Acid rain is also one of the leading problems of the world. In this presentation, I have presented what does it actually mean, reasons, effects and the measures to be taken to prevent acid rain.
there are several methods available for desulphurization but adsorption method is best method. because clay contains highest adsorption capacity and we get 0.05% of sulphur in the kerosene oil.
there are several methods available for desulphurization but adsorption method is best method. because clay contains highest adsorption capacity and we get 0.05% of sulphur in the kerosene oil.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a clear, colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is an extremely important product of the chemical industry and used in many industrial processes
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Oxyacids of sulphur are sulphur, hydrogen and oxygen containing compounds. Oxyacids of sulphur are sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid, peroxomonsulphuric acid, peroxodisulphuric acid, thiosulphuric acid, dithionous acid, dithionic acid, polythionic acid and pyrosulphuric acid.
Manufacturing nitric acid by ostwald processrita martin
Nitric acid is a colourless liquid most commonly manufactured by Ostwald process which converts ammonia to nitric acid, nitric acid used for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives
Nitric acid Preparation & Uses
CHILE SALTPETRE METHOD (By NaNO3/KNO3)
BRIKLAND EYDE’S METHOD BY USING AIR
Raw material:
Basis: Nitric acid (95% yields), Sodium Nitrate, Sulfuric acid
Process
The decomposition of sodium nitrate (Chili saltpetre) still remains one of the most important processes for the manufacture of nitric acid. The complete reaction shown by the equation 2NaNO3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2HNO3at a relatively low temperature (200° C.), The plant consists of
a retort,
condenser,
receiver, and
absorbing system for the oxides of nitrogen.
OSTWALD ’S METHOD BY AMMONIA SOLVEY PROCESS
~ Presentation by Deena Pravinah A/P Nagaratnam ~
Chapter 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY
- Sulphuric Acid -
Hope it's beneficial for the viewers.. :)
GCSE Chemistry Revision - Air and Air PollutionKatie B
This is a quick summary of the GCSE Chemistry topic around the atmosphere and air pollution. It includes topics on acid rain, nitrogen oxides, global warming and car pollution. I have used the Letts GCSE in a Week book for most of this presentation.
Acid rain water has a pH <5.
Acid rain does not respect political boundaries. Emissions from one country may be carried by wind to a neighbouring country.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a clear, colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is an extremely important product of the chemical industry and used in many industrial processes
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Oxyacids of sulphur are sulphur, hydrogen and oxygen containing compounds. Oxyacids of sulphur are sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid, peroxomonsulphuric acid, peroxodisulphuric acid, thiosulphuric acid, dithionous acid, dithionic acid, polythionic acid and pyrosulphuric acid.
Manufacturing nitric acid by ostwald processrita martin
Nitric acid is a colourless liquid most commonly manufactured by Ostwald process which converts ammonia to nitric acid, nitric acid used for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives
Nitric acid Preparation & Uses
CHILE SALTPETRE METHOD (By NaNO3/KNO3)
BRIKLAND EYDE’S METHOD BY USING AIR
Raw material:
Basis: Nitric acid (95% yields), Sodium Nitrate, Sulfuric acid
Process
The decomposition of sodium nitrate (Chili saltpetre) still remains one of the most important processes for the manufacture of nitric acid. The complete reaction shown by the equation 2NaNO3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2HNO3at a relatively low temperature (200° C.), The plant consists of
a retort,
condenser,
receiver, and
absorbing system for the oxides of nitrogen.
OSTWALD ’S METHOD BY AMMONIA SOLVEY PROCESS
~ Presentation by Deena Pravinah A/P Nagaratnam ~
Chapter 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY
- Sulphuric Acid -
Hope it's beneficial for the viewers.. :)
GCSE Chemistry Revision - Air and Air PollutionKatie B
This is a quick summary of the GCSE Chemistry topic around the atmosphere and air pollution. It includes topics on acid rain, nitrogen oxides, global warming and car pollution. I have used the Letts GCSE in a Week book for most of this presentation.
Acid rain water has a pH <5.
Acid rain does not respect political boundaries. Emissions from one country may be carried by wind to a neighbouring country.
