not serve any purpose. Hence, in order to get benefit of diversification, we need to invest in different type of industries so that the correlation between different assets are low. Consequently, the portfolio risk (measured through standard deviation) is low. Solution There is an old saying “Do not put all eggs in one basket” Why? Because risk is high.By keeping eggs in different baskets, we reduce risk We try to do same thing through diversification. By investing our capital in different assets , we try to reduce risk. Diversified folios reduce the risk and also the rati.

There is an old saying “Do not put all eggs in one basket”WhyBe.pdf

aquacareser

The ER Model is focussed to be a description of real-world entities. Although its development/construction is done in such a way as to allow fair and easy translation to the relational schema model, this is not fully trivial process. The ER diagram represents the conceptual level of database design while the relational schema represents the logical level for the database design. Following simple rules are followed: ADDRESS( cityAddress, city, state ) candidate key:cityAddress, city , state PERSON( pid,name ) candidate key: pid OBSERVATION (oid, date, temperature, humidity, precip. ,city), candidate key: oid foreign key: city OBSERVER ( pid ), candidate key: pid METEREOLOGIST( pid ), candidate key: pid CONSUMER( pid ), candidate key: pid WARNINGS( wwid,description,date,city) candidate key: wwid FORECAST( fid,city,date,low,high) candidate key: fid WEATHERPROGRAM( wid,name ) candidatekey; wid LIVESAT(city, streerAddress, state,pid) RECORDS(oid,pid,method) ISSUES(wwid.pid) PRESENTS(fid,pid) VIEWS(pid,fid) MAKES(wid,fid,oid) 15 tables will be created in all along with relationship tables and only 9 tables if relationships are shown as foreign keys Solution The ER Model is focussed to be a description of real-world entities. Although its development/construction is done in such a way as to allow fair and easy translation to the relational schema model, this is not fully trivial process. The ER diagram represents the conceptual level of database design while the relational schema represents the logical level for the database design. Following simple rules are followed: ADDRESS( cityAddress, city, state ) candidate key:cityAddress, city , state PERSON( pid,name ) candidate key: pid OBSERVATION (oid, date, temperature, humidity, precip. ,city), candidate key: oid foreign key: city OBSERVER ( pid ), candidate key: pid METEREOLOGIST( pid ), candidate key: pid CONSUMER( pid ), candidate key: pid WARNINGS( wwid,description,date,city) candidate key: wwid FORECAST( fid,city,date,low,high) candidate key: fid WEATHERPROGRAM( wid,name ) candidatekey; wid LIVESAT(city, streerAddress, state,pid) RECORDS(oid,pid,method) ISSUES(wwid.pid) PRESENTS(fid,pid) VIEWS(pid,fid) MAKES(wid,fid,oid) 15 tables will be created in all along with relationship tables and only 9 tables if relationships are shown as foreign keys.

The ER Model is focussed to be a description of real-world entities..pdf

aquacareser

Please find the answers below: Answer 16: Option A (IEP). (IEP or individual educational plan is an official document which carries the information depicting the personal/specific educatinal goals of children with special needs. It is not only a document, but refers to a protocol/programme which clearly demarcates the specific needs of a student. It has some features such as specilization, personalized, validity, usability as a shared document, information about requirement of a specific teacher/mentor or subject expert etc.) Answer 17: The statement is true. Technically, based upon the physical, physiological and psychological development of children, the age group of 6-11 has been globally accepted as the time of adolescence for growing children. This age group is associated with discrete phsycial growth (puberty), psycholgoical growth (feelings, emotions etc) and physiological growth (activation of reproductive organs). Solution Please find the answers below: Answer 16: Option A (IEP). (IEP or individual educational plan is an official document which carries the information depicting the personal/specific educatinal goals of children with special needs. It is not only a document, but refers to a protocol/programme which clearly demarcates the specific needs of a student. It has some features such as specilization, personalized, validity, usability as a shared document, information about requirement of a specific teacher/mentor or subject expert etc.) Answer 17: The statement is true. Technically, based upon the physical, physiological and psychological development of children, the age group of 6-11 has been globally accepted as the time of adolescence for growing children. This age group is associated with discrete phsycial growth (puberty), psycholgoical growth (feelings, emotions etc) and physiological growth (activation of reproductive organs)..

