The document discusses titration as a method to determine unknown concentrations of acids and bases. Titration involves slowly adding a base to an acidic solution until the pH reaches 7.00, indicating neutralization. The concentration of the base and volumes of the acid and base added can be used to calculate the concentration of the original acid using the titration equation. Indicator solutions that change color between acid and base are used to pinpoint the endpoint of neutralization.

1. How Do We Find Unknown Concentrations of Acids and Bases?

2. Neutralization Reaction : When an Acid and Base combine to become water .

3. Acid HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl - Base NaOH + H 2 O  NaOH 2 + OH - HCl + NaOH  Na + +Cl - + H 2 O H 3 O + OH -  2H 2 O

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IRI5gPR5EY&feature=related

5. Titration A neutralization reaction used to find unknown concentrations of Acids or Bases in the laboratory

6. Titration Let’s say that we have an acidic solution but don’t know its concentration. If we add a base to this solution, the acid will be slowly neutralized. At the point where the pH is equal to 7.00, the amount of base that we added will be equal to the amount of acid that was in the solution to start with

7. Titration M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 M 1 = Molarity of Acid M 2 = Molarity of Base V 1 = Volume of Acid V 2 = Volume of Base

8. Titration M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 If it takes 50 mL of 0.0025 M NaOH to neutralize 30 mL of an acid with unknown concentration, what was the concentration of this acid?

9. When we do a titration, how can we tell if the solution is neutral? Indicators : turn one color in an acid, and a different color in a base. End Point : When the indicator changes color and tells you the titration is complete Equivalence Point : When the solution is neutral

10. Titration Curve