Acid rain or Acid deposition penetrates deeply into the sensitive fabric of ecosystem, thereby changing the chemistry of air, water, and soil and has huge impact
Sulfur oxides are produced from the burning of fossil fuels, mainly coal and oil, and the smelting of metal ores that contain sulfur.
Emissions of sulfur oxides cause serious impacts on human health and the environment, both directly and as a result of the way they react with other substances in the air.
Sulfur oxides are main precursors of atmospheric acidification, aerosol generation, and acidic dry and wet deposition.
There are many methods available for controlling the emission of SO2. Such as:
extraction of sulfur from fuel oils.
Sulfur reduction within combustion chamber.
Treating of flue gases.
DRY METHODS:
Mainly in industries dry, elevated temperature removal processes are used as cold plume is not formed and problem of handling large amount of slurry in flue gases is avoided.
But there are technical issues resulting in such method making wet method more applicable in industries.
Adsorption of SO2 by metal oxides to from stable sulphites or sulphates with subsequent regeneration.
-Alkalized Alumina Process
-Manganese Oxide Process
Adsorption on activated carbon followed by regeneration and conversion of concentrated SO2 to sulphuric acid or elemental sulphur.
-The Reinluft Process
ALKALIZED ALUMINA PROCESS:
Also called as Cyclic Adsorption Process.
It was developed by U.S Bureau of Mines.
Adsorbent used : Sodium Aluminate (Na2O.Al2O3)-it is porous form.
This process uses Sodium Aluminate (Na2O.Al2O3) to remove SO2 in fluidized bed at 315°C.
Na2O.Al2O3 + SO2 + ½ O2 → Na2SO4 + Al2SO3
The product of above reaction is then contacted with a reducing gas such as H2 in a regenerator at 680°C to produce H2S.
Na2SO4 + Al2O3 + 4H2 → Na2O.Al2O3 + H2S + 3H2O
Sodium Aluminate is recycled back and H2S is sent to Claus Process for producing Sulphur.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. What does the term mean?
• From burning of fossil fuels, a large amount of carbon-di-oxide gets emitted.
This gas further reacts with the water. The formula is CO2+ H2O -> H2CO3.
• The pH of natural rain water is 5.84 at temperature of 25o C. However, if the
rain water has pH less than 5.6 it is said to be acid rain.
• The adverse impacts of acid rain can be experienced only if pH is about 4.5 or
less.
• The term acid raid was first used by Robert Angus in 1872 which means
presence of acids in rain water.
2
3. Components & Forms of Acid Rain
• Sulfuric acid and nitric acid are major acids found in rain water along
with small quantity of hydrochloric acid.
• The proportion of sulfuric acid may be ranging 60 to 70 percent
whereas nitric acid has proportion of about 30-40 percent.
• Acid rain is also termed as acid deposition and may be either wet or
dry. The wet form includes rain, snow, mist, etc. whereas dust particles
containing sulfates and nitrates setting on surface are included in dry
form.
3
4. Reason Behind Acid Rain
• The fossil fuels contain sulphur and nitrogen. Burning of sulphur and
nitrogen results in formation of sulfuric oxides and nitric oxides.
• These oxides are soluble and ultimately make the acid rain.
1. S + O2 = SO2
2. NO + O3 = NO2 + O2
• It is not necessary that the acid rain takes place where the oxides of
sulphur and nitrogen are produced.
• Sometimes the acid droplets are carried away by wind storm and acid
rain takes place.
4
5. Effects of Acid Rain
• Europe, Netherlands, Sweden, USA and so many countries faced
problem of acid rain with pH 5.0 to 2.2.
• In India, the cities of Kanpur and Bombay have experienced the
adversity of acid rain.
5
6. Precautions to stop Acid Rain
Use Cleaner Fuels
• Natural Gas
• Coal that produces
less smoke.
• Wash the coal to
reduce sulphur
content.
Flue Gas
Desulphurization
• Removes sulphur
dioxide form waste gas
• Every factory should
use to reduce
Pollution.
• Government should
make it mandatory.
Reduce effects of
acid rain by liming
• Powdered limestone
added to water or soil
to neutralize acids.
• Sweden and Norway
use it extensively.
• Expensive & short
term remedy.
6