Please find the answers belowAnswer 16 Option A (IEP). (IEP or i.pdf

aquacareser

Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most widely used mechanisms for the strengthening of metal alloys. The fundamental understanding and basis for this technique was established in early work at the U. S. Bureau of Standards on Duralumin. The importance of theoretical suggestion for the development of new alloys is clear from the historical record. At the end of the 19th century, cast iron was the only important commercial alloy not already known to western technology at the time of the Romans. When age hardening of aluminum was discovered accidentally by Wilm, during the years 1903 -1911, it quickly became an important commercial alloy under the trade name Duralumin. The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be enhanced by the formation of extremely small uniformly dispersed second-phase particles within the original phase matrix in a process known as precipitation or age hardening. The precipitate particles act as obstacles to dislocation movement and thereby strengthen the heat-treated alloys. Many aluminum based alloys, copper- tin, certain steels, nickel based super-alloys and titanium alloys can be strengthened by age hardening processes. In order for an alloy system to be able to be precipitation-strengthened, there must be a terminal solid solution that has a decreasing solid solubility as the temperature decreases. The Al-Cu (Duralumin is an aluminum alloy of 2XXX group) phase diagram shown in Figure 1 shows this type of decrease along the solvus between the and + regions. Consider a 96wt%Al – 4wt%Cu alloy which is chosen since there is a large degrease in the solid solubility of solid solution in decreasing the temperature from 550°C to 75°C. Solution Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most widely used mechanisms for the strengthening of metal alloys. The fundamental understanding and basis for this technique was established in early work at the U. S. Bureau of Standards on Duralumin. The importance of theoretical suggestion for the development of new alloys is clear from the historical record. At the end of the 19th century, cast iron was the only important commercial alloy not already known to western technology at the time of the Romans. When age hardening of aluminum was discovered accidentally by Wilm, during the years 1903 -1911, it quickly became an important commercial alloy under the trade name Duralumin. The strength and hardness of some metal alloys may be enhanced by the formation of extremely small uniformly dispersed second-phase particles within the original phase matrix in a process known as precipitation or age hardening. The precipitate particles act as obstacles to dislocation movement and thereby strengthen the heat-treated alloys. Many aluminum based alloys, copper- tin, certain steels, nickel based super-alloys and titanium alloys can be strengthened by age hardening processes. In order for an alloy system to be able to be precipitation-strengthene.

Precipitation hardening, or age hardening, provides one of the most .pdf

aquacareser

Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as they are photosynthetic & single celled in aquatic system result in higher dissolved oxygen finally other trophic levels are in equilibrium Some protists are natural scavangers & profoundly promote \"decomposition of natural organic matter & dead bodies\" therefore nitrogen balance in the ecosystem Some protist are harmful to the ecosystem and they cause disease to various animal and humans result in ecological imbalance in trophic levels of food web Economic importance of protists: Bio-medical importance of protists: Ecological importance of protists: Ques-4: Green algae: These are the algae, which were originated predominantly from the endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, and these algae possess both plastids and chloroplasts for photosynthesis to perform their nutrients synthesis. Volvox is multicellular green algae and possesses cell differentiation as an evolutionary reproductive adaptation. The cells are associated with flagella outside for motility and vacuoles & chloroplasts inside. They mediate cell –to- cell communication through sensory perception obtained from “eyespot” finally neighboring cells join through “cytoplasmic strands” that promote cell –to-cell communication. Recent research has illustrated that cellular adhesion molecules (Algal-CAMs) are found in multicellular Volvox. However, the bulk transport has not observed in the Volvox, a primitive feature still yet to develop in them. Brown algae are the algae, which possess secondary chloroplasts as their functional units to perform their photosynthesis and these algae are commonly originated from the endosymbiotic red algae. Examples are diatoms. Phylogenetic relationship with land plants: Red algae do not possess property of photosynthesis & as they do not contain green pigments Ques-3: Outer coverings: Sphingolipids Pellicle Phospholipids & glycolipids Solution Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as they are photosynthetic & single celled in aquatic system result in higher dissolved oxygen finally other trophic levels are in equilibrium Some protists are natural scavangers & profoundly promote \"decomposition of natural organic matter & dead bodies\" therefore nitrogen balance in the ecosystem Some protist are harmful to the ecosystem and they cause disease to various animal and humans result in ecological imbalance in trophic levels of food web Economic importance of protists: Bio-medical importance of protists: Ecological importance of protists: Ques-4: Green algae: These are the algae, which were originated predominantly from the endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, and these algae possess both plastids and chloroplasts for photosynthesis to perform their nutrients synthesis. Volvox is multicellular green algae and possesses cell differentiation as an evolutionary reproductive adaptation. The cells are associated with flagella outside for motility and vacuoles & chloroplasts inside. They mediate.

Protists are beneficial to the ecosystem in generating oxygen as the.pdf

aquacareser

Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O2+ has 11 electrons in its valence shell. The first two go in the s2s and the next two go in the s*2s. Now two go in the s2p. Now thats 6 of the electrons. 4 electrons go in the p2p level and the remaining one goes in the p*2p level. Now count that up and the bond order is 1/2 the number of bonding electrons minus antibonding electrons: Order = 1/2 (8 - 3) = 5/2 Solution Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O2+ has 11 electrons in its valence shell. The first two go in the s2s and the next two go in the s*2s. Now two go in the s2p. Now thats 6 of the electrons. 4 electrons go in the p2p level and the remaining one goes in the p*2p level. Now count that up and the bond order is 1/2 the number of bonding electrons minus antibonding electrons: Order = 1/2 (8 - 3) = 5/2.

