The document summarizes an acid-base lab that was performed to determine whether solutions are acidic or basic. pH levels and the presence of hydrogen and hydroxide ions indicate acidity and basicity. A universal indicator reveals the pH through color changes from red (acidic) to blue (basic). In testing milk of magnesia, distilled water, and vinegar, the indicator showed milk of magnesia was basic with a pH of 12, distilled water was neutral with a pH of 6.8, and vinegar was acidic with a pH of 3.

1. Devon’s Conclusion:
The Acid and Base Lab was performed to determine whether a solution is acidic or
basic. In order to determine the pH of a substance, information was gathered on the amount of
H+ (hydrogen ions) and OH- (hydroxide ions). Acids release H+ into a solution, while bases
release OH- into other solutions. The pH levels that can be considered acidic range from 0-7.
Level 7 is the neutral zone, where you can find distilled water. Bases range in pH from 7-14.
There also is a liquid known as a Universal Indicator, which when mixed with a substance turns
red if it is acidic or blue if it is basic. This is preferred over litmus paper because it gives a better
shade of the color when placed in a substance. Litmus paper just turns solid blue or solid red
when placed into a substance. With this data in mind, the calculations can be made to
determine whether a substance is acidic, basic, or neutral. There were 12 substances tested in
the lab. Three of the group includes, Milk Magnesia, Distilled Water, and Vinegar. The Universal
Indicator was added to all three of these substances. When the indicator was added to Milk
Magnesia the substance turned blue in color. This meant the chemical had to be a base. Using
a pH scale we were able to estimate that the pH level in the chemical was around 12. The
distilled water with the indicator mixed in, turned out to be neutral because coloring was green,
which is in between blue and red. The pH scale revealed that the pH level was around 6.8.
Finally for Vinegar, the color red was revealed indicating that it was a strong acid. According to
a pH scale it was determined the pH level was around 3. The Acid and Base Lab showed that
bases are non-edible substances usually made for cleaning. It also showed that acids were
edible substances usually used in cooking.