Now a normal O2 molecule has 12 electrons in the valence shell so, O.pdf

aquacareser

P1.javaimport java.util.Scanner;keyboard inputting package pub.pdf

aquacareser

//operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac #include #include #include #include // for Time using namespace std; struct Node { int number; struct Node* nextNode; }; //append Method Implementation void append(struct Node** head, int num) { if (*head == NULL) { // checking if first node is NULL or not (*head) = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); (*head)->number = num; (*head)->nextNode = NULL; } else { struct Node* temp = *head; while (temp->nextNode != NULL) { temp = temp->nextNode; } struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); //dynamically allocation of memory newNode->number = num; newNode->nextNode = NULL; temp->nextNode = newNode; } } /* Getting Node with value from List*/ Node* search(struct Node** head, int value) { clock_t begin = clock(); std::cout<number == value) { clock_t end = clock(); std::cout<nextNode; } return NULL; } /*Display List Method Implementation*/ void printList(struct Node* head) { while (head != NULL) { std::cout << head->number << \" \"; head = head->nextNode; } std::cout << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct Node* head = NULL,*temp; srand(time(0)); if ( argc != 3 ) // argc should be 2 for correct execution // We print error message std::cout<<\"Please Enter 3 argument\"< Solution //operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac #include #include #include #include // for Time using namespace std; struct Node { int number; struct Node* nextNode; }; //append Method Implementation void append(struct Node** head, int num) { if (*head == NULL) { // checking if first node is NULL or not (*head) = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); (*head)->number = num; (*head)->nextNode = NULL; } else { struct Node* temp = *head; while (temp->nextNode != NULL) { temp = temp->nextNode; } struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); //dynamically allocation of memory newNode->number = num; newNode->nextNode = NULL; temp->nextNode = newNode; } } /* Getting Node with value from List*/ Node* search(struct Node** head, int value) { clock_t begin = clock(); std::cout<number == value) { clock_t end = clock(); std::cout<nextNode; } return NULL; } /*Display List Method Implementation*/ void printList(struct Node* head) { while (head != NULL) { std::cout << head->number << \" \"; head = head->nextNode; } std::cout << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct Node* head = NULL,*temp; srand(time(0)); if ( argc != 3 ) // argc should be 2 for correct execution // We print error message std::cout<<\"Please Enter 3 argument\"<.

operating system linux,ubuntu,Mac#include iostream #include .pdf

aquacareser

Network Protocol: 1) A Protocol is used for the communication between two or more machines. 2) We can even define the network protocol as, it is for the communication between two network devices. 3) Network protocols include some mechanisms such as to identify the devices and make connections with each other. 4) After the connection is obtained, data is packaged into messages are sent and received. 5) Some protocols even support message acknowledgement and data compression is used for high-performance. What is a network service: 1) A network service is an application. 2) This runs at application layer and above. 3) This is used in computer networking. 4) Network service provides data Storage, manipulation ,presentation , communication 5) This is implemented using client-server architecture or peer-to-peer architecture. Service Interface: 1) This interface is used to implement a Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA). 2) This is implemented to achieve interoperability among the applications among various technologies. Solution Network Protocol: 1) A Protocol is used for the communication between two or more machines. 2) We can even define the network protocol as, it is for the communication between two network devices. 3) Network protocols include some mechanisms such as to identify the devices and make connections with each other. 4) After the connection is obtained, data is packaged into messages are sent and received. 5) Some protocols even support message acknowledgement and data compression is used for high-performance. What is a network service: 1) A network service is an application. 2) This runs at application layer and above. 3) This is used in computer networking. 4) Network service provides data Storage, manipulation ,presentation , communication 5) This is implemented using client-server architecture or peer-to-peer architecture. Service Interface: 1) This interface is used to implement a Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA). 2) This is implemented to achieve interoperability among the applications among various technologies..

Network Protocol1) A Protocol is used for the communication betwe.pdf

aquacareser

More from aquacareser (20)

1) MODERN TIMES is a very well prepared movie that describes the mis.pdf

1. Identify five differences between DNA replication and gene transc.pdf

1.1Yearcash flowpresent value of cash inflow = cash flow(1+r).pdf

this is my code to count the frequency of words in a text file#.pdf

The ice allows the refluxed materials to crystall.pdf

1. b2. c (bed bug)3. d (caterpillars)4. c (lyme disease)5. e.pdf